Diyala Journal of Human Research

Argumentation factors intensify and constrain the argumentation components of a text and link two semantic units within a single vocabulary. The argumentation factor is based on the appropriate. If we say that the requirement of vocalization (I almost succeeded) here the response did not get this vocalization requires that and the presence of the factor (almost) clarifies and confirms the work of argumentation, it follows the link between the parts of the text and archives within a single section. According to the argumentation analysis, (I almost succeeded in moving in the direction that leads the argument (succeeded) and serves one result).

The research addressed the grammatical Moshacala in the Prophet's hadith, as it was a departure from the original in the Prophet's hadith to make the Moshacala very much, as Ibn Malik mentioned, we found in the Hadith the Prophet's prophetship contrary to a number of rules of expression for the sake of the Moshacala.

Child labor is one of the most dangerous problems facing children in the world, especially the developing world, as is the case in Iraq including Diyala Governorate , the laws of the countries of the world are obligated to protect children and provide the requirements for their education , health and nutrition, and not to employ them before the age of 15 years, By analyzing the factors that produced this phenomenon, the neighborhoods that recorded the highest percentage of children working in them appeared in each neighborhood(Al-Hakim, Jurf Al-Melh, Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Sinaiyah, Al-Obour, Maysaloun) , It turned out that the economic conditions were marked by high unemployment , Higher real dependency, lower per capita monthly income, decrease in household monthly spending It is considered a factor that led children to turn to the labor market, as well as social factors that led to this phenomenon, and the two strongest factors appeared illiteracy and widowhood, and it was associated with strong and moderate relations with this phenomenon

The advice, as expressed by the linguists, is a call to reform and an end for corruption, it is guidance to the path of goodness, which is the doing of something that is good and honest. English translation. It is a social practice whose origins have taken root since the establishment of human gatherings, then the adoption of these political systems gatherings in their simplest form, and then their development to cope with the year of development that has brought about the traditions, systems, and civilization of those societies.

Social geography is one of the branches of human geography that is concerned with the study of social reality, its spatial distributions, and the bifurcation of its topics. The urban aspect, which is a type of modern studies in terms of how and the statistical employment of urban indicators that represent a reflective picture of the social life in the city. The content of the study was several variables preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion. The basic services, including water and electricity for the city and at the level of its neighborhoods, and the study reached several results and proposals, as it showed a spatial variation of the levels of life in the city of Heba, as the urban indicators contributed the largest share of their impact on the levels of social life in the city.

Program in a Humorous Style in Reducing Aggressive Behavior among Intermediate School Students” through verifying the following hypotheses:

1. There are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the grades of the experimental group in the pre and post-test on the scale of aggressive behavior.

2. There are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the grades of the control group in the pre and post-test on the scale of aggressive behavior.

3. There are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the grades of the experimental and the control groups in the post-test on the scale of aggressive behavior.
The current research is determined by the male students of the intermediate School for Morning Study for the academic year (2019-2020). For the purpose of verifying the objective of the research and its hypotheses the researcher used the experimental method with partial design (two experimental groups and one control group with the post and pre-test). The research community is (400) students from intermediate schools. The sample of applying the counseling program was made up of (12) students of Intermediate school who have high level of aggressive behavior, where their grades are higher than the hypothetical average which is (114 degrees). They were distributed randomly on two groups experimental and control. The researcher equaled between the two groups in a number of variables. The researcher relied on (Sadiq, 1998) tool according to Theory Social Learning and built a counseling program according to (Bridgson) Theory in humorous style. The scale is from (60) items in the initial version and after being presented to a group of judges specialized in education, psychology, measurement and evaluation, they suggested to modify (3) items of the aggressive behavior scale and (3) items were dropped in discrimination and scale became (57) items. Face validity of the scale has been achieved, as for stability it was done through two ways: (method of re-testing which was (0.91), and Alpha- Cronbach which reached (0.87)). Also, the researcher applied the counseling program in (humorous style) which was prepared for the purpose of reducing aggressive behavior and validity of the counseling program was verified in two ways: (the face validity

This study mainly aimed to reveal the extent of application of the Kaizen Deming PDCA strategy in teaching graduate students specializing in curricula and teaching methods at Umm Al-Qura University from their point of view, The problem was identified in answering the following question: What is the extent of application of the Kaizen Deming PDCA strategy in teaching graduate students specializing in curricula and teaching methods at Umm Al-Qura University from their point of view?

This research aims to identify the effectiveness of the Motivational interviews in reducing psychological Senility of students who have lost parents in the preparatory stage, Where the researcher built a measure of psychological Senility, which consists of (38) paragraphs position finalized and three alternatives after it was presented to a group of experts in education and psychology, Extraction of psychometric properties of the scale (Validity-Reliability) Received the test in a test repetition (0,86) and (0,81) in the east of the fur kronbach, was applied to a sample of (400) students, the statistical methods used in the current research is (T-test for one sample, Pearson correlation coefficient, Vakrnbach) to reach the desired results in the research procedures, The researcher concluded that the students who lost the parents in the preparatory stage have psychological Senility, and the current results showed identify the effectiveness of the Motivational interviews in reducing psychological Senility of students who have lost parents in the preparatory stage, the researcher made a number of recommendations and suggestions.

When studying any topic related to the sociological and ideological side, we cannot neglect the historical and political sides, especially when the content of the topic is related to (identity and difference) it is the content of the content and this is a matter, as for the second matter it is related to cultural studies, so we had a special pause on the political side ; Because the researcher will stand on the identity of the Mamdouh, the Arabic satirist, the Western opponent, and other identities mentioned in the text of the references to the Andalusian poem.

The importance of this research in revealing the geographical distribution of civil defense centers in Diyala governorate and diagnosing and analyzing this type of service and its adequacy and efficiency to meet the requirements of the population of administrative units in Diyala governorate. The size of the population in determining the need, as it appeared that the governorate needs (140) civil defense centers, and what exists in reality is (14) centers, meaning there is a shortage of (126) centers in 2019, meaning that the number of the unserved population reached (1512328) people, or about (90%) of the population of the province are not included in the service, as well as the response time is large, as the Iraqi local standard in 1983, according to the Ministry of Construction and Housing, specified that the response time (10) minutes is a long time if compared with the international standard (4) minutes.

This study aims at identifying the level of the social stigma among elderly in the homes of the state. A random sample of the research community was selected consisting of (100) elderly males in the homes of the state; (Rashad and Al-Sulaykh) in the center of Baghdad. The researchers built the scale of social stigma, based on the theory of Howard Baker (Backer,1973), consisting of (30) items. Honesty has been extracted by several methods, as well as, stability through retesting and , Alpha Cronbach. The stability factor reached (0.80 and 0.82) respectively. The researchers applied the measure in its final version to the application sample consisting of (50) elderly people, and the results of the study showed that the sample has a high level of social stigma.

The current research aims to know the level of psychological empowerment of educational counselors, and the researcher used the descriptive research method, and identifies the current research with the educational counselors affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Diyala Governorate / Baquba District / Khalis District / Baladrouz District, and for the academic year 2019-2020, where the total community of The research (300) educational counselors, and the measure of psychological empowerment was applied to a sample that consisted of (200) educational counselors. The researcher relied on the (Al-Makdami 2018) scale of psychological empowerment, which was built according to Spritzer’s theory. The psychometric properties of the scale were extracted after it was presented to a number of specialists and arbitrators in psychology, measurement and evaluation, who confirmed the validity of the scale’s application, thus confirming the apparent validity of the scale. The researcher used a number of Statistical methods for processing research data, including (one-sample t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha equation) and the researcher made a number of recommendations and suggestions

The current dissertation aims to identify:
1. Ego resiliency of the university students.
2. The differences of statistical significance in the resiliency of ego in the current research sample according to the sex variables, specialization and the stage.
3. In order to achieve the objectives of this research, the researcher used the descriptive method of correlative studies, where the research society was determined for students of the University of Diyala for the academic year 2016-2017, representing (13) Scientific and Humanities Colleges with humanitarian and scientific specialties, about (4) Colleges with a human specialization and (9) Colleges with a scientific specialization. The sample consisted of (600 male and female students) and were chosen equally by (300) of the Scientific specialties and (300) of Humanitarian specialties.
The researcher constructed the ego resiliency meter prepared by the researcher (2017) and the scale is (46) items. The researcher extracted the psychometric charact

The study of the economic activity of the city of Shiraz until the eighth century AH / fourteenth century AD is an analytical study worthy of studying the causes and consequences that made this city with a prosperous commercial and great economic growth, with the fact that one of the meanings of the name of the city "Shiraz" is an analogy to the lion's hollow because the Meera was It carries it from all sides and does not carry it to another place, and after presenting and analyzing geographical and historical texts, we find that it has enjoyed commercial prosperity and great economic growth.

, and is the highest position under the sultan who possesses absolute power, and he who bears the seal of the sultanate, and the authority to appoint and dismiss him is the right of the sultan only. The sessions of the ministers in the Ottoman Empire were held by his order for the purpose of discusing the affairs of the state, and they met in the Sublime Gate Palace, which is the Topkapi Palace. Also in the Sublime Gate there are all the ministries' offices with the Grand Vizier.
The title of the Grand Vizier was used during the early stages of the Ottoman Empire, and the first to be called the Grand Vizier was the Minister Khalil Pasha Shinderli the Great, Minister of Sultan Murad I. The purpose of this new title is to distinguish the bearer of the Royal Seal from other ministers; Then the new title “Sadr Azam” gradually began to replace the old title, “Vizier greatest,” albeit with the same meaning and rank.
This study falls in an introduction, two axes and a conclusion, namely:
The first axis: the position of the Grand commander during the First World War (1914-1918).
The second axis: the position of the Grand Vizier during the collapse of the Ottoman Empire (1919-1923).
And help be from Almighty God...

(1) İslam Ansiklopadisi , Türkiye Düyanet Vakfı , 35. Cilit ,s. 55

The recent study sheds light on the impact of the rules of Arabic language (Grammatical ones)on the interpretation of the proverbs which includes a collection of the prophetic traditions(Allah's blessing and peace be upon him), and the sayings of his companions and followers (May Allah well pleased with them)in Tafsir Al-tabari .The interpretation was based on two views; the first was the interpreters' views ,whereas the second was the view of the specialists in Arabic, then to get the semio-syntactic study of Quran. Consequently, the researcher intended the practical aspects applied in number of Quranic verses to elucidate the influence of the Arabic rules on the interpretation of the proverbs.

After the fall of Granada in 1462 AD, a new phase of trouble began for the Muslims. The tolerance that prevailed in the past has become hostile and racist positions, exemplified by forced Christianization, plundering of money, and the seizure of property. Finally, expulsion from the country was the dominant feature of the Inquisition. However, the Muslims faced all of this with resistance first, then accepting Christianization in order to preserve their survival in the homeland. Some of them preferred to save themselves and their religion, so they migrated to Africa and elsewhere. However, with the progress of time, a breakthrough occurred in the crisis, and the Muslims were able to recover some of what was taken from them. This is what the journey of Minister Al-Ghassani portrayed for us from his observations during his trip to Spain in the exhumation of the Muslim prisoners.

Kurdish literature, like the literature of other nations in its path, passed through various historical stages, some of which led to its weakening or stagnation, and others to its growth and development, through renewal and modernization by individual or collective efforts, especially the Kifri literary group in the late 1960s, which presented the "prose poem" as a form. Like a new Kurdish poetry in Kurdish literature,our study entitled (the prose poem of the Kifri group, a study on the historical roots) is devoted to dealing with the stages of renewal of Kurdish literature, searching for the historical roots of the prose poem in Kurdish literature and its emergence with the group, and introducing the members of this group, their modernist efforts and their literary outcomes, who carried the banner of a literary revolution that emerged From the cloak of classicalism through the first modernity that "Abdullah Goran" inaugurated in the first half of the last century, in order to prove themselves on the literary and cultural arena through literary works not previously known to Kurdish literature, and this is a anew, untapped study by critics and researchers, which aroused our anger for studying it with an academic methodology that might serve the wheel of Kurdish literary criticism in particular and Iraqi in general

The character in the Arabic novel constituted an important pillar of the fictional work and narrative production, and the idea of the research is to extract the position of Arab critics in general and Iraqis in particular about the impact of the character in the narrative production, and it was limited to presenting critical opinions to critics (the second half of the twentieth century). Arab novels have had the best luck at the creative level and at the level of critical studies that they dealt with, so attention should be drawn to the position of Iraqi critics on the personality element in fictional art.

The subject this research (Romantic Tendency in Rushdie's Al-Amile Poetry) in which the researcher tried to highlight the tendency of romance in his poetry through his poems is a serious study to highlight the manifestations of that romance, which was once a poetic current that invaded the Arab world, including Iraq, which found its echoes in the poems accomplished by Iraqi poets, meditating on that poetic experience with admiration and appreciation. As, their pens began to root out that romantic tendency in an attempt to find an objective equivalent to that romance, which found traces of it. In the product of contemporary Iraqi poets, including Rushdie Al- Amil who found a fresh, sip-up of his poetry so that his poetic poem would be released and his poetic experience refined, and would make him a distinguished romantic poet by adopting that romantic tendency to fly a white bird in the space of contemporary Iraqi poetry.

تناول هذا البحث ما سيق من المسائل النحوية في كتاب (أنموذج الكشاف) لمصنّفه شمس الدين الكرماني (ت786هـ) ، وقد ورد على شكل اعتراضات وردود ؛ إذ ساق المصنّف أقوالًا من تفسير (الكشاف عن حقائق غوامض التنزيل وعيون الأقاويل في وجوه التأويل) للزمخشري (538هـ)، واتبعه باعتراض الفالي السيرافي (ت720هـ) في تفسيره (التقريب في التفسير)، ومن ثم جاء رد الكرماني مصنف (أنموذج الكشاف) على الفالي ، معززًا رده بردود الطيبي (ت743هـ) ، في تفسيره (فتوح الغيب في الكشف عن قناع الريب) ، وكذلك السراجي (ت745هـ) في تفسيره (حاشية الكشف عن مشكلات الكشاف) .

This research aims to read the studies of the Iraqi critic Mohamed Al-Jazairi concerning poetry, and seeks to analyze his critical speech in it. Al-Jazairi discussed Iraqi and Arabic poetic texts and studied their intellectual contents and discussed the phenomena and technical issues in them, resulting in his vision and critical ideas. The researchers tried to illuminate his vision and discuss his ideas and reveal the extent to which it can reach to his critical orientation.

The current study aims to identify the level of social interaction anxiety among the blind people. The researcher used a descriptive research method, as research population included the blind people, whose ages range between (10-18) years at the Al-Noor Institute in Baghdad affiliated to the Iraqi Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, and Private High School of Mr. Hussein Al-Sadr, which is affiliated to the Third Directorate of Karkh Education, and Institute of Nur Imam al-Hussein in Karbala. Their number reached (236) blind people, and the scale was applied to a sample consisting of (200) blind people, who had been chosen based on the stratified random method.

• The old Arab narratives cannot reach their creative climax, and they cannot maintain their survival and continuity without the invention of new mechanisms that necessarily contribute to training the aptitude to go against the prevailing expression of the mechanisms. Because experimentation is not looking for quantity, but rather for quality, and for new mechanisms that produce a new text for us that takes the language out of its familiarity and monotony, and carries with it connotations and rhetoric in all its dimensions.

This study aims at shedding light on the phonemic changes in the infinitive verbs supplied with al-hamza. The infinitive verb is considered one of the morphological parts, which interests in its patterns, also it looks at the consequences of using the infinitive morphemes of the infinitive verb and the changes that occur to Sound Verbs and Unsound Verb, and the scholars called it Alasul Almutarada and they identified the reasons for its occurrence and they according to them (change by addition, deletion, substitution, unsounded, elision, assimilation and inclination). Perhaps what draws attention in the studies of ancient scholars is that they attributed phonemic sounds of different types and forms to phonetics and facilitation, which is the first focal point in modern linguistic studies. This research deals with the definition of Unsounded and its types and the phonetic changes in the infinitive verbs unsound with Al-alf, Al-ain and Al-lam. It also sheds light on the most important opinions that were mentioned in them, then a conclusion that included the most important results that were concluded from the study.

The research aimed to analyze the exercises included in the Arabic language book for the first intermediate grade (part one, and part two) according to Bloom's classification. For the exercises included in the Arabic language book for the first intermediate grade? The current research was determined in the academic year 2018/2019, and in the Arabic language book for the first intermediate grade (Part One, Part Two), and the researcher chose the content analysis method. The analysis process is as follows: application, understanding, knowledge, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. The researcher also reached a set of conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions.

The European continent suffers from the presence of some separatist tendencies, as it becomes clear the impact of racial and ethnic variables driving towards the crystallization of separatist conflicts that led to the success of some of them in the establishment of sovereign states, while the other failed to achieve this, the research focused on the importance of matching geographical, cultural and political criteria In the success of separatist trends, he also focused on the role of the policies imposed by the mother state in curbing or exacerbating the separatist trend through the level of justice in the distribution of wealth between the regions, and what are the rights and duties of those oppressed and abused minorities, so the research focused on presenting a model of separatist movements in the continent The European countries, whose countries are democratic and regular states, and to clarify where lies the problem of those minorities who wish to secede, and despite the efforts made by the European Union in its march towards integration and unity and the gatherings and blocs witnessed in the world, whether economic or strategic, which are based on Common interestsAnd the emergence of the phenomenon of separatist movements in Europe, declaring their desire for secession based on (regional identity) by mobilizing and fueling national and ethnic sentiments such as (Basque - Catalan - Galicia in Spain and Scotland in the United Kingdom, Lombardy and Veneto in Italy, Flanders and others, some of them see separation along the lines of What happened in Yugoslavia as a claim for its usurped rights and as an encouraging step for separatist movements in other countries.

This study dealt with the role played by the sons of prophet Ismail in converting the Hanafi religion, the religion of their fathers Ibrahim and Ismail (peace be upon them), to stones worship after they increased in number until they filled Mecca. Due to their huge numbers, their living conditions became so tough and hard. Because of this, many wars and hostilities took place amongst them up to the extent that some of them started to banish and expel the others. So, they began to disperse in the country in search of their living and out of fear and hatred that there would be fighting in Mecca, especially in the Haram (Kaaba). Therefore, the people of power among them embarked on making money from grazing camels, cows and sheep. Because of this, their money is not long to be raised and multiplied to the degree that wherever they went, they prevailed over the people of those places due to the power of their religion.

The study aimed to identify the grades assessment way and its effect on the psychometrics properties of multiple choices test which required two correct alternatives. The multiple choices test required two correct alternatives was made in the math for the third level in middle school for the (Unit of Polynomial). The data of study was collected from (123) male students of the third level of middle school in 1440/1441year from AL-Qunfudhah Governorate education administration. The results of the study showed there were significant differences (P=0.01) for the correlation of the item and the total scores of The multiple choices test required two correct alternatives, also there were significant differences (P=0.01) between means of difficulty and discrimination of coefficients for multiple choices test which required two correct alternatives for the full knowledge of the grades assessment, and there were not significant differences for the test reliability caused by the grades assessment.

In this study a high-resolution image used to detect the geomorphic and hydraulic response of a fluvial system to human-induced environmental change in reach. Many dramatic changes observed on both riparian included land use, channel morphology and sedimentation, based on a spatial analysis of space images (2008-2020). Analysis of 12 selected channel cross-section with 3d images and photographs unveiled a major change in morphology and sedimentation of the reach During the period of the study : the magnitude of change difference for each selected cross section between (2008-2020) was (161.81 to -82.43) m reflected the human-induced environmental change in reach , Sinuosity index varied between (1.005-2.01m) so the reach contained one straight and tow meanders . The spatial pattern of land cover within the reach also changed considerably: highly degraded orchards and green cover land on each riparian was removed and some of islands was cultivate, others used for fish breeding while others used for tourism and recreation. a large and fast changes in the spatial context of land use within the reach during 12 years. This suggests that the response of the reach to land-use change not only depends on discharges and other hydrological properties, but also on the spatial pattern of LULC change within the reach. This research highlighting on changes of not only of LULC on banks only but also concentrated on channel morphology, meandering processes and channel adjustment in a fine-grained alluvial setting, finally this study demonstrates the processes of channel morphology change due to human disturbances.