Diyala Journal of Medicine

Background: The study showed that magnetized green tea has effects on bone regeneration,
bone density and the amount of this effect depends on the intensity of the power and the
frequency of the electromagnetic field emitted. The properties of green tea change when
exposed to magnetic fields so that its contents change from metals and organic materials and
be flexible and easy to penetrate the cell wall and increase the speed of proliferation. This
change in properties is necessary for organ growth and the amount of effect depends on the
strength of the electromagnetic field and the time of exposure. The study showed that is an
improved in quality of the green tea when exposed to the electromagnetic field with
significant changes in the minerals and organic matter .Therefore it’s penetration into cell
wall would be facilitated, which can accelerate ordinary diffusion of green tea. That is vital
for growth and development of different organs .Exposing the green tea to strong magnetic
fields affect in the green tea mineral content , and its effects depend on the "strength of the
magnetic field and exposure time".
Objective: To study on the effect of consumption of magnetized green tea on bone density
and osteoporosis in rats.
Patients and Methods: In this study (14) rats were included and these divided into two
groups, A and B "7 rats for each group" were included, Group A were fed normal water for
21 days, and group B were fed magnetized green tea for 21 days. The magnetize system that
used to magnetized green tea, this consist of 7000 rolls of iron wire around iron tube where
was magnetized green tea with 1400 rolls, which is connected to the continuous power
supply "220 V". Digital Gauss meter was used to measure the magnetic flux which is equal
to 0.9 (mT). After 21 daily consumption of the magnetized green tea, the bone density was
measured by DXA scan device that is used to measure the bone mineral density" BMD",
bone mineral content "BMC", T-score and Z-score. Comparing the result of "T-score, Z-
score, BMD and BMC" between group A and B of the animals after 21 days of consumption
the magnetized green tea.
Results: The study shows an enhancement in the biological activity in rats that consumed the
magnetized green tea, by repairing and turnover the bones as compared with other group that
used normal water.
Conclusion: It was concluded that the consumptions of magnetized green tea increase the
ability of bone repair and turnover

Background: The effects of diabetes mellitus and gender on left ventricular structure in
hypertension are still controversial.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of diabetes mellitus and gender on left ventricular
structure in a sample of hypertensive patients in Erbil-Iraq.
Patients and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Rizgary hospital, Erbil-
Iraq, between April 2015 and April 2016. A convenient sample of 200 patients (100 males
and 100 females), aged ≥18 years were enrolled. Half of the sample (Group I) had diabetes in
addition to hypertension, while the other half (Group II) had hypertension only. The effects
of diabetes mellitus and gender on left ventricular structure were evaluated in both groups.
Results: In Group I, left ventricular diastolic and systolic dimensions were significantly higher
among male patients (P=0.023, 0.022 respectively) than female patients. In group II , the mean
thickness of posterior wall , left ventricular mass , left ventricular mass index and relative wall
thickness was significantly higher among male patients (P=0.004, 0.016, 0.035 and 0.045
respectively) than female patients. The mean thickness of interventricular septum, posterior wall
and relative wall thickness (P=0.0013, 0.007 and 0.003 respectively) was significantly higher in
diabetic females than non-diabetic females. No significant differences were found between
diabetic and non-diabetic males.
Conclusion: There is an obvious effect of gender and diabetes on left ventricular structure.
In the hypertensive non-diabetic group, the left ventricular structural changes were
significantly seen among male patients than females. In contrary, these changes were
significantly seen in diabetic females than non-diabetic females.

Background: The ABO blood groups and Rhesus factor are different in their susceptibility
and resistance to various diseases. The role of ABO blood group has long been a subject of
investigation and debate. Typhoid and paratyphoid disease is commonly encountered a
systemic disease caused by gram negative bacteria Salmonella typhi and Salmonella
paratyphi. Because of the presence of favorable predisposing factors for transmission of
typhoid disease among children in Kurdistan.
Objective: To find the occurrence of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi among
children, with their distribution among different blood groups.
Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 300 subjects were
randomly selected from children who were likely to be infected with typhoid or paratyphoid
fever in Raparin Teaching Hospital in Erbil. Blood sample were taken for performing ABO
blood grouping, widal test and blood cultures.
Results: Result of the study reveals (31.33%) and (34.33%) of children were infected with
Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi. The highest typhoid/paratyphoid was observed
among blood group O, thus it was most susceptible group. The least was noticed among blood
group AB children which is the most resistant.
Conclusion: Results have revealed significant association between ABO blood group and
susceptibility to typhoid/paratyphoid infections

Background: Renal failure is a worldwide health problem. The incidence and prevalence of
renal failure is in constant increase, involving poor outcomes and high costs. The major
leading causes of kidney failure are type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
Objective: To study the epidemiology of renal failure in diyala province.
Patients and Methods: A cross sectional study including a review of 284 cases of Renal
Failure recorded in Ibn Sina dialysis center in Baqubah teaching hospital in Diyala province
for the period from 1st January to the 31st of December of 2018. The collected data was
analyzed by using computer, excel and using of SPSS-24. All the variables were analyzed by
number, proportion and percentage.
Results: Renal failure prevalence rate was 189.2 PMP and Incidence rate was 112.6 PMP in
Diyala province. The Prevalence was in AL-Khalis city 363.15 PMP, Baqubah city 246.9 PMP,
Baladroz city 190.9 PMP, AL-Muqdadia city 134.7 PMP and Khanaqin city 100.96 PMP. The
mean age of renal failure in Diyala province was 52.9±15.9 yrs. Males was about 60.5% and
females was 39.4%. The reasons of Renal failure ratio was diabetes about 33.4%, Hypertension
about 23.6%, Unknown cause about 27.4%, Glomerilonephritis about 5.3%, Obstructive
nephropathy about 3.16%, Congenital about 2.8% and others about 4.22% . The major co-
morbidities in renal failure patient on Hemodialysis was anemia about 48.94%, Hypertension
about 35.2%, Heart failure about 4.57%, Ischemic heart disease about 10.56% and
Cerebrovascular accident about 0.7%. Withdrawal from hemodialysis program in 2018 was
47.3%.
Conclusion:The incidence rate was high and the prevalence rate was low due to low
survival.

Background:Preterm birth is amajоr deter minant of neоnatal mоrtality,mоrbidity and
childhoоd dis ability and re mains as оne of the mоst seriоus prоblems in оbstetrics. Prema
turity is nоw cоnsideredas the secоnd-leading cause оf death in children aged less than 5
years and as the mоst impоrtant cause оf death in the cri tical first mоnth оf life.
Objective: To identify risk factоrs that were related tо preterm birth and cоmpare that with
cоntrol sample.
Patients and Methods: A case cоntrol was carriedout during the periоd frоm 1st August
2017 to 15th November 2017. Which including 100 cases and 100 contrоls. Whо where
selected frоm Diyala city/Teaching AL-Batool hospital. Data cоllected by directinterview
with patient using especially desi gned questiоnnaire.
Results: The result shоwed that the majоrity of cases were (29%) amоng age grоup (20-29)
years. Some factоr are showed significant such as age оccupational state and number of
abоrtion and оther not significant like smоking.
Conclusion: This study shоws The factors that found significant association with pre term
birth consist of age, number of abоrtion, history of stillbirth, previоus histоry of
pretermbirth, previоus histоry of CS, placental prоblem during pregnancy, accidental
hemоrrhage, hypertensiоn, Diabetes mellitus, urinary tract infectiоn and antenatalvisit. And
factors which not have significant assоciated with PTB is parity, vaginalinfectiоn and
smоking.

Background: Preeclampisa is common disorder among pregnant women in Erbil city that is
characterized by high rates of neonatal morbidity and mortality in addition to maternal
adverse complications.
Objective: To assess the neonatal outcomes of preeclamptic women presented with
antepartum hemorrhage in Erbil city.
Patients and Methods: The study is a clinical prospective follow up study that was carried
out in Labour room of Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil city through the period from 1st
of March, 2018 to 28th of February, 2019 on sample of 200 preeclamptic pregnant women.
The selected women and neonates were followed up for 1 week after delivery.
Results: The dead neonates represented 11.5% of total neonates for preeclamptic pregnant
women, while low apgar score at 1 minute was present in 27% of the neonates and low apgar
score at 5 minutes was present in 16% of them.Death neonatal outcome was significantly
related to increased protein in urine, abnormal renal and liver functions and abnormal
hemoglobin and platelets levels.A significant association was observed between preeclamptic
pregnant women with antepartum hemorrhage and low apgar score of neonates at 5 minutes.
Conclusion: Neonatal outcome of preeclamptic pregnant women with antepartum
hemorrhage is characterized by low apgar score at 5 minutes.

Background: Inflammation in the arterial intima has the main role for the pathogenesis of
atherosclerosis.
Objective: To determine the correlation between serum hsCRP levels and severity of
coronary artery disease in a sample of patients referring to Surgical specialty Hospital-
Cardiac center in Erbil City 2018.
Patients and Methods: In this cross sectional study 120 patients (78 male and 42 female
patients) were studied who had undergone coronary angiography procedure among them 80
patients ( 57 male and 23 female ) had Coronary artery disease and the remain 40 patients
had normal coronary angiography result. The blood samples from (120) patients were taken
and transferred to the laboratory after clotting hsCRP was measured using cobas automated
assay.
Results: Here we detected a significant difference in the level of hsCRP between patients with
coronary artery diseases and patients with normal coronary artery on angiography in addition to
that fact the association for the severity of coronary artery disease and hsCRP level between
single, two vessels and three vessels diseases, was statistically significant as well a finding
which was comparable with other studies that detected a significant difference between hsCRP
among patients with more severe coronary artery lesions.
Conclusion: The study concluded that high level of hsCRP is a predictor of atherosclerosis
and is wise to be done for patients as a risk factor and it is not only a predictor of coronary
artery disease but it predicts it is severity as well.

Background: The process of wound healing in the socket include the healing of wounds in
soft tissues, and healing of the bone. The herbal medicament widely used in the healing of
different wounds. The benefit of Grape seed oil due to their anti-oxidant and anti-
inflammatory effect.
Objective: Histological evaluation the effects of local application of grape seeds oil in the
healing process of dental socket after tooth extraction and compared the result with normal
healing process.
Patients and Methods: Thirty six New Zeland male rabbits were used in this study, the
upper right central incisor was extracted for each rabbit ,then the rabbits were divided into
3 main groups ;Control group: 12 rabbits , the socket heal spontaneously , sponge group:12
rabbits ,the socket treated with absorbable hemostatic sponge and grape seed oil group: 12
rabbits, the socket treated with local application of 0.5 ml/Kg of B.W. grape seeds oil fixed
by absorbable hemostatic sponge. Then each group were divided into two sub group
according to the healing intervals 2 and 4 week (6 rabbits from each group). Histological
evaluation performed by section stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and
histomorphometric analysis for assessment of osteoclasts ,osteoblasts, osteocytes , trabecular
no., trabecular area and marrow space area by Image J. software.
Results: The histological and histomorphometric results of present study showed enhancement
of healing process in grape seeds oil and sponge group after tooth extraction by activation of
large number of osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts that started from apical part, then middle
part finally in coronal part of the socket.
Conclusion: Grape seed oil accelerate the healing process after locally treated tooth socket
and assessed in new bone formation.

Background: Due to the increase in violence in recent years due to the wars and the
increasing use of weapons and sharp machines such as knives and others, the number of
victims of cardiac injuries, especially gunshot wounds, stabbing injuries and other acute
machines has increased due to the seriousness of these injuries and complications resulting
therefrom.
Objective: To show the importance of urgent diagnosis and surgical approach of cardiac
traumatic patients.
Patients and Methods: Between January 2016 and January 2017, 5 penetrating cardiac
traumatic patients were admitted to the emergency unit in Immam Hussein medical city in
Karbala, 3 of them were stab wounds and 2 cases were shell injuries. All of them males in
age range from 14-44 years old ,the 5 patients were operated without using cardiopulmonary
bypass machine and all of them passed without any complications except one patient who
complain from some neurological deficits postoperatively.
Results: In this study we have 5 patients with penetrating cardiac injuries, 2 have gunshot
(40%) and 3 have stab injuries (60%). Emergency thoracotomies were done in all patients and
the wounded were sutured with 4/0 proline after good resuscitation in ER.
Conclusion: Traumatic injuries of the heart are one of the major cause of mortality and
morbidity in our society due to violence. Rapid action and good resuscitation with right
decision of good skill hands cardiac surgeon will improve the outcome of the results.

Background: Gastroenteritis causes around (28%) of all mortalities among children less than
5 yr old. In our country herbal use (called sagwa in Iraq) is one of line of treatment of
gastroenteritis mostly in the rural areas.
Objective: To determine the morbidity and mortality of herbal use in acute gastroenteritis in
children.
Patients and Methods: Two hundred patients involved in a prospective case control study
conducted in the Al-Batool Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Teaching Hospital, Diyala,
Iraq, during a period of six months from August 2017 to February 2018.
Results: There is significant association of sagwa use with the rural residency 81(81%), mother
education level 57(57%) illiterate mother), the order of the child in the family 13(13%)1st child;
the least), diarrhea complications (regarding central nervous system 43(43%), cardiac 58(58%),
renal 49(49%) and metabolic 83(83%), hospital stay and condition deterioration and the
mortality rate was 9(9%) in sagwa group .Sagwa toxicity is positively proportional to the
number of doses 57(57%) in 3rd dose & more) given to children and grandmothers 66(66%)
were the principle person who decided to use sagwa in children with diarrhea. The chemical
analysis was done in (10) samples only which revealed that heavy metal like lead, cadmium and
mercury; that exceed the permissible level.
Conclusion: There is significant morbidity and mortality caused by (sagwa) use in children
with acute gastroenteritis.

Background: Thalassemia is regarded as one of the most common hereditary disorders
throughout the world. Endocrine disorders found among the commonest complications in
thalassemic patients resulting from iron overload, especially thyroid.
Objective: To investigate thyroid function and complications in patients with Beta
thalassemia major and intermedia in Erbil city.
Patients and Methods: This is prospective, cross sectional study (comparative study), the
study was extended from September of 2018 till October of 2019 on 71 beta thalassemia
major and 49 intermedia patients. The study was performed in the thalassemia center in Erbil
city. Assay of thyroid hormones (thyroid function test) was performed by Roche Cobas E411
analyzer is fully automated immunoassay analyzer. Data were analyzed by using the
statistical package for social science (SPSS) version22.
Results: This retrospective cross sectional study was carried out on 196 subjects, from which
71 patients with thalasseamia major ,49 patients with thalassemia intermedia, and 78 case
were control subject.in the thalassemia major 8 cases (11.3) % had hypothyroidism (TSH high
and low T4) and 17 case (23.9) % were subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH high and T3 AND T4
normal), in intermedia group about 13 patients had subclinical hypothyroidism, in compared to
control group about 3 (3.9) % subclinical. In both TI and TMthy, the proportion of
hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism was significantly (P=0.037) higher in those 18
years old (38.9%) compared to the lower age group (20.8%).
Conclusion: The thyroid function did not differ significantly by the other characteristics of
the patients such as gender, consanguinity, chelation therapy, splenectomy status,
organomegllay, BMI. Serum ferritin was found to be positively, but non-significantly
correlated with T3 (r=0.78, p=0.398), negatively and significant statistically correlated with
T4 (r=-0.231, p=0.011) and positively and significant statistically correlated with TSH
(r=253, p=0.005).

Background:Readmission after hospitalization is a preventable experience which can
impose huge costs on the patients and the health care systems. Studies have reported that
readmission of patients within 30 days following discharge is quite common and associated
with some clinical and nonclinical factors. Mental and behavioral health issues, alcohol-
related disorders, pregnancy, diabetes, schizophrenia, and mood disorders have been reported
as the commonest conditions that can cause readmission. Research has also stated that patient
readmission can show low quality of health care services.
Objective: To assess the incidence of patients who had been readmitted to emergency room
in Sulaimani Emergency Hospital during three consecutive months.
Patients and Methods:The present prospective study which was carried out on 126
readmitted patients who were selected from 3264 patients who had referred to Sulaimani
Accident & Emergency Hospital in Kurdistan Region of Iraq from (1st. Jun 2018 ) to (
31st.Aug. 2018 ) . A researcher-designed checklist was used to collect the required data. The
collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics using Statistical Package for
Social Sciences version 22.0, and the results were presented as frequencies and percentages
in tables.
Results: The results of the present study revealed that the hospital readmission rate was lower
among the patients older than 50 years. Also, female patients accounted for a larger population
of readmitted patients than the males. There was no significant association found between
gender and readmission. Epigastric and abdominal pains were the most frequent symptoms and
presentations observed at readmission. In addition, associated medical diseases and surgical
procedures were found to have outstanding effect on readmission. The most common detected
disorders among the readmitted patients were suspected acute appendicitis and acute
pancreatitis. In addition the type of medical intervention was found to have a remarkable effect
on the rate of readmission. A significant relationship was observed between the observed
clinical presentations and the readmitted patients’ age, occupation, and marital status. Also, the
readmitted patients’ past surgical history and their age, gender, occupation, and marital status
were significantly correlated.
Conclusion: Hospital readmission was found to be common among patients who had
associated medical diseases, surgical procedures, suspected acute appendicitis, and acute
pancreatitis; therefore, such patients need to be provided with more careful care and proper

Background: Immune factors are of the most important systems used by the human body to
treat infections and repair the emergency disorders.
Objective: During period from January 2018 to June 2018 collected serum from (50)
patients with different fractures patients who attended fractures units in Al-Yarmouk
teaching hospital /Iraq. and determine by Elisa the levels of IL-6, IL-10 and granulocyte-
monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in sera of patients with fractures in relation
with their age groups, current study also included 50 people as a control group, which
represented the distribution of patients and healthy people as groups of young and elderly as
well as their division on the basis of gender as well as body mass index (BMI).
Patients and Methods: Four milliliter of venous blood was withdrawn from all patients and
healthy so to measure the level of interleukins ( IL-6, IL-10 and granulocyte-monocyte
colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) ) in sera, by Elisa .
Results: The study found that IL-6 means were significantly elevated in old and young fracture
trauma patients (31.36±5.33 and 23.81±4.33 pg/ml) respectively as compared with healthy
young and old control individuals. The study revealed that, GM-CSF level was significantly
elevated in young fracture trauma patients (62.61±7.23 pg/ml) as compared with old fracture
trauma patients and healthy individuals and GM-CSF level was significantly elevated in old
fracture trauma patients (27.18±4.87 pg/ml) as compared with old healthy individuals. IL-10
means were significantly elevated in young and old fracture trauma patients (3.51±0.28 and
2.29±0.31 pg/ml) respectively as compared with healthy young and old control individuals
(2.18±0.27 and 1.99±0.18 pg/ml) respectively.
Conclusion: The study showed positive correlation of IL-6, CM-CSF and IL-10 with BMI
of young and old with fracture traum

Background: Failure to thrive is a common problem in infancy and children result from
inadequate nutrition or chronic illnesses.
Objective: To assess the severity and risk factors associated with failure to thrive.
Patients and Methods: In this cross-section study, 50 children under 2 years of age with
FTT admitted to Jalawla general hospital, Diyala province, Iraq during the period 1st of Jan.
to 1st of July 2018 were studied. The parameters used to assess the growth of involved
children included weight, height and head circumference for ages, using Z-score (Standard
deviation score) and the mean had been taken from Tanner growth chart. Other child
variables included socioeconomic status and hemoglobin level also studied.
Results: The male: female ratio was 1.5:1 and 38 children (76%) were below one year of age,
25 of them (50%) were of low socioeconomic state and the majority from overcrowded
families. Maternal illiteracy was recorded in 26 (52%). Twenty-three children (46%) were
exclusively bottle-fed. Twenty-two children (44%) their weights for age were < -3SD below
the mean, twelve children (14%) their heights for age were <-3SD, seven children (14%), had
head circumference <-3SD which indicate very severe malnutrition. Most of children in this
study were from large size families with low socioeconomic status.
Conclusion: Failure to thrive is a common problem in our locality. Those below one year of
age constitutes 76%, and 50% were from low socioeconomic families.

Background: Human genome widely affected by different types of chemical, physical and
biological causes lead to evaluate many changes in their stability and activity.
Objective: To evaluate genotoxic and immunotoxic in mixed chemicals and/or pesticides
exposed workers.
Patients and Methods: Peripheral blood lymphocytes from Iraqis men (n=45) exposed to
mixed chemicals and/or pesticides and from matched controls (n=15) were assessed.
Results: Percentage of lymphocytes subset (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and natural killer (NK) cells
CD16+ CD56+), as well as cytotoxicity was evaluated by means of micronucleus (MN) test and
Total Chromosomal Aberrations (TCA) Micronuclei (MN) significant (P ≤ 0.05) difference
between both groups was found (7.11 MN/250 cells), compared to the control group (3.1
MN/250 cells) and this increase occur in parallel to the frequency of Total Chromosomal
Aberration (TCA), 0.44 and 0.23 per chromosome, respectively, was noted in the peripheral
lymphocytes of the exposed and their matched reference group. Significant decreases in CD4+
and CD3+associated with elevation in CD8+ and NK.
Conclusion: The positive results by increasing chromosomal abnormalities represented by
MN and SCE beside of variations in lymphocytes population in exposed people pointing to
the potential genetic hazards of chemicals and pesticides on exposed people.

Background: There are many risk factor for asthma occurrence like gender, atopy and
infection. Trace elements like iron, magnesium and zinc play a role in decreasing airway
hyperreponsiveness.
Objective: To evaluate iron deficiency anemia as a risk factor for childhood asthma and its
likely outcome on lung functions.
Patients and Methods: Across-sectional comparative study was conducted on 200 children,
6–14 years old who admitted to the outpatient pediatric clinics and emergency department of
Albatool Teaching hospital in Diyala governorate from Oct. 2017 to Oct 2018, they were
categorized into: group I: 100 children with IDA-who was subdivided into group Ia:
Asthmatic children and group I b: Non asthmatic children. Group II: 100 children without
IDA, subdivided into group II a: asthmatic children and group II b: non-asthmatic children.
Results: Children with asthma in group I a the male to female ratio was 1.75/1.0 and in group II
b the ratio was 1.4/1.0.The anemic group with asthma constitute 66% of group I, while in group
II the asthmatic children constituted 24%of included children. Anemic asthmatic children had
significant difference regarding pulmonary function tests in comparison to non-anemic
asthmatics.
Conclusion: Anemic asthmatics group constituted 66%, and anemia had significant
detrimental effects on pulmonary function tests in comparison to non-anemic asthmatics.

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is regarded as one of the preventable causes
of blindness in children. Recent advances in neonatal care have improved survival rates for
premature infants. Thus ROP is believed to account for 6-18% of childhood blindness in
developed countries. Early identification of retinal damage and the use of appropriate
treatment prevent blindness and offer child better overall development.
Objective: To estimate the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity at Al Zahraa teaching
hospital at Al Najaf Al Ashraf.
Patients and Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted from 1st of April
till 1st of August 2018 on a 100 preterm neonates who were admitted to the neonatal
intensive care unit with gestational age less than 36 weeks. All of cases were examined by
using RetCam.
Results: This study showed that the incidence of ROP was 9%. There was a highly significant
relation between neonatal body weight and the occurrence of retinopathy of prematurity as the
incidence in very low birth weight was 36.4% compared with 1.3% in neonate having birth
weight > 1500 gm and p-value equal to 0.0001. In addition there was a highly significant
relation between the gestational age with the occurrence of retinopathy of prematurity as the
incidence in neonates delivered with gestational age < 30 weeks was 38.9% compared with
2.4% in neonates delivered with gestational age > 30 weeks and p-value equal to 0.0001.
Conclusion: The incidence of ROP was found to be 9%. This can be due to the early
screening and detection of the disease. Parent’s and medical staff education at the disease
and the severity of the disease can increase their awareness to the importance of screening
and follow up of the preterm neonate.

Background: Lichen planus is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory condition of unknown
etiology affecting stratified squamous epithelial. The cell-mediated immunity has a role in
both developing oral lichen planus, and immune system regulation, that’s why have role in
the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. The roles of vitamin D in an immune system and its
anti-inflammatory effects have been indicated in recent study.
Objective: To determine the level of serum vitamin D in patients with oral lichen planus and
in compression with healthy subjects, and study the relation of serum vitamin D level with
clinical types of oral lichen planus, symptom, and demography of oral lichen planus.
Patients and Methods: Two group were designed in this case –control study, the first
consist of 40 patients with oral Lichen planus, while the second is control group which
include 40 healthy people. A 5-ml blood sample was taken from patients and healthy
subjects. The serum vitamin D levels were assessed with a vitamin D total (25-hydroxy
vitamin D) kit by employing the electrochemiluminescence technique.
Results: Oral lichen planus mostly affect middle age female, the most common type of oral
lichen planus was reticular type (95%) followed by erosive (57.5%) and atrophic oral lichen
planus (45%). Mostly oral lichen planus appears on buccal mucosa bilaterally (95%). Vitamin D
deficiency was higher in patient with oral lichen planus (60%) and (22.5%) in control group.
The control group has more insufficient vitamin D level (22.5%) as compared to oral lichen
planus patient(OLP) (15%), which was statistically significant. The mean of vitamin D level in
serum of patients with oral lichen planus were 18.84 ±12.69 ng/ml and in healthy subjects were
31.28 ± 13.58ng/ml, that was statistically significant (P< 0.001).
Conclusion: The deficiency in serum vitamin D level was not only related to the
development of oral lichen planus, but it was also related to the symptom, and types of oral
lichen planus.