Iraqi Journal of Cancer and Medical Genetics

GABARAP gene has an essential role in the autophagic process through its involvement in the maturation of the autophagosome. The role of GABARAP in tumorigenesis is not yet clarified. It is ubiquitously expressed in all tested normal tissues, while its expression in tumors is divers. Autophagy could induce by Oncogenic Ras to handle the metabolic stress and support cell survival. In this study, we found that GABARAP knockout mice exhibited significantly less tumor formation than wildtype mice after 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene treatment. Different types of tumor developed in the mice (skin, mammary, lymphoma and liver tumors). Furthermore, the tumor occurrence started earlier in wild-type mice compared to GABARAP knockout animals, and the tumor sizes in wild-type mice were obviously larger in most of induced tumors compared to the tumors formed in GABARAP KO mice. No H-ras mutation detected in the tumors of GABARAP knockout mice compared to 5 mutations in 14 tumors of the wild-type mice which revealed by mutation analysis of tumors induced by DMBA. In conclusion, the absence of H-ras mutation in DMBA-induced tumors of GABARAP KO mice indicates the significance of GABARAP gene in tumor progression that need further studies to clarify the exact role.

Digestive system tumors, including esophageal carcinoma considered one of the fatal tumors with a high mortality rate. The search for effective therapeutics is necessary to improve cancer patients’ survival. The classical cancer therapy showed many health problem during long time treatment, therefore alternative medicine needful to improve cancer treatment and reduce side effects. Herbal medicine is the origin of the most effective current cancer therapeutics.parsley (Petroselinum sativum) plant possess multiple pharmacological properties that drive attention to be tested for cancer therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the anti- tumor efficacy of 70% ethanolic extract of parsley (Petroselinum sativum) leaves against human esophageal cancer cell line (SK-GT-4) and normal rat embryonic cells (REF). The assessment of the cytotoxicity effect of the extract was carried out by crystal violet assay for determining viability of cells CV. Parsley ethanolic extract has reduced the viability of esophageal cancer cells, and the maximum inhibition rate was 39.68 % at the dose of 500 μg/ml. The corresponding values for the normal embryonic (REF) cell (as inhibition rate) were 82% under the same experimental conditions and doses. In conclusion, the result revealed that, although the ethanolic extract has a cytotoxic effect on both esophageal cancer (SKGT-4) and normal embryonic (REF) cells, but the effectiveness against cancer cells was less evident.

Background: Annona reticulata used in traditional medicines for epilepsy, dysentery, constipation, cardiac problems and as insecticide. Annona reticulata seeds extracts contain active acetogenins compounds. Aim of study : The study aimed to investigate the possible antiangiogenic activity of Annona reticulata extracts. Material and method: The sequential extraction process with two solvents used to extracts grinded seeds of A. reticulata in the following order according to increment in polarity: n-hexane and ethanol.CAM assay and Ex-vivo rat aorta assay was used to identify the antiangiogeneic activity of both extracts and determine the most biological active extract. Results: According to CAM assay, there was a statistically higher percent of inhibition zone during exposure to bevacizumab and the two extracts of A. reticulata at both concentrations when compared with DMSO, as a negative control group (p-value ≤ 0.05). Meanwhile, n-hexane extract at only higher concentration (500 μg/5μl) showed a significantly greater zone of inhibition compared with bevacizumab group (p-value ≤ 0.05).Data of rat aorta rings assay that represented as mean of blood vessels growth inhibition revealed a statistically higher percentage of inhibition in bevacizumab and both extracts of A. reticulata treated group compared with negative control group (p-value ≤ 0.05). In this study, the percent of growth inhibition after exposure to n-hexane was approach to that of bevacizumab, where no significant difference was observed between both groups (p-value > 0.05), while group that treated with ethanol extract showed statistically lower percent of growth inhibition compared with n-hexane and bevacizumab treated groups (p-value ≤ 0.05). The results of this assay for the five concentrations of ethanol and n-hexane extract showed a significant reduction in blood vessels growth in a concentration- dependent manner (P ≤ 0.05) compared with negative control. The IC50, n-hexane was 74.95μg/ml while the value of IC50 for ethanol 95.89. Conclusion : According to the results of these assays the n-hexane was considered as more potent antiangiogenic extract compared to ethanol.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) or in another term, tumor intimation cells (TICs), represent a small distinct subpopulations cells within cancer cells which have capability for potential self-regeneration and cell proliferation. During division, TICs or CSCs produced two deferent cell types; one cell is progenitor cell and anther is tumor cell that drive tumor initiation and tumor progression. Previous studies on cancer stem cell markers in solid tumor types that including breast cancer, colon cancer and thyroid cancer have using specific markers to detect cancer stem cells, but it is remain not fully clear as the stem cell stairway these markers collapse. In this study we compounded moreover by the existence of multiple cancer stem cell subtypes within solid tumors, making realization depending on the use of different markers. This mini review paper concentrate on the recent information in cancer stem cell markers including aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1A1), CD44 , ATP binding protein G2( ABCG2) or breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and OCT3/4 highlight their used and validity in Iraqi patients with solid tumors.

Anew compound of indoleSchiff base derivatives have been synthesized by reaction of 2-(5-Chloro-3,3-dimethyl-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-ylidene)-malonaldehyde with 4-methoxy aniline. The chemical structure of the synthesized compound was characterized by TLC, FT-IR, 1H, 13C NMR and APT 13C NMR. The in vitro anticancer activity of the newly synthesized compound tested against AMJ13 breast cancer cell line. The revealed data showed that compound have promising anticancer activity. AMJ13 cell line was time dependent in both 40 and 60 μg/ml and the ideal inhibition rate to AMJ13 cells growth is 66 and 68 % after 72hs. of exposure. However, the lower concentration 20 μg/ml also displayed cytotoxicity against the tested cell line with 50 and 68 % inhibition rate determined after 48 and 72hs. of exposure. The Concentrations 10 and 20 μg/ml gave less than 10% inhibition rate when tested against REF cell line viability for 24, 48 and 72hs. Schiff bases compoundssuggested to have a potential effect by inhibitingcancer cell line, and further studies needed to determine the mechanism of their antitumor activity.

Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the commonest leukemia in western countries. The disease typically occurs in elderly patients and has a highly variable clinical course, transformation is initiated by specific genomic changes that impair apoptosis of clonal B‐cells. C-X-C Motif chemokine Ligand 12(CXCL12) is a chemotactic factor for T cells and monocytes, and in B cell lymphopoiesis and bone marrow myelopoiesis. CXCL12 is a 68-amino acid small (8 kDa) cytokine that belongs to the CXC chemokine family. It had been reported as key mediator for angiogenesis and inflammation, also it expressed by bone marrow stromal cells in CLL patients and it is responsible for CLL cells chemotaxis in to the tissue microenvironments. Aims of the study: To assess CXCL12 expression in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and to correlate their expression with different clinicopathological and hematological parameters . Materials and Methods: the study included 80 subjects divided in to two groups: Patient group included 40 adult patients with CLL and control group included 40 healthy age and gender-matched controls. All hematological parameters were done by automated hematological analyzer. Serum CXCL12 was estimated in both patients and control subjects by ELISA technique. Analysis of data was carried out using the available statistical package of SPSS-25 (Statistical Packages for Social Sciences-version 25). Results: Serum CXCL12 expression was significantly higher in CLL patients compared to controls .There was significant inverse correlation between CXCL12 expression and hemoglobin level and significant direct correlation between its expression and total W.B.C. Count and absolute lymphocyte count , significant direct correlation had been also found between CXCL12 expression and advanced Ria stage .Conclusions: CXCL 12 expression was significantly higher in CLL patients than control group, there is significant inverse correlation between CXCL 12 and hemoglobin levels, significant direct correlation between its expression and total W.B.C. count and absolute lymphocyte count , there was no correlation between CXCL12 expression and platelets count and Serum level of CXCL12 is directly correlated with advanced Ria stage.