Basra studies journal

This research presents a critical reading of one of the cultural references on which the poet relies in his poetic texts, which is the cognitive reference, as this reference constituted a fertile source for artistic employment, because poetry is one of the texts that open to various knowledge and sciences. He relied on several knowledges in his poetic texts, including knowledge of rhetoric, grammar and presentations, in addition to his knowledge of birds, astronomy and planets.

The study aims to clarify the meaning of the pragmatic herald function contained in the functional grammar through an introductory study of it, its conditions and characteristics, as well as distinguishing it from the herald in the old Arabic grammar by mentioning the common points and distinguishing features between them, and knowing its parsing and its location according to the functional grammar . The application of this to Surat Al-Baqarah, in which the deliberative function of the herald is mentioned in several places; Being one of the long surahs in the Noble Qur’an, it included all the other deliberative functions mentioned in the functional grammar. The focus was on the components to which the function of the herald is assigned, fulfilled with the conditions and qualities mentioned in the functional grammar.

Feed industry facilities in Basra Governorate witnessed great developments after it was (3) facilities during the period (1955-1965), which rose to reach (82) facilities until 2021, as a result of the increase in the number of animal breeders, especially laying and broiler chickens, and the increase in the demand for feed material for them. This led to the establishment of most of the owners of poultry farms, especially in Al-Zubayr district, to establish facilities for the manufacture of fodder within the fields to reduce economic costs and self-sufficiency.

This study aims to determine the levels of electromagnetic pollution emitted from the Internet transmission towers in the city of Basra. The field study was carried out by taking some samples from different locations, using the (EMF-810) device, and about (178) samples were measured from the internet broadcasting towers in the study area, with five readings for each residential neighborhood within the study area, and then representing the results cartographically to show the level of electromagnetic pollution from this source.
It was found that the spatial distribution of Internet broadcasting towers is characterized by randomness and irregularity, and it depends mainly on the population density and the number of subscribers to the Internet service. And that the Internet transmission towers can be considered an important source of electromagnetic emissions in the study area. Emission levels vary, the highest total value was recorded in Al-Mithaq neighborhood (23.5 mW/cm2), and the lowest total value was in Afraz Al-Asskryen neighborhood, which was recorded (0.40 mW/cm2). The high readings in some locations pose a threat to the health of the residents living near these towers. Electromagnetic pollution covers varying areas within the geographical area of the study area, as the percentage of the area affected by the least severe levels is 51%, while the area affected by the higher levels is only 1%.

Shatt al-Basra canal was dug in the southern part of the sedimentary plain in the areas of swamp lands as part of the general estuary project to Khor al-Zubayr. It extends about 38 km from north to south. Six stations along the canal have been selected from sites representing bank sediments runoffs. Directly or indirectly, some geographical factors played a great role in the stability of the sediments of the banks, including the geological factor, the slope of the surface and the climatic characteristics in terms of drought, humidification, dry winds, evaporation, sediment separations and their type. The hydrological situation, drainage and tidal phenomena also had an impact on the instability of the banks sediments. The human factor also had a role through the construction of bridges, roads and engineering projects across the canal, which affected the cross-sectional area as well as the practice of fishing and buffalo grazing. It turned out that the site of Shatt al-Basra regulator, by preventing tidal water from penetrating along the canal, created two different environments in their physical, chemical, engineering and morphological characteristics, and was reflected in showing the contrast between the first, second, third and fourth stations with the fifth and sixth stations, which are located to the south of the regulato, on the stability of the sediments of the banks, and it was found that the slopes of the banks of Shatt al-Basra canal were within the medium-height slope according to the geometric dimensions of the banks.

The natural gas industry globally has witnessed great developments by all standards over the past years, in addition to the entry of natural gas into the field of industry as a fuel for electric power stations or as a raw material for fertilizer and petrochemical companies and others. Thus, the province of Basra has drawn the attention of students due to the great gas wealth it contains represented by the giant oil fields from which natural gas is extracted, accompanied with oil or free, as in the Siba field. Production began to increase since 1970 after entering various industries in the governorate as fuel or as a raw material and trying to reduce gas burning and waste through the entry of foreign companies into the oil licensing rounds through participation contracts, such as the entry of Shell Company equally in production with the South Gas Company and an attempt to reduce waste from Burning gas to reduce economic losses.

The importance of detecting and diagnosing the problems faced by workers in the agricultural sector of the economically active population is to work on providing all means to eliminate those obstacles that affect the efficiency of workers’ performance and their role in the production process. The study area based on the official data related to the topic of the research as well as the results of field work for the year 2020, and the research adopted the descriptive analytical approach and the quantitative method in presenting and discussing the research vocabulary.
The study concluded many results, the most prominent of which was the lack of government support, represented by the weak role of the agricultural policy followed, as the problem of the low financial return of the farmer reached (41.8%) of the problems of reluctance to agricultural work, while the decrease in the worker’s share of agricultural land reached (0.1) dunums for the agricultural worker, and the continuation of the trespassing and bulldozing of agricultural lands. In order to eliminate or mitigate these problems, a methodology and action plans should be developed that develop the capabilities of the farmer and the farmer himself, support his productive projects, and protect his agricultural production and quality by establishing a marketing price policy to protect the local product and avoid damages that may affect farmers, and activate laws that limit commercial speculation. Which victimizes both the agricultural producer and the consumer.

Basra Governorate occupies the southern part of Mesopotamia, specifically in the semi-arid zone of Al-Zubair. This semi-range contains subsurface folds representing most of the oil fields in the governorate, the most famous of which are Rumaila, Zubair, Nahran Omar, Majnoon, Tuba and Ratawi al-Luhais fields. These oil fields were formed as a result of the interaction of three main causes: the alpine movement, the eruption of the base rocks, and the tectonics of the salts. Since these elements are still effective, the oil fields are in a state of synthetic growth, which makes them affect the topography of the surface of the earth in the province of Basra. This study showed the nature of the impact of these fields on the topography of the Earth's surface.

group of life factors share in crystallizing many obstacles that stand in the way of the wheat crop, as the crop is exposed to many diseases, agricultural pests and harmful jungles. Some climatic conditions in the study area helped create a suitable environment for such diseases and pests, including high temperatures, dry winds, the different balance of basic nutrients in the soil and other conditions. The results of the study showed the spread of many pests that cause diseases to the wheat crop, and perhaps the most important harmful insects that infect the crop is the aphid and bush that spread at large rates in many fields, causing the spread of many pathogenic fungi. In addition to competing with plants for nutrients, With regard to fungi, there are many of them, such as fungi that cause smut and rust diseases of the crop, root and spike diseases, so this study came to clarify the most important agricultural pests and diseases facing the wheat crop, horticultural crops, and the most important ways and strategies for their development and agricultural development for the crop in Basra Governorate.

The aim of the research is to measure Post-Traumatic disorder for a sample of people who recovered from Corona disease in Basrah province for the year (2019-2020) and their number (65) recoveries.
The results showed:
1- The sample of those recovering people from Covid 19 that was targeted in the research did not suffer from Post-Traumatic disorder.
2- The Counseling field showed the most area in research sample, followed by avoidance and then recovery of traumatic experience.
3- There are no Statistically significant differences on the Post-traumatic disorder scale according to: (gender, housing, disease severity, age, educational attainment, occupation, recovery period).

The current research aims to identify: Reading and writing difficulties in English language among first intermediate grade students from the point of view of their teachers. And figure out if there are any differences among genders and years of service.
To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher prepared a reading and writing difficulties scale that was subjected to statistical analysis, and psychometric properties were extracted from validity and reliability. The results showed that the difficulty of writing is prevalent in the current research sample, where the arithmetic mean value of the difficulty of writing was the highest value (68.15) and the lowest value is the difficulty of reading (66.02).

The aim of the current research is to identify the difficulties of employing e-learning from the students’ point of view. The research sample were male and female students of the College of Education for Human Science, University of Basra, in the second and third levels from departments (educational and psychological sciences، psychological guidance، educational guidance، Arabic language، history and geography). They were (216) male and female students، and after applying the E-Learning Difficulties Scale (Al-Awada، 2012)، the research results showed the following:
1- The members of the research sample suffer from difficulties in employing e-learning in their university studies.
2- There are no statistically significant differences due to the variables (gender، school stage) in the difficulties of employing e-learning in the study.