Diyala Journal of Medicine

Background: A wound may be defined as a disruption of the integrity and role of the tissues
in the body. Healing process, which is a normal biological event in the body, is done by
many precise, strict and highly programmed phases, the four phases of healing include:
hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and repair. The herbal medicine is a branch of the
complementary and alternative medicine. Cinnamon is a spice that is made from the inner
bark of trees has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Objective: Histological assessment of effect of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Extract on
Experimentally Induced Cutaneous Wound Healing in Rats.
Patients and Methods: Eighteen male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus)of about 250-
350gm , were used in this study. Two circular full-thickness wounds were made on the
dorsum region of each animal with a sterile biopsy punch(5mm diameter).Local
cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil application was done on wounds of the left side as
experimental group, whereas the right side was left to heal spontaneously as control . The
healing process was followed for the periods (1,3 and 7days), and specimens were prepared
for histological analysis.
Results: Histological examination showed wound contraction highest mean values for control
group at day 1 and decreased with time and highest mean values of inflammatory cells
parameter and blood vessel counts were recorded in experimental groups at days 1 and 3
,while epithelial thickness showed increased values with time in all groups.
Conclusion: The study revealed that local application of cinnamomum zeylanicum was
effective in promoting wound healing process

Background: Congenital anomalies or birth defects are groups of disordered of prenatal
origin which can be caused by single gene defect, chromosomal disordered, multifactorial
inheritance, and environmental teratogens.
Objective: To detect the incidence and types of congenital anomalies, as well as other
associated factors.
Patients and Methods: This study was conducted in Albatool teaching hospital in Baquba
city in Diyala government as a cross sectional study of 130 neonates with congenital
anomalies from the period of 1st January to 31th December 2017. Patients were categorized
according to Age of mother of neonate with congenital anomaly, address, residency,
consanguinity between mother and father, mother`s history of Diabetes Mellitus,
periconceptional folic acid use, and abortion, also the sex of neonate, gestational age, birth
weight, blood group and the type of congenital anomaly.
Results: Males were significantly affected (60%) with congenital anomalies than females
(37.7%). The percentage of congenital anomalies was more (68.46%) among neonates from
consanguineous marriage than neonates from nonconsanguineous marriage (31.54%). Baqubah
city was recorded high percentage of anomalies(42.3%), followed by Al-khalis district
(24.6%),and then Mukdadia district (15.5%). High percentage of anomalies was recorded
among neonates with mothers who did not use folic acid during peri conceptional period
(57.7%),and among multiparity (70.76%), premature neonates(57%), caesarean section(60%),
low birth weight neonates(53.84%), neonates with blood group O (42.3%), mother`s age 20-35
years (61.54%), and rural residency(69.24%), nervous system anomalies were the most
common anomalies(43%), followed by anomalies of circulatory system(21.7%), and then
chromosomal abnormalities(7.6%).
Conclusion: The most common type of congenital malformations in Diyala government
were nervous system malformations. Congenital malformations in Diyala Province were
more common in Baquba city and AL Khalis district. Males were significantly affected more
than females. Congenital anomalies were significantly more in offspring of consanguineous
marriage than of non- consanguineous one. Folic acid usage during peri conceptional period
was very important to reduce the incidence of congenital anomalies especially neural tube
defects.

ackground: Isotretinoin is a vitamin derivative also known as 13-cis-retinoic acid used in
the treatment of severe acne and some forms of skin, head and neck cancer. Some studies
have shown that isotretinoin induces apoptosis in various cells in the body. Isotretinion has
not been clearly implicated in cases of clinically apparent acute liver injury with jaundice.
The mechanism by which isotretinoin causes serum aminotransferase elevations is not
known, but it may represent a direct toxic effect, in that it appears to be more frequent with
higher dose therapy. For prevention or healing natural herb and its oil are used. The Cumin
oil is one of these herbal oils which used as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory.
Objective: To evaluate the histological damage of liver after treatment with the Isotretinoin
and find out if cumin oil which was anti-inflammatory natural herb can protect liver from
damage.
Patients and Methods: 30 male wistar rats weighing 200-250g were used in this study
divided into five groups: the first group was control, second was treatment group (T1),
receive 10 mg of Isotretinion; the third group was (T2) receives 20 mg of Isotretinion. And
last two others were cumin oil groups including (T3) receive 10 mg of Isotretinion plus
Cumin oil and (T4) receive 20 mg of Isotretinion plus Cumin oil. The experiment was
accomplished in three weeks. In the end of each week, animals from each group were killed
and dissect and liver taken for histopathological study. Blood collected for liver functional
enzymes evaluation. Liver functional enzymes include alkaline phosphatase, S-GOT, S-GPT,
T.S.B, Bilirubin direct and Bilirubin indirect.
Results: The study results show a significant difference between the control groups and
treatment (T1) group in the values of alkaline phosphatase. A significant difference also found
in the result of serum GOT between the T2, T3and T4 groups. The T3 group shows the highest
significance between the other groups. The result of GPT shows no significant differences
between the study groups except T3 group which show significant P˂0.05. The data of total
serum bile (T.S.B) and indirect bilirubin test shows no significant differences among the
study groups while analyzing data of direct bilirubin shows significant differences in T1and
T2 comparing to other study groups graph. The histological examination of the rat’s liver
shows variable changes in the treatment groups during different time of the study.
Isotretinion affect the texture of liver tissue mains noticed alteration includes infiltration of
inflammatory cell around central vein, congestion of sinusoid and vacuolar degeneration in

Background: Cydonia oblonga Miller (Quince) is one of the oldest cultural plants that
belongs to the Rosaceae family. The bioactive components of Quince fruit are thought to
have antimicrobial properties and able to accelerate the process of wound healing. The active
ingredients that have antibacterial activity such as polyphenols can overcome the resistant
mechanisms of bacteria and enhance killing through disturbing their metabolic activities.
Objective: To determination of antibacterial and wound healing potentials of ethanolic
extract of Cydonia oblonga Miller Fruit.
Patients and Methods: The extract was prepared using hydroalcoholic extraction of quince
whole fruit. Predominant wound bacteria isolates were obtained from active wounds on oral
cheek mucosa of Albino Rabbits in a pilot study in which swab samples were taken from the
induced oral wounds on the 2nd day and immediately sent to the lab. The specimens were
cultured on bacteriological media under aerobic and CO2 conditions at 37°C for 24hr.
discrete colonies were identified using microscopy, cultural characteristics and biochemical
examinations. Different concentrations of the extract (15, 30, 60, 90 and 120mg/ml) using
well-diffusion agar method were tested for their antibacterial activity. In another pilot study,
the effective extract concentration on wound healing was determined after 3, 5, 7 days post
wounding. The extract concentration showed the best healing activity was used later and
compared with normal healing (without treatment) and chlorhexidine-treated wounds.
Histological assessment were used to judge on healing activity.
Results: Twelve bacterial isolates belonging to Neisseria sp., Staphylococcus aureus,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were tested. On the whole, all the isolates
showed sensitivity to quince extract especially at high extract concentrations. Quince extract
60mg/ml oral irrigation showed significant antibacterial effect following 3 days post wounding
as no bacterial colonies were detected in the test group when compared with the negative and
positive control groups with sever inflammatory infiltrate in all groups. Nearly, complete
healing of the wounds after 5 and 7 days was recorded in all groups.
Conclusion: Cydonia oblonga Miller fruit ethanolic extract could be regarded as a good
antibacterial substance with broad spectrum activity that promotes wound healing as well.
The best concentration for both was 60mg/ml.

Background: Age and gender have important effect on Gonial angle, ramus height and
bigonial width.
Objective: To evaluate the changes in gonial angle, bigonial width and ramus height
measured from panoramic radiographs, in relation to age and gender.
Patients and Methods: Fifty digital panoramic radiographs were evaluated (25 male and 25
female). The patients classified into 5 groups according to age, starting from 20 years old to
60 years and above with ten years interval . The gonial angle, ramus height and bigonial
width were measured by digital panoramic radiographs by using Planmeca Romix software
program.
Results: Gonial angle, ramus height and Bigonial width increased with age. Gonial angle of the
left side was greater than the right side and females had larger gonial angle compared to male.
The measurements show that the ramus height was greater on the right side than the left side,
greater ramus height and bigonial width in male patients.
Conclusion: Gonial angle, ramus height and bigonial width are the most important and
widely used radiographic landmarks in orthodontic tracing for evaluation of growth pattern
and treatment planning. It’s also used as a basic reference for forensic dentistry and for
comparison with other nationalities and races.

Background: Anemia is a worldwide public health problem, with significant outcomes for
health social and economic growth of each country. Anemia is a hemoglobin concentration
two standard deviation lower than the mean hemoglobin concentration for a normal
population range of the same age and gender.
Objective: To assess the prevalence of anemia in children and its contributing factors under
5 years old in Diyala/Iraq.
Patients and Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was conducted at Al-Batool
maternity and children teaching hospital from the first of August 2017 to first of January
2018. Five hundreds of children from the six months to five years old were included in the
current study.
Results: The percentage of anemia in the studied sample was 142 (28.4%), from which 104
(73.5%) was iron deficiency anemia, 2 (1.1%) was thalassemia major and intermedia and 6
(4.4%) was B-thalassemia trait and 30 (21%) other type of anemia. There were a highly
significant association between anemia and artificial feeding, prolonged breast-feeding, tea
consumption, worm infestations, absence of prenatal care, low birth weight, low parental
education and low wealth index. They were a significant association between anemia and male
gender, rural residency and positive family history of anemia.
Conclusion: Anemia still represents a major health problem in children under 5 years in
Diyala province with prevalence of 142 (28.4%), most of them 104 (73.5%) was iron
deficiency anemia.

Background: The repair of bone defects remains a major clinical challenge in dentistry.
Bone is a highly vascularized tissue reliant on the close spatial and temporal connection
between blood vessels and bone cells to maintain skeletal integrity. The health promotive ,
preventive, and curative properties of herbs were recognized by the ancient and the present
pharmacist and physicians to form the theoretical foundations in Medicine.
Objective: Immunohistochemistry of osteocalcin and histological study to prove that
symphytum officinale oil when applied locally on generated bone defect healing in rat tibia,
it was very effectiveness.
Patients and Methods: 0ur study fourty male rats , weighting (250-350) grams ,aged (5-
7)months ,was performed under same food and drinking utilization with same temperature
conditions. The surgical operation of tibiae bone to medial side of rat were subjected, the
bone defect were left to cure normally in control group , whilst experimental group was
applied1μm symphytum officimale oil locally as a treatment. Every rat was killed at 7 or 14
days after surgery (ten rats for each period).
Results: When we applied the symphytum officinale oil locally on bone defect increased cell
count in each of osteocyte ,osteoclast and osteoblast and deposed of early osteoid tissue .
stromal cells evaluated by Immunohistochemical study of osteocalcin which reported to
increase in significant difference in symphytum officinale group when compared to control
group.
Conclusion: Low application of symphytum officinale oil in our study expressed to be a
good and effective treatment in injuries of bone; these evidence in our data are pledging for
a possible clinical management in future.

Background: Despite the use of several strategies to prevent post-Cesarean complications
including wound infections and endometritis, they remain high morbidities.
Objective: To assess the pre-Cesarean preparation of the vagina with povidone iodine as a
preventive measure against post-cesarean wound infection and endometritis.
Patients and Methods: A case-control study conducted on 200 pregnant women who
prepared for elective Cesarean section. The operations were conducted either with standard
classical abdominal scrub alone (as control group) or vaginal povidone iodine preparation in
addition to the standard abdominal scrub. Each woman was followed up post-operatively for
development of fever, endometritis, and wound infection, duration of postoperative
antibiotics administration, and postoperative stay.
Results: Post-Cesarean endometritis developed in 6% of women who received a vaginal
preparation pre-operatively and 15% of the controls. 30% of control women and 20% of women
in the treatment group had post-operative febrile illness. Wound infections were uncommon
complications that occurred only in two percent of the control patients and one percent of
patient in the treatment group.
Conclusion: Pre-operative vaginal treatment with povidone iodine decreased the risk of post-
Cesarean endometritis. However, this protocol doesn't decrease the whole risk of post-
operative wound infection or fever.
Keywords: Post-Cesarean Endometr

Background:Ramus area is an important landmark of the mandiblular bone which
influenced by gender ,age and dental status.
Objective: To evaluated the changes occur in this part of the mandible (ramus height
,ramus depth and bone density)to investigate the effect of age and gender on mandibular
ramus shape and density using computed tomography.
Patients and Methods: A total 100 patients CT scan (prospective study)panoramic view
were evaluated and divided into 4 groups each group includes 25 patients(1st male group
50years,2nd male <50years,3rd female group50 years and 4th female group <50years.) Ramus
height ,depth and bone density in this part were measured .All the samples were class I
skeletal pattern and good dental status, All the sample was with semi- full set of teeth to
avoid the effect of dental status on the results of this study as minimum as possible.
Results: The effect of age was obvious on ramus height ,Bone Density was significant and
highly significant respectively ,while the depth non-significant at compare the age only not
regarded to gender(50sample young less than 50years and the same older than 50years) .The
effect of age with gender were compare female and male above 50y showed ramus height
,Bone Density were significant and highly significant(p-value=0.01and p=0.00) for bone
density, while the ramus depth non-significant. Females with age had decreased in bone density
and increased in ramus height rather than male with same age group(hormonal effect).Males
groups comparison ramus height p=0.01 significant ,Bone Density p=0.00 H. Significant.
Ramus depth was non-significant(males groups) that explain the other factors like( smocking
,nutrition ,habit ) affected this part in same pattern that hormonal effect on women.
Conclusion: This study explained the effect of age and gender on the ramus area the
ramus height ,bone density play important role in significances determination rather than
ramus depth .This landmark (ramus area)could be implicating in forensic dentistry as an
aid in gender determination.

Background: Candida albicans (C. albicans) is an opportunistic fungus that infects the
mucosa of oral cavity. Oral candidiasis remains one of the most common forms of Candida
infections.
Objective: To isolated C. albicans from oral cavity of human and cats and study which one
was more virulence.
Patients and Methods: C. albicans was collected by swabbing samples from oral mucosa to
human and domestic cats. Mice injected with C. albicans isolated from human and cat
divided to groups to study the immunological role. For each groups were divided depends of
the time subjected to blood serum and tissue biopsy collected (6, 24 hours and 10 days) after
mice injected with Candida. Measured IL-17, HMGB1 and G-CSF level in blood samples
and tissue biopsy were done.
Results: The concentration of IL-17 in a group of mice injected with isolated Candida from
mouth of human showed a significant increase in the two times of draw ( 24h and 10 days),
while the concentration of IL-17 in group of mice injected with isolated Candida from mouth of
cat showed significant increase and this elevation was shown in the two times of tissue biopsy
collection ( 6h and 24h).While the higher increase in the levels of serum HMGB-1 recorded in
mice at 6h and 24h after injected with isolated Candida from mouths of cats. On another hand
the result of the concentration of G-CSF in tissue biopsy showed decreased at 10 days compared
with control group.
Conclusion: Candida isolated from human more virulence form Candida isolated from.

Background: The strong relationship between hypertension and stress have been confirmed
in previous studies. The stress has been shown in rise blood pressure by rising heart rate and
the cardiac output .
Objective: To test the influences of exposure to red versus green light colors of cinema
screen on the rate of heart beat and blood pressure among healthy college students.
Patients and Methods: In this study a twenty eight apparently healthy students from college
of fine arts Diyala University were enrolled. They were 18 males and 10 females with a mean
age 22 years. Verbal consent was obtained from all participants. They were exposed to two
colored lights of cinema screen (red and green) viewing at a distance 4 meters. The watching
time was continued for 15 minutes. Thereafter ten minutes the systolic blood pressure [SBP],
diastolic blood pressure [DBP] and heart rate was measured by medical personals. Data were
collected and statistical analysis was done using the SPSS version 20 and P value was
counted significant whenever it is less than 0.05.
Results: The results revealed that the exposure to red light increases both systolic and diastolic
blood pressure and heart rate compared to the green light, since the mean ±SD of diastolic blood
pressure for red light and green light are 8.22±0.59 and 8.02±0.66 versus that of the control is
7.81±0.46 cmHg. Thus Red and green light had a significant effect on diastolic blood pressure
(P <0.05). Whereas, the mean ± SD of systolic blood pressure for red light and green light are
11.85±1.11 and 11.77±1.24 versus that of the control (11.75±0.96) cmHg, with insignificant
difference (P > 0.05). The mean ±SD of heart rate for red light and green light are 79.75±11.19
and 79.10±9.87versus that of the control 76.71±8.81 beats/min.
Conclusion: Exposure to red and green cinema screen colors is altering autonomic nervous
functions as expressed by increasing the blood pressure and heart rate among healthy college
students.

Background:Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a disorder in myeloproliferative
pluripotent hematopoietic primogenitor cells distinguished by huge reproduction of myeloid
cells. CML cytogenetic distinguished by reciprocal translocation between the long arms of
chromosomes 9 and 22 – to produce hallmark Philadelphia chromosome.
Objective: The main goal of the current study was to identify the secondary chromosomal
aberrations associated with the CML in Iraqi patients have positive Ph- chromosome using
Imatinib theraby, at different phases of the disease.
Patients and Methods: Practical part of this study was conducted from April/2018 to
October/ 2019 in the Al-Kadumyha Teaching Hospital and Tissue Culture and
Immunochemistry Lab/ University of Technology, for ≤ 18 years age for 75 CML eligible
patients. Karyotypes of Philadelphia chromosome-positive bone marrow samples were
examined for CML patients which were used Imatinib every twelve weeks. Secondary
chromosomal abnormalities associated with development of disease were detected and
calculated.
Results: The average age of patients was 42± 8.7 years, while male to female ratio was (1.7:1),
males number were 48 with percentage about 64%, while females number were 27 with
percentage 36%, only 89.3% of CML patients showed a typical shape of Ph- chromosome, t(9:
22)(q34:q11.2), while 27 of 75 showed real cytogenetic response to Imatinib therapy.
Conclusion: CML patients with high secondary chromosomal aberrations revealed low
cytogenetic and molecular response to imatinib therapy, especially in blast phase.

Background: Human Boca virus (HBoV) is one of the viral infections present worldwide.
Objective: To determine the role of HBoV in respiratory tract infection.
Patients and Methods: Cross sectional study consists of 160 (Pharyngeal secretions and
blood ) samples were collected from children who attended Al-Zahraa Hospital for
respiratory complaints during the period from October 1st 2018 to April 30th 2019, including
both genders and ages ranging from (3 months to 10 years). The samples were divided into
two groups. First group consisting of (80) blood samples for patients, while the second group
(80) sample swabs from the pharynx.
Results: The prevalence of HBoV using PCR technique was 38.3%. Those less than 2 years
showed the highest rate of infection 43.5%, followed by 5-7 years 42.9% and 2-4 years 33.3%
while the lowest percentage in the age group (8-10 years) 28.5%. A high rate of IgG was
recorded in age group less than 2 years old 51.3%, followed by the category of 5-7 and 2-4
years with 28.6% and 22.2% respectively.
Conclusion: A high rate of HBoV infection in children with respiratory illness in Diyala
province.