Journal of Basrah Researches (Sciences)

The research reconsidered the sequences of the Late Cretaceous stratigraphic column represented by the formations of (Ahmadi, Rumaila, Mishrif/Kafl, Khasib, Tanuma, Saadi, Hartha, Shiransh and Tiyarat) in southern Iraq, through the study of nine oil wells distributed in nine oil fields, which are (Ghulaisan, Diwan, Arfidain, Amara, Halfaya, Abu Khaima, Rumaila al-Shamali, West Qurna, and Majnoun), where the research relied on the principles of stratigraphic sequences in the analysis The stratigraphic analysis was used to provide a clearer and more comprehensive picture of the formations of the research area. The Late Cretaceous sequences were characterized by deep basinal calcareous facies in general with cases of relative shallowing that were mainly caused by the factor of global sea level change. The research also tried to provide a clear picture of the change in the absorption space during the Late Cretaceous period by relying on the cycles of base level changes that proved the existence of four cycles. Half a cycle of the third degree in the southern and southwestern parts and only four cycles in the northern and northeastern parts of the study area. This was clarified by means of the two comparison sections, where the distinctive stratigraphic surfaces were identified, the most important of which were the maximum flood surfaces, and their number was five maximum flood surfaces that contained four inherent stratigraphic sequences. The research concluded by dividing the paths of the systems as a general view as follows: The Ahmadi Formation and the Rumaila Formation represent the path of the inundation system, while the Mishrif Formation represents the path of the high system, while the Kafel Formation, which is equivalent to it, represents the path of the low system, and the Khasib Formation represents the path of the inundation system, while the Tanuma Formation and the lower part of the Saadi Formation represent the path of the high system, while the upper part of the Saadi Formation is within the path of the system. The submerged formation represents the Hartha Formation of the upper system path, and the Shirnish Formation is within the submerged system path, while the final formation of the upper Cretaceous is the Tayarat Formation, which represents the upper system path. The kinetic activity of the compressional phase type in the Late Cretaceous period had a great impact on drawing the physiographical features of the sedimentary basin, and its impact was evident in the disappearance of the Tayarat Formation in some of the study wells, especially in the wells of eastern Maysan.

In this research, the design, manufacture and performance of the vertical solar still were studied. Two solar stills were manufactured, one with one evaporative side and the other with two sides, each 0.4 m long and 0.4 m wide. Each side is covered with a piece of black cotton cloth soaked with the water to be distilled. Both stills are equipped with an external mirror for the purpose of directing the sun's rays towards the absorbing surface. From the experimental results, it was noted that the daily productivity of the two-sided still exceeds the daily productivity of the single-sided still by 18.6%.

The lattice thermal conductivity of the compound was calculated with a variable temperature and values ​​of the Debye temperature using Awad model. The study reached a good agreement between the experimental and theoretical values ​​of the lattice thermal conductivity. The study took into account the phonon scattering at the crystal boundaries, point defects and the triple phonon scattering. D was shown in the calculations of the lattice thermal conductivity of the ZnS compound.

This research included the preparation of poly(ortho-unsdine) using the chemical polymerization method. The prepared polymer was characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy. The optical properties of the thin films deposited on glass substrates with a thickness of 240 nm were studied using the Spin coating technique. The optical measurements included measuring the absorbance and transmittance for the wavelength range 300-900 α, energy gap 7200 CE, where the absorption coefficient (UV type) (nm) was calculated using the device The direct energy gap is 2.85 eV = Eg, the indirect energy gap is E'g = 2.53ev, the refractive index n, the optical constants = E0, the third-order nonlinearity is 2.24 = 7.41 Ed, the single oscillation energy eV represented by the dispersion energy eV. M-3 = 0.6277, M-1 = 3.33, and the momentum and coefficients are X(3) = 1.9431*10-12 (esu)

The current experiment was conducted for the period from 2/2/2009 to 2/2/2009 on one-year-old young olive plants that tolerate the salinity of irrigation water in Basra Governorate, with the aim of improving. The experiment included (24) treatments, in which three factors were interacted: salicylic acid levels (zero and 200 mg/L), and salinity levels (irrigated greens and turfs). The effects of irrigation water (zero, 16 and 20 dSi) and irrigation water (zero, 8 and 4) were studied. Vegetative growth (plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter) 4 dS.m. (1-) led to a significant increase in most growth characteristics under experiment, while salinity levels (8, 12, 16 and 20 dS.m. (1-) led to a significant decrease in all vegetative growth characteristics. The two olive cultivars (Khadhrawi and Khostawi) differed in their response to salinity levels, as The Khadrawi cultivar was superior in most of the studied vegetative growth traits compared to the Khastawi cultivar. The external treatment with salicylic acid at a concentration of 200 mg/L reduced the damage of irrigation water salinity on the vegetative growth traits of both cultivars, but the Khastawi cultivar was more responsive to the treatment.

The study included the extraction of pepsin enzyme (3.4.23.1% 2 w/v), and then precipitated with ammonium sulfate at a saturation rate of 65: using 10% saline solution at a rate of (1 to increase the concentration, the enzyme's lytic and coagulant activity was 0.745 and 11.687 (unit/ml) respectively, which led to an increase in the ratio of coagulant activity/lytic activity, which was 16.408, which is considered an important criterion in adopting alternatives to rennet 6.5, and the coagulant activity decreased - traditional. It was found that the optimum pH for the coagulant activity of the enzyme ranged between 5 with a high pH of 7, and the optimum temperature for pepsin's coagulant activity was at 45 m, and it was noted that increasing the concentration of sodium chloride led to a significant decrease in the activity. A. B. Fish pepsin was used in the manufacture of soft white cheese
and compared With cheese produced with traditional rennet, it was noted that the percentage of dissolved nitrogen/total nitrogen increased for the two models with increasing storage period (1, 3, 5 and 7) days at refrigerator temperature. The results of the chemical composition and sensory evaluation of cheese produced with fish pepsin were similar to cheese produced with traditional rennet.

The study was conducted in Basra Governorate, Abu Al-Khaseeb area, for the 2011 season, to know the effect of bagging with several types of bags (brown paper, black polyethylene, and white polyethylene) on the concentration of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, and calcium in the fruits of date palms, Al-Halawi variety, during the stage of bagging treatment with brown paper. The results showed that the lowest rate of nitrogen concentration in increasing the concentration of The nitrogen element was significantly increased as it reached (1622) mg, while there were significant differences between (478) mg. The results showed that the white polyethylene bagging treatment in the maturation stage did not affect the phosphorus and potassium concentrations. The brown paper bagging treatment in the Khalal stage led to a significant increase in the calcium concentration compared to the other treatments as it reached ( 0.520 (gm) while the white polyethylene bagging treatment at the date stage led to a reduction in the concentration of calcium to 253 (mg). It is clear from these results that extending the period of bagging the fruit clusters using brown paper leads to an increase in the content of nitrogen and calcium in the fruit at the Khalal stage, and thus these fruits are suitable for storage.

The study was conducted in one of the orchards of Abi Al-Khaseeb / Basra Governorate for the season 2011 AD to study the effect of potassium spraying on some characteristics of date palm fruits, Al-Halawi variety. The treatments included: the comparison treatment (without spraying), two treatments of spraying the inflorescences after the pollen opens and before pollination with a concentration of 1 and 2% potassium sulfate, and two treatments of spraying the fruits at the Hababok stage with a concentration of 1 and 2% potassium sulfate. The results showed that the comparison treatment was significantly superior in reducing the percentage of fruit drop at the Rutab stage, which did not differ significantly from the two treatments of spraying the fruits at the Hababok stage with a concentration of 1 and 2% potassium sulfate. 2% potassium sulphate and the treatment of spraying fruits at the habbouk stage with a concentration of 2% potassium sulphate was superior to the other treatments significantly in increasing the fruit weight, increasing the water content of the fruits and increasing the concentration of potassium element in the fruits significantly. The treatment of spraying the inflorescences after the pollen opening and before pollination with a concentration of 1% potassium sulphate was superior in increasing the percentage of total soluble solids and increasing the percentage of ripe fruits significantly While spraying fruits at the Hababok stage with 2% potassium sulphate concentration recorded the lowest rate for mature fruits.