Journal of Imam Al-Kadhum College

Some of the blessed Qur’an texts represent the truth and clarification of the application of Qur’an concepts to the conditions for which they were cited exclusively, and sometimes others are not accepted, and at other times they give multiple meanings to a single Qur’an concept according to the multiple connotations that surround the Qur’an text, in addition to the fact that the authenticity is not limited to specific individuals, times, and places, which has led to until the emergence of differences between commentators in understanding the Qur’an text based on whether the concept applies to the source or not, the revelation of the verse in a group or individual does not require its specification to that context as long as the wording is (general), but if the wording is (specific) through its appearance in the Qur’an, or its specificity according to the authentic narrations contained in the explanation of the reasons for the revelation, it is necessary to have a single source that applies to specific individuals and does not apply to others
The concept has always been distinguished by its stability, as commentators consider it to be a temporary one that does not accept change or replace., as for (the authentication), it is variable according to a number of clues, including the Meccan and Madina verse and, the reasons for the revelation and the matter of the revelation, and the abrogated and omitted , the research has pointed to the theory of the unity of the concept and the multiplicity of the authenticity. Which some thinkers have adopted in directing meaning and deriving judgments, by presenting applied models that show both cases - the application of the concept to a single external validity, and the multiple external certifications of a single concept , therefore, the research seeks to reveal the opinions of commentators on the truth of the concept and the authenticity and to explain the extent to which it applies or not to the external credibility in an attempt to clarify the paths of the Qur’an facts included under the general concepts in the Qur’an text.

The rule of benevolence is so important that it is necessary to stop at it and search into the depths of its evidence and the dimensions that it extends to. It is one of the jurisprudential rules that extend socially, as it is present in many situations in which benevolence is provided for the motive of benevolence to others, and this may be accompanied by something that calls for guarantee, so comes the role of The jurisprudential rule is to deny his guarantee for the reason of goodness and benevolence that moved him and called him to that position

Since the goal behind this rule is not to include the benefactor in it, and it represents the solution to many issues and situations that occur in society, it is a jurisprudential rule and a societal need.

The research came after the introduction with six sections, the first section of which was concerned with introducing the rule of benevolence linguistically and terminologically, the second section was devoted to explaining its importance jurisprudentially and socially, and the third section was concerned with explaining the evidence for this rule, which is the Qur’anic and narrative evidence indicating this rule, then the evidence of consensus and the building of rational people, and was devoted to The fourth section clarifies the limits of the rule, while the fifth section reviews the problems arising from the rule of charity and their response, and the sixth and final section is devoted to presenting applied models.

In these papers, we seek to research the Ismaili imams and their role in crystallizing the Ismaili movement, as well as the role of the Syrian city of Salamiya, which was chosen by the four hidden Ismaili imams to embrace the call, and how to prepare preachers there and arrange them as preachers and borders, and then send them to cities and islands to spread the ideas and beliefs of Ismailism, and how this call maintained its activity. Religiously and politically, and ways to continue it according to a complex, secret philosophical approach stemming from their Ismaili faith, and from there they paved the way for the establishment of a Shiite state sponsored by the Ismaili movement, and recognized it as a Shiite sect among the Muslim sects. The first of these signs was the sending of Imam Hussein bin Ahmed bin Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Ismail, the two preachers, Ibn Hawshab. To Yemen, Abdullah the Shiite to Morocco, and from there the Sicilian essence to conquer Egypt, not to establish the foundations of the state.

It is obvious that the specialist of Islamic teams is accused before others by his contemporaries of bias to another thought and belief because when he started to look at these teams and boredom, his letters will count on him before his breath and therefore we find himself put himself in difficult labor and equation that comes out of it only with great luck, as we find that the researcher in this battle will receive him in case they seek a inclination or something of sympathy towards their belief or symbols and this is what we will find We are looking for Shahrastani in the circle of belief .

The early Muslims contributed to building our current civilization. If it were not for the innovations of Islamic civilization, our contemporary civilization would have been delayed by several centuries, the aim of the current research is to identify an important aspect in the history of technology, which is to reveal the role of the Muslim scientist and creative mechanical engineer (Ibn al-Razzaz al-Jazari) in technological development in the contemporary world. And his combination of theoretical and practical aspects, the researchers followed the historical, descriptive, approach to achieve the goal of the research. The researchers discussed his experimental scientific approach, his most prominent designs and inventions, their role in the technological development that we witness today and the practical applications of Al-Jazari’s innovations in our contemporary life. The researchers concluded that the Arab scientific heritage had a great impact in the progress of the scientific movement and its arrival to what it has reached now, and that much of what is stated in the books on the science of tricks are basic rules of science that scholars cannot do without. He invented water pumps, many musical instruments, water clocks, and the elephant clock, He invented water pumps, many musical instruments, water clocks, and the elephant clock, and he was also interested in scientific issues of hydraulics and self-propelled machines, Al-Jazari’s science was one of the foundations of the scientific renaissance in Islamic civilization, which later spread to Europe, with the recognition of many Western scholars. The impact of his inventions can be seen in the designs of steam engines, internal combustion engines, robots, and others. Finally, the two researchers presented a number of recommendations.

Women in the United States of America played an important role in the legislative authority, especially after women gained the right to vote in the 1920s. A number of them were elected as members of Congress and represented an important segment of the American people. Among these women was Patsy Takimoto Mink, the first American of American descent. An Asian woman who reached Congress, her brilliance and leadership qualities began early in her life. She was elected president of the student body of Hawaii High School in 1943. She also fought in her youth against racial segregation at the university and obtained a degree in zoology and chemistry from the University of Hawaii in 1943. 1948 and obtained a law degree from the University of Chicago in 1951. She joined the Democratic Party and was able to obtain a seat in the Hawaiian Territory Legislative Council in 1956. In 1964, she was elected to the US House of Representatives and served there for two separate terms, the first (1964-1976) and the second. (1990-2002) She contributed to legislating a number of laws and had firm political positions in the US Congress. ‏

Poverty is one of the prominent challenges facing developing countries, adversely affecting economies and societies. The role of foreign labor exacerbates poverty rates in these countries, as their presence intensifies competition for jobs with local workers, leading to wage reduction, increased unemployment, and consequently higher poverty rates. Additionally, foreign labor may diminish local job opportunities and distort fair wealth distribution, exacerbating economic and social inequality. Furthermore, foreign labor may sometimes be exploited in illicit activities such as organized crime, exacerbating social and security issues.
There is an urgent need to adopt effective policies to manage foreign labor and ensure that the national economy benefits from their expertise without negatively impacting local workers and communities. These policies should focus on providing employment opportunities for local labor, ensuring equal opportunities in the job market, and enhancing social and legal protection for foreign workers. Moreover, these policies should include measures to improve the economic and social conditions of the most impoverished groups, aiming to achieve sustainable development and social justice in developing countries like Iraq.

The research aims to identify the factors influencing the reduction of the phenomenon of misinformation on social media platforms, understand the tools that contribute to reducing the phenomenon of misinformation on social media platforms, determine the role and impact of relevant entities in combating the phenomenon of misinformation on social media platforms, and understand the role of education and media awareness in reducing the spread of misinformation on social media platforms. The researcher relied on a qualitative approach in this study through in-depth interviews with experts and specialists in the field of study, totaling (8) experts and specialists. To answer the research questions, the researcher arrived at the following results: One of the factors influencing the reduction of misinformation on social media platforms is raising awareness among users about the risks of misinformation and its impact on society, educating them on how to recognize fake and misleading news, and encouraging users to develop their skills in evaluating content and verifying information before sharing or relying on it. It also recommends the need to enhance awareness of the dangers of misinformation and its negative impact on society and individuals, which can be achieved through awareness campaigns on social media platforms and other media outlets. Social media platforms should adopt stricter policies to verify the accuracy of published content and combat false and misleading information

Satire is a literary device for the artful ridicule of folly or vice as a means of exposing or correcting it. Satire utilizes tones of amusement, contempt, scorn, or indignation towards a flawed subject with the hope of creating awareness and subsequent change. It helps us confront the unpleasant reality and see the world as it is, so that we can improve it. Through Terry Pratchett’s novel “Equal Rites”, the study seeks to answer the question of whether the satire reflects flaws and follies which encompassed in human nature. Terry Pratchett is a keen observer of social and political happenings around him. He satirizes different cultural, social, political and literary patterns. Thus, this study focuses on examining the mission of a satirist which is to draw the attention to the follies, failings, and vices of individuals, as well as the whole society. Horatian satire targets the vices and shortcomings with a mild and gentle humour. As opposed to the Juvenalian satirists whose aim is to create an atmosphere of anger, the Horatian satirists expose the follies to laughter. The third type is Menippean satire which attacks mental attitudes. Terry Pratchett is a typical Horatian satirist.