Medical Journal of Babylon

Abstract:
The size and shape of the arches have considerable implications in orthodontics diagnosis and treatment
planning, affecting the space available, dental esthetics, and stability of the dentition. From the dental cast, one
can analyze tooth size and shape, alignment and rotations of the teeth, presence or absence of teeth, arch form
and symmetry, and arch width and occlusal relationship. This study was performed using dental casts for upper
and lower arches of a total of 38 subjects with class II, division 1 malocclusions (17 males and 21 females) and
of 40 normal class I subjects (20 males and 20 females) of Iraqi adult samples aged (14-24 )in Hilla city. The
dental and arch width dimensions measured were intercanine, intermolar, and molar alveolar in both arches to
compare the transverse dimensions of the dental and alveolar arches of class II malocclusion groups with
normal class I occlusion subjects and independent-samples t-test was applied for comparisons of the groups.
The finding from this investigated indicated that, (1) there were no significantly differences in all measurements
between class I and class II overall samples (2) there were no significantly differences in all measurements
between class I and class II male samples except for mandibular inter canine widths (L3-3) were significantly
larger in class II than in class I male samples (3) there were no significantly differences in all measurements
between class I and class II female samples except for mandibular molar alveolar widths (LA6-6) were
significantly larger in class II than in class I female samples (4) most of the dental and alveolar widths
measurements in overall, male and female class II samples were insignificantly slightly larger than in class I
overall, male and female samples. These indicates that there were no posterior crossbite tendency in the class II
groups .

The prefect example for microorganisms which resist heavy metals is Pseudomonas aeruginosa , it has a
good ability to resist and accumulate different metal ions , This article studied the resistance ability of P.
aeruginosa against different concentrations of the following metals compounds :
(HgCl,MgSo4,Zn2O3,MgCO3,Na2SO4,C10H20O,EDTA,NiSO4,CuCl2 and CdCl2), and describing the role
of these metals to influence the production of bacterial pigments .

One hundred and fifty - three patients with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI): 97(63.3%)’. males
and 56 (36.6%) females, were studied prospectively at the Urology department and outpatient clinic,
Specialized surgical hospital, from February 2000 until February 2003. Their age ranged from (1-40) years.
Evaluation of these patients was done by: proper history, physical examination, laboratory tests and
radiological imaging studies (ultrasound (U/S), and/or intravenous urography (IVU) and/or voiding
cystourethrography (VCU)).
Congenital urinary tract anomalies were detected in 30 (19.6%) of these patients: 18(60%) males and
12 (40 %) females. The upper urinary tract anomalies (kidney and ureter) were predominating found in 26
(86.6%) patients, while lower urinary tract malformations (bladder and urethra) were found in only 4(3.3%)
cases.
The most common organism isolated was Proteus species in 15 (50%) of the patients with congenital
anomalies.

A cohort study was done from April / 2004 to December / 2005 at Babylon Hospital for Maternity and
Children, and included 200 pregnant women with Toxoplasmosis infection were treated for 4-6 weeks and the
outcome of pregnancy was compared before and after treatment.
The analysis showed that the number of abortions was decreased after treatment, and also the rate of
congenital abnormalities was decreased after treatment.

Isolation of Proteus species From Women with Intrauterine
Contraceptive Device

The capacity of capsular polysaccharides enable bacteria to resist phagocyte process and help it to
dissemination in liver & spleen organs was tested in vivo by measurement of log number of bacteria isolated
from these organs in addition to show organ section . Two mice groups was used the first one injected with
encapsulated strain, the other one injected with capsule-removed strain
The results of this study confirmed the important role of capsule in improvement of the dissemination of
encapsulated S. aureus bacteria into some organ of mice which observed by increase in log number of bacteria
isolated from liver & spleen through an increase in the time of mice injection and reach maximum at 72h to
(4.89) ( 5.32) respectively, but mice groups injected with capsule removed strain reach to (3.16) in liver and
(3.78) in spleen at 24h , then decrease of low level in other injection time .
Liver section of mice injected with the same encapsulated S. aureus show congestion , hemorrhage
combined by PMN cell infiltration in addition to fusion of white pulp in spleen . These pathological changes
occur too ,but less severe in mice injected with capsule –removed strain .

To evaluate the prevalence of ANCA antibodies in patients with systemic vasculitis and to compare that to
its prevalence in patients with different rheumatic diseases and in normal healthy control subjects.
Fifty patients with systemic vasculitis and fifty patients with different rheumatic diseases and one
hundred healthy control persons, have been tested for the presence of ANCA antibodies “Anti PR3” and
“Anti MPO” by ELISA technique in central public health laboratory in Baghdad-Iraq.
Seventeen patients out of fifty patients 34% with systemic vasculitis were found to be positive for
ANCA antibodies ,nine patients were positive for c.ANCA “ Anti - PR3 ”, eight patients were positive for
p.ANCA “Anti-MPO” and two patients were positive for both types with specificity of “99%” and sensitivity of
34%.
All fifty patients with different rheumatic disease were negative for ANCA antibodies , and also the healthy
control persons were negative except one who was positive for c.ANCA “Anti-PR3”.
ANCA antibodies should be looked for in all patients with suspected vasculitis , their absence will not
rule it out ,the test through not highly sensitive 34% however it is highly specific 99% and should alert the
attending physician towards further investigation including histopatho-logical tissue diagnosis.

This study was designed to determine the accuracy of cervical mucus scoring(CMS)
for timing of ovulation in natural and stimulated cycle, and to compare the results with real time pelvic
ultrasonography(P.U/S) for ovarian follicular growth and maturation, in both cycles .A total of twenty-two
cervical mucus(CM) was obtained and scored according to Insler mucus scoring; together with (P.U/S)
folliculometry.There was a high positive correlation(r =0.96,p<0.05) between determination the day of
ovulation by serial Insler scoring assessment of (CM) and serial (P.U/S) folliculometry in natural cycle; while
there was no such correlation(r =0.15,p>0.05) in the stimulated cycle.

From Feb. 1999 to Feb. 2001, There were 1000 patients to be treated for burn in Hilla Surgical
Teaching Hospital burn unit in Babylon.
-596 male patients (59.6 %), 404 female (4o.4 %).
-66o (66%) of cases were children, young adults 330 (33%), and old age group form 10 (1%).The vast
majority of cases fall in the group of moderate to major burns.
Flame burn formed 653 (65.3 %), 332 ( 33.2 % ) cases hotliquid ,and 15 (1.5 % ) sustained electric
burn .-100 patients (10 %) treated surgicaly.Hospital stay extended from 1-12 weeks.Bacterial study
showed 54% psuedomonas, staph. Aureus 22%, Klebsiella 13 %Proteus 9 % and E coli 2 %,175
patients died due to : - inhalation injury 55%, septicemia 44%, G. I. bleeding one case.
The study has shown the burn injury problem as amajor national health problem , and
prolonged morbidity and temporary or perminant disability associated with it to result in astaggering
economic drain on social resources and finantial support is required.Prophylaxis against burn is better
than treatment.Teamwork approach to burn care is found to be of great importance.This study can be
regarded as amessage to whome it may concern.

Fifty seven subjects (40 diabetic patients and 17 control subjects) were used in this study in Marjan Teaching
Hospital/ Hilla between Dec. 2005 to Nov. 2006. The main measures were used; assessment of autonomic
nervous system, Doppler ultrasonography and some laboratory tests.
The FMD% was significantly less by 64% in diabetic patients in comparison to control subjects. All autonomic
nervous system functions tests were impaired in diabetic patients. An increase in duration of illness, there was a
significant proportional increase in HbA1c and plasma nitrite concentration. Duration of diabetic illness
affected all autonomic function testes.
The reported lipid profile in this study was a significant high in diabetic patients except high density lipoprotein
(HDL) which showed a significant deceased 20% in comparison to control subjects. Plasma nitrite
concentration was significantly increased 53.4% in diabetic patients in comparison to control subjects.

Dermatophytosis is the most common skin diseases of humans. In order to determine any possible correlation
between dermatophytosis and beverages containing caffeine (coffee, tea, cacao, and cola drink), an
investigation was done for potential antidermatophytic effects of these beverages against three species with two
variants of Trichophyton; Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes, Trichophyton mentagrophytes
var. interdigitale, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton simii.
On the other hand, a survey among dermatophytosis patients was performed to detect the effects of caffeine
consuming on development of dermatophytic disease.
The results revealed that there was no activities of beverages against dermatophytes, as well as no relationship
between tea consuming and dermatophytosis development. Whereas, pure caffeine had been exhibited a well
antifungal activities against dermatophytes.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy(DMD) is a sever x-chromosome linked degenerative disease of muscles affect
boys due to mutations at a specific locus on the short arm of the X-chromosome. In the early stages of disease the
affected young boys show loss of strength in their proximal muscles leading to waddling gait, to difficulty in
standing up and eventually to very sever weakness.
Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels were measured in nineteen women who are mothers of DMD patients and
compared with another serum CK of nineteen women with negative history of DMD(control group). The results
indicate that serum CK levels of patient ’s mothers are significantly higher than serum CK values of control group,
and the serum CK values have markedly increased in52.1% of the patient’s mothers, this lead to conclusion that
52.1% of these patient’s mothers are carriers for disease and 47.9% are due to new mutations which may caused by
the environmental factors.

Antibacterial activity of some local plant extracts: Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), harmal (Peganum harmala) and
pomegranate (Punica granatum)were determined against some bacterial species(Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi and Proteus mirabilis). These extracts showed variation in their
inhibitory effects, the pomegranate(Punica granatum)extract revealed the highest inhibitory activity against most
bacterial isolates.
The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)was also varied with the type of plant extract and bacteria. The MIC of
the cumin(Cuminum cyminum)was 2.5 gm/dl for E.coli, K.pneumonia and S.typhi. The MIC of harmal(Peganum
harmala)was 5gm/dl for K.pneumonia, while the MIC of pomegranate (Punica granatum) was 2.5 gm/dl for E.coli
and 5gm/dl for the other isolates.

Viral hepatitis is an important endemic disease in Iraq , this work was curried in the period between January and
June 2007 . And was aimed to evaluate the serum levels of cytokines in the chronic patients. Obtained results
showed that their is a clear elevation in the levels TNF- in HBsAg positive group (211.27±28 pg/ ml),
and(189.77±23.5 pg/ ml) in patients with HCV in comparison to control group (59.45±22 pg/ ml). also levels of IL-2
recorded a remarkable increment , In HBsAg positive group (101.47± 29 pg/ml), and in HCV patients (88.78±19.5
pg/ml ) in comparison to control group (62.22±14 pg/ ml) . These results indicate the predominant role of Th-2 than
Th-1 which lead to chronicity of the disease in those patients.

The protective effect of heat – killed Lactobacillus fermentum against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in
Swiss mice with age of 5 weeks . 0.5 mg of heat – killed Lactobacillus fermentum was injected in intraperitoneally
( I.P.) 5 days before challenge with 0.2 ml of viable P. aeruginosa ( 10 8 cell/ ml).
Animals were sacrificed by Cervical disslocation after 12 h. from challenge dose. To follow bacterial growth in
the peritoneal cavity of injected Mice , its contents were washed out with 5 ml of PBS .The number of colonies in 5
ml of harvested fluid was expressed as Log 10 CFU . Bacterial growth in the Spleen was determined by spreading
the organ homogenates.
Survival of mice after intraperitoneal ( I.P.) infection with P. aeruginosa was augmented in mice that had been
pretreated I.P. with L. fermentum five days earlier. Mice became resistant to infection with P. aeruginosa after
pretreatment with L. fermentum .
Growth of P. aeruginosa in the peritoneal cavity and spleen was markedly inhibited in L. fermentum pretreated
mice, wherease such inhibition of bacterial growth was not observed in control group ( mice don’t treated with L.
fermentum )
The mean number of peritoneal cells in control mice was 3 x 106 CFU and 60 % of these cells were
macrophages . It was suggested that macrophages activated by L. fermentum were involved in the protection
against P. aeruginosa.

Most laparoscopic cholecystectomies are performed after ultrasound examination in combination with clinical and
biochemical parameters. The most reliable method to assess anatomy in living people is during the surgery, so a clean
dissection, accurate visual identification, and a profound knowledge of expected variations are essential. In order to
alert the surgeon and to reduce the incidence of complications, we describe the clinical anatomy of vascular and
gallbladder variations faced during fifty laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Vascular anomalies were present in 18% of
the patients; they include: caterpillar hump of the right hepatic artery, early division of cystic artery, low-inserted
cystic artery, cystic artery originating from proper hepatic artery, and a rare anatomical variation whereby the right
hepatic artery was found in the gallbladder bed. Gallbladder anomalies were present in 14% of the patients; they
include: intrahepatic gallbladder, “Phrygian cap” gallbladder, and a case of situs inversus.
The incidence, surgical anatomy, and operative maneuvers of the anomalous cases were discussed.

Objective to find history of breast feeding in patient with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and compare with general
population and the effect on the coarse of disease and type of the treatment
43 patients with different type of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis had been survey as case control study and compare
with general healthy population regarding the breast feed history and the duration of it and the effect on the coarse
of the illness and the type of treatment and compare with 100 persons as control group with same age group during
period of tow years with fallow up.35 0f patients were breast fed of different duration81.4%, while the control group
breast fed was 87%, the risk of uveitis and need to admission to hospital and combination therapy more in the non
breast fed patients than the breast fed patients, and poor response to the therapy and poor attendance to school,
The need for breast fed was important for the prevention and decrease the risk of autoimmune disease including
juvenile arthritis and for delay the development of the disease and improving the response to the therapy .

Adult femoral hernia forms about 5-10 % of the groin hernias1,2,4, the aim of this study was to asses the accuracy of
the diagnosis in adult people , 476 patients with groin hernias presented to the surgical clinic in(Karak Teaching
hospital, Mu,tah University, Jordan). The patients examined by consultant surgeons in the surgical clinic . Result, a
femoral hernia was confirmed at operation in (16) patients(3.36%) , only (7) patients were diagnosed preoperatively.
The result suggested that the consultant surgeons may be poor at the diagnosis of femoral hernia, and a new way of
groin hernia examination to differentiate between femoral hernia and inguinal hernia need to be considered .

This comparative study tested many antibiotics from different sources which were collected from local pharmacy in
Iraq to determine their activities against some bacteria species. The antibiotics included in this study were 25 of 17
different origins from 5 countries against 5 types of bacteria .The Kirby-Bauer test has shown wide differences of
inhibition zones of each origins of same antibiotics against same type of bacteria in vitro .

A simple, relatively non-expensive, and non-dangerous method was used isolate DNA from human blood.
Several toxic organic solvents were omitted in this procedure and compensated with salting out technique
representing by utilization of NaCl instead. Since significant resolution of DNA bands were identified this procedure
could be used in routine clinical laboratories and might be suitable for restriction fragment length polymorphism
(RFLP) analysis.

In this study 31 eyelids swabs were obtained from patients suffering from blephatitis of different age groups and
both sexes in Hilla province.
Bacterial infections were detected in 26 (83.9%) samples and no growth resulted in 5 (16.1%) samples . It was found
that Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest bacteria ( 15 isolates ), followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis ( 7
isolates ) and only ( 4 isolates ) of Streptococcus pneumoniae .
The rapid iodometric method has been employed to investigate the production of beta-lactamase enzyme by
common bacteria Staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis ) which isolated from
eyelid's margin of patients with blepharitis . It was found that (13) isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and (5) isolates
of Staphylococcus epidermidis have revealed positive results.
A number of common Beta-lactam antibiotics such as Penicillin, Ampiclox , Amoxicillin , Cephalexin and
Cefazolin have also been used to investigate the ability of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis to
produce β-lactamase enzyme . The results showed that Staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and
Staphylococcus epidermidis ) were 100% resistant to Penicillin , Cephalexin and Cefazolin , other antibiotics
Ampiclox and Amoxicillin showed remarkable variations in respect of resistance ratio .

There are some defense mechanisms in the organism to avoid the harmful effects of free radicals .The enzymes
responsible for antioxidant defense have trace elements like Zinc, Copper and Selenium within their structure.
Decreased levels of these elements lead to a reduction in the antioxidant activity.
In this study we aimed to determine the activity of the medicinal plant ( celery seed ) and honey in correcting the
level of these elements in sera and their effect on pulmonary function (PF) by measuring the FEV1% ( Forced
expiratory volume ) and FVC % ( Forced vital capacity ) that for detection the improvement of lung function as well
as the effect of treatment in decrease in severity and numbers of attacks (symptomatically).
All data reflect the effectiveness of the mixture to elevate serum zinc and selenium level also increase in pulmonary
function parameters. This result indicated to the antioxidant activity of this treatment.