Diyala Journal of Medicine

Background: Metastasis associated protein-1 (MTA1) has been a recently identified as a
unique gene playing important role in tumorigenesis and progression of cancer cells.
Objective:To evaluate MTA1 expression and its predictive value in determining histologic
grade of salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC).
Patients and Methods: MTA1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in
paraffin-embedded tumor specimens blocks from 22 patients. Assessment of MTA1
immunostaining was achieved by counting the proportion of positively-stained tumor cells in
5 high power microscopic fields; and staining was analyzed in relation to clinicopathological
variables.
Results: MTA1 show nuclear and cytoplasmic expression in varying intensity in 95% of cases.
No significant correlation was found between MTA1expression and age, gender, site of the
tumor (p>0.05). However, statistically significant correlation was found between
MTA1expression and clinical stage, nodal involvement (p=0.009 and 0.007; respectively).
Regarding histologic grade, high MTA1 level was significantly associated with grade of tumors
categorized by Auclair and Brandwein systems (<0.001 and 0.009; respectively).
Conclusion:MTA1 expression significantly correlates with tumor grade and progression, and
has a potential role in diagnosis and prediction of behavior in salivary MEC.

Background: Cigarette smoking habit is widely distribute in the whole world, obviously this
bad habit responsible on many diseases which affect the general personal health of the
smokers through its effect on the organs of the body in general and the immune system in
particular.
Objective:To determination of the smoking effect on some immunity parameters and
compare the results with the non-smokers by using IFN-γ, CD4+and CD8+.
Patients and Methods: 45 of smokers blood samples and 44 of non-smokers blood samples
are collected. The levels of cellular of IFN-γ,CD4+and CD8+has been determined by using
sandwich ELISA test.
Results: The study included 45 smoker that have the average age of 29.60 ( ± ) 10.36 year,
while the healthy non-smokers group have 44 person who's have the average age of 26.56 ( ± )
9.09 years old. When comparing the level of CD4+T cells ,CD8+T and the level of IFN-γwith
the number of cigarettes consumed per day, the class (20-1) was found to be the highest average
of T cells.while (40-21) were less than average, with no significant difference. When comparing
the level of CD4+T cells and the level of CD8+T cells with IFN-γwith smoking duration, the
highest mean T-cell (10-6) years and the lowest mean (25-21). The results of the present study
showed a statistically significant association between CD4+, CD8+and IFN-γmolecules.
Conclusion: The general results of the tests on the effect of smoking on immunologic
markers CD4+, CD8+and IFN-γassumed an increase in the ratio of the three indicators
compared to the control group.

Background: Ulcerative colitis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease. Perinuclear anti-
neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies have been described in patients with inflammatory bowel
disease, mainly ulcerative colitis, their role in pathogenesis and diagnostic value are still
contentious.
Objective: This study targeted at evaluating the incidence of auto antibodies against
lactoferrin and lysozyme which belongs to perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies
and measurement the levels of C-reactive protein ,Study the relationship between anti-
lactorferrin and anti-lysozyme antibodies , Study the association between anti-lactorferrin,
anti-lysozyme antibodies and C-reactive protein concentration among ulcerative colitis
patients.
Patients and Methods: Fifty patients with ulcerative colitis be present at Al-Kadhimiya
Teaching Hospital in Baghdad-Iraq and 25 healthy subjects were selected as the control
group. Enzyme linked immune sorbent assay technique was used to detect the anti-lactoferrin
and lysozyme antibody in sera of patients and healthy control groups and C- reactive protein
was measured by qualitative and semi quantitative agglutination methods.
Results: The results of study have showed the male were more affected with UC than female
with ratio (1.2:1). The study showed statistically important variances for anti-lactoferrin and
lysozyme antibodies between patients and control groups. The present study shown that the
(30%) and (38%) of ulcerative colitis patients were seropositive for anti-lactoferrin and
lysozyme antibodies, respectively.
Conclusion: The prevalence of anti-lactoferrin and anti-lysozyme antibodies were similar to
that reported in previous studies and their presence was associated with severity of ulcerative
colitis .

Background:Hypertension is one of the most common disorders affecting on the heart,blood
vessels , brain and kidney and it is considered is a very common disease and frequent with
diabetes , Conversely, it is responsible for one of four premature deaths in developed
countries.
Objective: To evaluate the most important factors that cause hypertensive and to study their
effects on patients .
Patients and Methods: This study was conducted at Baquba Teaching Hospital in the
recovery unit for the period from 1/10/2017 until 1/3/2018 The study included 100 patients
with hypertensive (44 male , 56 female) to compare them with 25 healthy persons (11 male ,
14female) , was measuring blood pressure and has been done a questionnaire for each patient
included (Age, BMI , Smoking , Number of hours sleep , Drinking beverages , Chronic
diseases) and then by revulsion (2 cc) of blood to measured fasting blood glucose .
Results: The results of the study indicates that there is a significant differences at p<0.05 levels
of systolic blood pressure , fasting blood glucose , hours of sleep , soft drinks , chronic diseases
, smoking .
Conclusion: The increase in smoking , soft drinks affects on the level of blood pressure
directly, and the decrease of sleep associated with high blood pressure , and most diabetics
patients are more prone to hypertension.

Background: The previous laboratory investigations confirmed local polio case was
informed on 28th January 2000 and another two wild polio cases were reported from Resafa \
Baghdad province in 2014. The date of onset of these cases were February and April 2014
and both cases were connected to 2013 of Syria outbreak.
Objective:To evaluate the knowledge and attitudes levels towards polio vaccination among
staff of Technical Institute - AL-Suwaira.
Patients and Methods: A study of cross-sectional design consisted of 170 a selected
samples of Technical Institute \ AL-Suwaira staff members. Collected during January
2018.The knowledge and attitudes levels estimated by using typical design of self-
administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to explain the results.
Results: Over all, 170 participants reacted to the questionnaire by a response rate of 93.5%. All
respondents established a good knowledge and positive attitudes levels to poliovirus
vaccination. Mean knowledge score (built on11 knowledge questions) and mean attitude score
(built on 10 attitudes statements) of participants about polio vaccine were 14.45±2.38 and
26.5±4.5 respectively. The mainstream of respondents agreed that all children should be taken
the polio vaccine (88.2%), and the sterility concerns that associated with polio vaccines
(14.1%). Television (n=126, 39%) and Internet (n = 66, 21%) were the main social media
sources that used by staff members to educate and modify themselves about polio vaccination.
Knowledge defects were recognized in the management issues and how to dealing with
vaccines (45.9%), the incubation period of poliovirus infection (38.8%) and the consequences
of the poliovirus infection (56.5%) on the victims.
Conclusion: Staff members of Technical Institute \ AL-Suwaira showed a good knowledge
and positive attitudes levels about polio vaccination. Even though the statistics are indicative
of knowledge gaps of participants, further studies are needed to assess these levels for better
education program against polio.

Background: Scars result from chronic wound healing response , leaving behind fibrotic
tissue due to irregular collagen formation . There are different types of scar including
atrophic , hypertrophic, contracture and keloid scars. Available scar revision therapies
depend on the type of scar , and range from topical creams for mild scarring , to grafting in
the case of large , traumatic scars . Laser scar revision is an effective method for treating a
wide rang of scars that improves skin texture and pigment as well as functional aspects .
Objective:To evaluate the results of using fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of surgical
and traumatic scars.
Patients and Methods: A prospective study in which 35 patients with surgical and traumatic
scars situated on different areas of the face , and of different types and size , they were
10(28.6%) males and 25(71.4%) females , their ages ranged from (8-60) years, with a mean
age (27.2±8) years . The study was conducted in a private clinic in Kalar City , Al-
Sulaymania Province for the period from January 2015 to December 2016 . They were
examined and assessed regarding the type of scars , size , duration and previous therapy as
well as the reasons behind the consultation of doctor . The patients were divided into three
groups according to the type of scar , atrophic , hypertrophic and keloid . All patients were
treated by fractional CO2 laser , different number of sessions were done at monthly interval
after topical application of emila for induction of anesthesia , for 45 minutes . The response
to treatment was classified into three degrees , good, moderate and poor response .
Results: The patients were divided into three groups according to the type of scar , they were
atrophic scar 30(85.7%) patients , hypertrophic 3(8.6%) patients and keloid 2(5.7%) patients .
The response to treatment in those with atrophic scars was good in 25(71.4%) patients and
moderate in 5(14.3%) , while all patients with hypertrophic scars shows moderate response and
those with keloid shows poor response. The sex and age had no significant effects on the
response to treatment . Some patients 8(11.4%) developed hyperpigmentation at the site of
therapy , specially those with darker skin (type-4) .
Conclusion: It was concluded that fractional CO2 laser was a good therapeutic selection for
the treatment of atrophic surgical and traumatic scars specially in those with white skin
complexi

Background:Glucose -6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the commonest
genetic disorder and is one of the most frequent red cell enzymopathies worldwide,
Individuals with this disorder are prone to jaundice and hemolysis upon exposure to certain
triggers, including fava bean consumption & certain drugs
Objective:To determine the rate of G6PD deficiency among neonate with jaundice and in
relation to certain epidemiological character in Baquba city.
Patients and Methods: This cross sectional study includes (155) neonates from both sex,
males (106) and females (49) From 1st February to 30th July 2018, in neonatal care unit in
Albatool Teaching Hospital in Baquba city, the diagnosis was done by ELISA test to detect
G6PD deficiency among neonate with jaundice.
Results: Out of 155 neonates, showed male neonates & female neonate, 39 (97.5%), 1 (2.5%)
respectively were found to have G6PD deficiency, the mean age among G6PD deficient and
normal 3.0±1.6; 4.3±2.4 days respectively, with significant difference (P 0.001), the mean TSB
level among G6PD deficient neonate, normal neonates were 17.4±3.55, 15.9±3.19 (mg/100 ml)
respectively with significant difference (P 0.014).
Conclusion: The rate of G6PD deficiency was (25.8%) among the studied neonates, It was
discovered more among first, second and third age of life and it was more among male than
femal

Background: The Snodgrass technique is a widely accepted method for hypospadias repair.
Snodgrass has a urethroplasty of tubularized incised plate (TIP) type for repair of distal
penile hypospadias. It was with encouraging results and also applied to hypospadias of
proximal type.
Objective:To evaluate Conducting surgical techniques performed to repair the submicillator.
Patients and Methods: In this study, we follow the patient post operatively within three
months after performing this technique and notice its final outcome with respect to
postoperative complications and outcome, with emphasis on meatal stenosis, fistula
formation, residual chordee and penile torsion.
Results: We reviewed the results of 60 cases treated by Snodgrass urethroplasty between
March 2012 and February 2014at the urological department in Tikrit Teaching Hospital. In this
study, performed Snodgrass technique on 60 cases for primary hypospadias , The boys age at
time of operation ranged from 18 months to 14 years. The mean age of the children was 5
years. Complications occurred in 8 patients (13.3%). Aurethrocutaneous fistula occurred in 6
patients (10%). three (5%) of these patients with u.c.fistula associated with meatal stenosis .
one patient develop meatal stenosis only and Penile torsion was recorded postoperatively in
one patient also.
Conclusion: A shorter urethral plate incision, use of a lateral and preputial dartos flap to
cover the neourethra and more extensive skin degloving in Snodgrass urethroplasty reduce
the rate of complications.

Background: The electromagnetic field used with industrial, and also simultaneous action of
those fields on the intensity of bone turnover process in rats was estimated by means of
analysis of densitometry. The obtained effect was dependent on frequency and power density
of used electromagnetic fields .There was improved in quality of the water when exposed to
the electromagnetic field with significant changes in the minerals and organic matter
.Therefore it’s penetration into cell wall would be facilitated, which can accelerate ordinary
diffusion of water. That is vital for growth and development of different organs .Exposing
the water to strong magnetic fields affect in the water`s mineral content , and its effects
depended on the "strength of the magnetic field and exposure time".
Objective:To study the effect of depreciation the magnetizing water on bone density and
osteoporosis for rats.
Patients and Methods: In this study It was concluded (14) rat and divided to two groups, A
and B "7 rats for each group". Group A feed normal water for 24 days, and group B feed
magnetized water for 24 days. The magnetized system that used to magnetized the water
consist of 4200 rolled silk around iron tube , and it is connected to the continuous power
supply "220 V". and used Digital Gauss meter to measure the magnetic flux equal to
0.9mT. After 24 daily consumption of the magnetized water measure the bone density by
DXA scan devise that use to measure the bone mineral density" BMD", bone mineral content
"BMC", T-score and Z-score .Comparing the result of " T-score, Z-score, BMD and BMC "
between group A and B of the animals after 24 days from consumption the magnetized water.
Results: The study shows enhancing in the biological activity in rats that consumption the
magnetized, by repairing and turnover the bones in comparing to other group that use normal
water.
Conclusion: The current study represented the consumptions of magnetized water increase
the ability of bone repair and turnover.

Background:The main reasons for admission to the medical wards in high –income countries are non
communicable diseases While communicable diseases are the main reasons for admission to the
medical wards in low and middle income countries. However, the reasons for admission are changing
from communicable diseases to non-communicable diseases in some low and middle income
countries.
Objective: To assess the frequency and the pattern of medical diseases for patients admitted to the
medical wards of Sulaimani Teaching Hospital during the year 2015.
Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in Sulaimani Teaching Hospital for
26700 medical records of the patients who were admitted to the medical wards during the year 2015
(started from 1st January to 31th December), All the patients that had been admitted to the medical
wards of Sulaimani Teaching Hospital during the year 2015 were referred from medical emergency
department and outpatient clinics in addition to the private clinics. The data were obtained from
medical records of the patients in statistic unit of the hospital. The variables involved in the study
included age of the patients, gender, residency and final diagnosis.
Results: This study included 26700 patients that have been admitted to Sulaimani Teaching Hospital,
14853 (55.62%) were females and 11847(44.38%) were males. Most admitted age groups were between
51- 60 years (18.16%) followed by 61-70 years (17.52%) ,71 years and more (16.58%) , 41-50 years
(14.92%) ,21-30 years (13.36%) , 31-40 years (12.79%) while the least admitted age group was less than
20 years (6.67%), 62.85% of the patients were from urban areas and 37.15% were from rural areas.
Gastroenteritis was the most common medical illness (6.45%), followed by CerebroVascular Accidant
CVA (6.27%),Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease COPD (5.52%),Hypertension HT
(4.25%),Diabetes Mellitus DM (4.23%),Bronchial Asthma (2.80%),Heart Failure HF
(2.60%),Pneumonia (2.28%),Urinary Tract Infection UTI(1,92%),Anaemia (1.86%) ,Miscellaneous
diseases(35.78%) and finally the diseases that not diagnosed (26.04%).The highest number of
admissions were in Summer comprising (26.96%) of all admissions followed by in Autumn (25,10%)
then in Spring (24,34%) and the lowest in Winter comprising (23.60%) of all admissions.The highest
number of admission were in July comprising (9.42%) of all admissions followed by June(8.87%),
October(8.72%),August(8.68%),May(8.43%),September(8.36%)
December(8.30%),April(8.15%),November(8.02%),January(7.97%),March(7.76%) and the lowest in
February(7.32%) of all admissions.
Conclusion: The commonest age group for admission is 51-60 year. Admission rate more
common in females than in males and it is more common in Summer than in Winter. There is a
seasonal variation in the hospital admission. The non-communicable diseases represent the main
causes for medical admission than the communicable diseases.

Background: Computer video games require great attention and focus, the more exposure to
interactive media, the more exposure to challenges that will recommend players to play
better and gain more intelligence.
Objective: To identify the health effects on children under five years using computer –based
video games by electronic devices including mobile phone,computer and ipad.
Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Batul teaching hospital,
for the period from the first of September /2016 to the 15th January \2017. The study sample
included (100) of children aged 1-5 years, attending the hospital for the purpose of treatment,
or accompanying their mothers. The Data collected through a questionnaire designed by the
researchers.
Results: Revealed that there was statistical significance relationship between electronic devices
and mother's educational level which is more in mother with college educational level. There is
no significant relationship between children using electronic devices and there residence. High
significant statistical relation -ship between children using electronic device and health
problems (p -value equal to <0.001), mainly shown for children using electronic device and
decrease appetite, hyperactivity, lack of sleep and with attention defect.
Conclusion:Computer-based vedio games associated with behavioral changes like
hyperactivity, attention deficit, lack of sleep and loss of appetite