Al-Bahith Journal

Summary of the research:
The phonetic diversity of the hamza in lightening constitutes a prominent phenomenon, and perhaps it is one of the most important dialect phonetic phenomena in the Arabic language in general, and in the speech of Lady Al-Zahra, peace be upon her, in particular. The people of Hijaz and other Arabs tended to soften the hamza by various means when pronouncing the hamza. This is because it is extremely difficult to pronounce, as it is one of the heaviest letters to pronounce, and the ways to lighten it are only one of the linguistic treatments, the purpose of which is to reduce the muscular effort expended, in order to lighten and facilitate pronunciation.

"Abstract:
1- Consonant Conjunetion.
2- The Inability to Merge Similar Letters for Pronuneiation Difficulty or Complexity.
3- Sound Issues in Hamz.

Summary of the research:
This research aims to study the triliteral verb more in the poet Saeed Jassim Al-Zubaidi. Through my study of the poet’s poetry, I found linguistic richness and multiple connotations for the triliteral verb more. His mastery of the sciences of the Arabic language was reflected in the diversity of the triliteral verbs more. These verbs appeared in his poetry in many and varied ways. The approach that we followed in this study is the analytical approach at the morphological-semantic level.

Abstract
The research aims to identify:
1. Positive illusions among people with special needs.
2. Statistically significant differences in positive illusions according to the variables of gender (males - females) and the variable of age (under fifty - over fifty) years.
To achieve this, the researchers used the descriptive approach, and the study sample reached (267) individuals with special needs. The researchers adopted the tool for measuring positive illusions from the Al-Naji study (2020), and the psychometric properties of the scale were verified. The stability of the scale was also verified using the split-half method and the coefficient. Alpha for internal consistency, and to extract the research results, the researchers used a one-sample t-test and analysis of variance. The study showed that the research sample possessed positive delusions and that there were no statistically significant differences according to the gender variable and no statistically significant differences according to the age variable.

Abstract
The study investigates the Textual-conceptual Functions of Leo Tolstoy's "How Much Land Does a Man Need?" to answer the following question: What tools of TCFs are most frequently used in the data under analysis? This study aims to shed light on TCFs theory in detail by surveying all the types and subtypes of TCFs in Leo Tolstoy's short story "How Much Land Does a Man Need?" The research seeks to identify the dominant tool by analyzing the frequency and percentages of occurrences. It aims to apply stylistic tools using the codification technique employed in the story. More importantly, it identifies the most frequently used TCF tools and ideologies in the data. The study has proven that the most prominent stylistic tools are "naming and describing, representing time, space, and society, representing actions, states, and events," which the characters in the story use in their dialogues and actions.

Summary
Hearing and analogy are among the most prominent means of reasoning in Arabic grammar, and grammar scholars have discussed them in some detail. I will present to you in a simplified manner the concepts of hearing and analogy and their importance in Arabic grammar, focusing on the book “Tuhfat al-Gharib” by Damamini as an example. Hearing is the first and basic source of grammatical reasoning, which means that grammarians rely on texts heard from eloquent Arabs, whether poetry or prose, to determine grammatical rules. The importance of hearing is represented in reliability: hearing is considered more reliable because it depends on the language as it was used by the eloquent Arabs in the era of protest (the second century AH and before), and stability: the texts heard do not change, which makes it a constant reference for grammarians, and diversity: hearing provides great diversity. Examples and linguistic models As for analogy, it is the second source in grammatical reasoning, and it depends on generalizing the rules extracted from hearing to their counterparts for which no evidence has been heard, based on the similarity of circumstances. The importance of analogy lies in expanding the grammatical base: analogy helps generalize rules to include multiple cases, creativity: allows grammarians to interpret new linguistic phenomena based on known rules, and integration: analogy complements listening by applying rules deduced from heard texts to other cases.“Tuhfat al-Gharib fi Kalam ‘ala Mughni al-Labib” is a book written by al-Damamini, and it is an explanation and commentary on the book “Mughni al-Labib from the Books of Arabs” by Ibn Hisham al-Ansari. The book focuses on explaining and clarifying grammatical and morphological rules derived from listening and analogy. “Tuhfat al-Gharib” by al-Damamini represents an important model in Arabic grammar to illustrate how hearing and analogy can be used together to construct and interpret grammatical rules. Al-Damamini provides extensive explanations and reliable evidence, which makes the book an important reference for scholars and researchers in the field of Arabic grammar.

Abstract
This is the first thesis on the geographical analysis of the commercial function in the Hindiyah district... which deals with the geographical distribution of commercial services in the city of Hindiyah in terms of studying its causes and justifications for its emergence in the city through the historical stages, its growth and emergence, and the expansion of the commercial volume in the city from the year 1817 AD until the year 2022 AD, as It has a major role in the lives of residents and has become a continuous development and the area size of commercial stores has expanded. The commercial service aims to improve society and achieve development goals. The city witnessed development through the five historical stages until the year 2022 AD, and the geographical distribution of commercial services showed us the concentration of the central commercial area in the neighborhoods (the southern and northern parts, the first neighborhood, and the Sayed Hussein neighborhood), and the geographical analysis of employment in the city of Hindiyah showed the trend of the distribution of the phenomenon and the ease of access to the commercial center, according to the study. In the field, it was revealed through the questionnaire form regarding the degree of population satisfaction with commercial services that a percentage of (14.56) of the answers was poor, a percentage of (69.52) was average, and a percentage of (15.90) was good.

Abstract
The subject of the North Korean nuclear file is one of the thorny topics in academic research, because of its importance in the foreign policy followed by countries towards North Korea, as Korea followed a defensive policy in the face of the regional dangers surrounding it, despite its signing of the arms embargo agreement, it It worked to establish its nuclear project, which made the major countries against this project, especially the United States of America and South Korea, but the position of some of these countries was different, as the state of Pakistan had a position that was contrary to those countries. With the help of its strong relationship with them, Abdul Qadeer Khan worked on the responsibility of developing the supply of North Korea. He used the most important methods and techniques for centrifuges and supplied them with uranium hexafluoride, which is important in the North Korean nuclear project. After Korea faced countries critical of its nuclear policy, it denied undertaking any nuclear project, which prompted those countries, led by the United States of America, to carry out inspections. As a result, the Pakistani government was forced to put Abdul Qadeer Khan is under house arrest and banned from traveling to other countries with permission from the state. A process of excluding some scholars and diplomats who were working with Abdul Qadeer Khan took place. As for the collusion of the Pakistani government with Khan, this matter was uncertain, as the Pakistani government denied any collusion regarding this matter .

Summary
Internal and external music is considered a feature of the preference of poetry over other literary genres. Our research included first: internal music and its examples of repetition, which is embodied in - repetition of the letter, repetition of the word, and repetition of the phrase - and its repetition is a musical necessity that adds beauty to the music of the poetic poem through its letters, words, and contextual phrase. Then comes the return of the second half to the first half, the declaration, and the repetition. These are the phenomena of internal music that poets have employed in ancient and modern times. Then second: external music, which included two axes: the first: poetic meters, meaning the poetic meters that distinguished the modern poem, and the second: open and variable rhyming rhyme and alternating rhyme. The research results included the fact that internal and external music is one of the features of poetry, over prose, and a basic feature of poetry.

Summary:
This research provides an analytical reading of Abd al-Qadir al-Baghdadi’s method in his biographies (d. 1093 H) in the book (Biographies of Writers), which is one of the biographies that appeared in the eleventh century AH. It was necessary for us to explain his method in choosing the biographies, arranging them, and mentioning their names, nicknames, and titles. Which constitutes the most important starting point in writing biographical works, as well as mentioning something of their biography and characteristics, determining the ages of their deaths, and mentioning something of their works, whether their poetry or sayings, in order to capture the greatest amount of information about the personality of the person .being translated

ABSTRACT
The research aimed to provide a future vision for developing professional development programs for primary school teachers in Iraq in light of some contemporary global trends and the experiences of some countries, The descriptive analytical method was used as a research methodology, The researcher came up with a proposed vision for developing professional development programs for primary school teachers, which suffer from many obstacles and challenges, especially with regard to their preparation and training, through reviewing advanced international experiences in this field For the teacher to be able to access, disseminate, employ and communicate knowledge to learners, The research also included some recommendations, including that government agencies adopt the vision proposed in the research, Encouraging teachers to attend professional development courses by linking them to the career promotion system.

Abstract of Research
identify an important part of the Arabic language, which is the media words, and to explain the issue of semantic development in the Arabic Language Academy in Cairo, taking this part as a sample for research. This development had an impact in generating new words and many forms that carry new connotations, and structures, methods, and words were also generated from them. What is not related in the structure of its eloquent roots to Arabic, and some of it is related to the development that has occurred in it, and due to the era's need for formulas and structures that contemporary life needs, as this allows for the development and renewal of this language, and it was necessary to establish linguistic academies to advance the preservation of these informative terms and expressions. Public life and new expressions, and helping those working in the field of media to have the correct linguistic reference at hand, especially those working in the field of making news in the press, radio, television and satellite channels, as the modern and contemporary Arabic language is indebted to the efforts of many who have worked in the field of journalism since the beginning of the ninth century. Ten and to this day, many words used in the field of media have been added to the Arabic language And its breadth to meet the requirements of contemporary life and achieve renewal and development in its words

Summary
Internal and external music is considered a feature of the preference of poetry over other literary genres. Our research included first: internal music and its examples of repetition, which is embodied in - repetition of the letter, repetition of the word, and repetition of the phrase - and its repetition is a musical necessity that adds beauty to the music of the poetic poem through its letters, words, and contextual phrase. Then comes the return of the second half to the first half, the declaration, and the repetition. These are the phenomena of internal music that poets have employed in ancient and modern times. Then second: external music, which included two axes: the first: poetic meters, meaning the poetic meters that distinguished the modern poem, and the second: open and variable rhyming rhyme and alternating rhyme. The research results included the fact that internal and external music is one of the features of poetry, over prose, and a basic feature of poetry.

Summary:
This research provides an analytical reading of Abd al-Qadir al-Baghdadi’s method in his biographies (d. 1093 H) in the book (Biographies of Writers), which is one of the biographies that appeared in the eleventh century AH. It was necessary for us to explain his method in choosing the biographies, arranging them, and mentioning their names, nicknames, and titles. Which constitutes the most important starting point in writing biographical works, as well as mentioning something of their biography and characteristics, determining the ages of their deaths, and mentioning something of their works, whether their poetry or sayings, in order to capture the greatest amount of information about the personality of the person .being translated

ABSTRACT
The research aimed to provide a future vision for developing professional development programs for primary school teachers in Iraq in light of some contemporary global trends and the experiences of some countries, The descriptive analytical method was used as a research methodology, The researcher came up with a proposed vision for developing professional development programs for primary school teachers, which suffer from many obstacles and challenges, especially with regard to their preparation and training, through reviewing advanced international experiences in this field For the teacher to be able to access, disseminate, employ and communicate knowledge to learners, The research also included some recommendations, including that government agencies adopt the vision proposed in the research, Encouraging teachers to attend professional development courses by linking them to the career promotion system.

Abstract of Research
identify an important part of the Arabic language, which is the media words, and to explain the issue of semantic development in the Arabic Language Academy in Cairo, taking this part as a sample for research. This development had an impact in generating new words and many forms that carry new connotations, and structures, methods, and words were also generated from them. What is not related in the structure of its eloquent roots to Arabic, and some of it is related to the development that has occurred in it, and due to the era's need for formulas and structures that contemporary life needs, as this allows for the development and renewal of this language, and it was necessary to establish linguistic academies to advance the preservation of these informative terms and expressions. Public life and new expressions, and helping those working in the field of media to have the correct linguistic reference at hand, especially those working in the field of making news in the press, radio, television and satellite channels, as the modern and contemporary Arabic language is indebted to the efforts of many who have worked in the field of journalism since the beginning of the ninth century. Ten and to this day, many words used in the field of media have been added to the Arabic language And its breadth to meet the requirements of contemporary life and achieve renewal and development in its words

Abstract :
The research titled positional change in the verbal sentence in the stories of the children of Israel، a study of semantic structure، shows that a change may occur in the basic structure of the verbal sentence. The transitive verb may be preceded by delay and delayed by presentation.
The nature of the research required that I divide it into two parts: the first section: the locational change of the object، and the second section: the locational change of the neighbor، the adjective، and the adverb. Manifestations of this change were achieved in the location of the parts of the verbal sentence in the stories of the Children of Israel.

Abstract
The current paper examines Joy Slaughter’s novella White Cloud from a cognitive stylistic perspective. It aims to identify the linguistic techniques that the novelist employs in the data under scrutiny to evoke reader’s emotions and form the mood of White Cloud. Additionally, it aims to Point out the cognitive stylistic devices that Slaughter utilizes to produce descriptions of characters and events presented in the novella. Further, it elucidates significance of these stylistic devices in reflecting the novelist’s goals and manipulating reader’s fancy. The model of analysis utilized in this paper covers two basic components: the most recent iteration of Text World Theory introduced by Gavins in 2007, and Schema Theory in terms of Simpson’s (2004) classifications which examines the reader’s background knowledge including the stylistic devices that the novelist employs in the text. The researchers conclude that Slaughter utilizes various techniques such as transitivity, modality, and descriptive wording in White Cloud. Through the use of transitivity, Slaughter skilfully constructs the actions and experiences of the characters, allowing readers to vividly imagine and empathize with their struggles and triumphs. Additionally, modality conveys the characters’ beliefs and desires, thereby eliciting the reader’s emotional reactions as they become invested in the characters’ motivations and dilemmas. Furthermore, Slaughter’s descriptive wording creates a rich and immersive narrative environment, enabling readers to form vivid mental images of the characters and their surroundings.

The Abstract
Research Summary
Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Seal of Prophets and Messengers.
After ...
The first detailed analytical study of Khuzaymah ibn Thabit's poetry came after completing the study of the artistic characteristics in his poetry, and the information contained in the sources around him is few. very . I have chosen an optional topic to reveal (one of our poets), and found in his office an incentive to highlight the value of artistic and literary, which did not stand on the sides of the majority of insiders on his poetry, he is a poet printed his poetry of self-propensity, good preamble, and sober casting.
The research included a preface which examined several points about the life of the poet and his religious tendencies. She studied the themes of Khuzayma's poetry. She found six subjects (praise, pride, spelling, complaint, wisdom, and repentance).

Abstract:
The study of the representation of Palestine and Israel is a complex and multifaceted field that includes various disciplines, including history, political science, media studies, and more. It often involves examining how each society portrays the other, as well as how external media and scholarly sources represent the conflict and the narratives of both sides. This study seeks the representation of the Zionist entity and Palestine in the telegraph newspaper investigating the power ideologies. The method of the study is the qualitative method. Therefore, this study is interested in investigating van Dijk's strategies in the Telegraph newspaper.

Abstract:
Al-Zawraa newspaper contributed to monitoring the government performance of service departments in Iraq, especially in the state of Basra, by presenting the problems that the state was suffering from, and also by presenting solutions that contribute to the development of public services in the state of Basra.

Abstract
School dropout is one of the dangerous phenomena in society, and it involves a huge waste of human energies. It negatively affects the structure of society, stands as an obstacle to its development, and makes it lag behind what developed countries have achieved. Therefore, in this research, we tried to shed light on school dropout in the city of Karbala for the preparatory stage. This is for the purpose of giving a clear picture of the geographical reality of dropouts, since the social phenomenon is a geographical phenomenon, and place has a major impact on the variation in its presence. The numerical and relative distribution of those enrolled and dropouts in the middle school stage has been extracted and represented in graphical forms, and the percentage ratio has been extracted as a tool for description and analysis, which in turn helps in knowing the locations of concentration of dropouts. Then, the emergence of leakage and its spatial spread between the different neighborhoods in the city of Karbala served by schools for the preparatory stage can be explained

Abstract:
The subject of the research dealt with the study of the ethnographic structure in Iraq, given the great importance and effective influence of diversity on the power of the state and its geopolitical weight among countries, and given that Iraq is one of the countries characterized by complex diversity in terms of national and religious composition, and what these ethnic and religious components have been exposed to and what constituted a factor of unrest. And anxiety as a result of the conflicts among them on the one hand and the internal and external interference they have been exposed to on the other hand. Therefore, it was necessary to study the societal composition of Iraqi society, focusing on their geographical distribution, knowing their origins and their population concentration within Iraq. The research included an introduction and three sections, and reached several conclusions and recommendations.

Abstract
The effects of the Nazi Party's policy on education
in Germany (1933-1945)
This research examines the effects of the Nazi Party’s policy on the education system in Germany during the period of Nazi rule (1933-1945), indicating the general educational conditions in Germany before the Nazis took control of power, the ideology of the Nazi Party in the field of education, and the basic principles on which the education system in Germany was based. Nazism, the role of the Nazi Party in harnessing education to serve its goals, the curricula and educational systems that the Nazi government implemented, the results that resulted from implementing the education system in Nazi Germany, the effects that the education system in Nazi Germany left on society, and the challenges that faced the Nazis in achieving their goals of The education system, and the results that resulted from the implementation of the educational system in Germany during the period of Nazi rule.

Summary:
Natural factors are among the most influential factors on the use of solar energy. Rather, they are the decisive factor that enables the use of solar energy in one region rather than another. Temperature and sunlight are at the forefront of the climatic elements affecting the use of solar energy. They also lead to the occurrence of strong.
.winds and dust storm.To cause significant damage to solar energy

Abstract
Summary of the research: This research aims to study the style of command of the poet Ahmed Al-Hairi, and through my study of the collection, I found that most of his poetry was a lamentation for the family of the Prophet and denouncing those who killed them. As for the language he used, it is full of linguistic richness and his mastery of the sciences of the Arabic, language was reflected in the diversity of the methods of request, including The imperative style, which was mentioned in all its forms, namely (the do form, the present tense associated with the imperative verb, the imperative noun, and the subjunctive infinitive). These formulas were studied using the descriptive analytical approach, which is compatible with the study, description, and analysis of this method

Abstract
The current research aims to investigate:
1. The immune personality among graduate students.
2. The statistical differences in the immune personality according to gender (male-female), specialization (humanities-sciences), and academic stage (higher diploma-master's-doctorate).
To achieve the research objectives, the researchers developed a scale consisting initially of 42 items with five alternatives to measure the immune personality. After verifying the face validity and item suitability by presenting them to 16 judges specializing in educational sciences, psychology, and mental health, 7 items were excluded, resulting in a final scale of 35 items. To extract the psychometric properties of the scales, the researchers applied them to a sample of 400 male and female students. After application, the researchers extracted validity indicators using two methods:
1. Internal consistency.
2. Discriminatory power (the two extreme groups).
None of the items of the current research scales were deleted.
Reliability was verified by the researchers using two methods:
1. Test-retest: To determine reliability using this method, the researchers used Pearson's correlation coefficient, with a reliability coefficient for the immune personality scale of 0.94.
2. Cronbach's alpha: Using this method, the reliability coefficient for the immune personality scale was found to be 0.884.
Both are very good reliability coefficients according to the standards set by measurement and evaluation experts. After verifying the validity and reliability of the scale, the researchers applied it to their research sample and analyzed the data statistically using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS ver.26). The main findings included:
1. Graduate students possess a high level of immune personality traits.
2. There are statistically significant differences in the immune personality among graduate students according to gender, favoring males.
3. There are no statistically significant differences in the immune personality among graduate students according to specialization (humanities-sciences) and academic stage (higher diploma-master's-doctorate).
4. There are no statistically significant differences in the immune personality among graduate students according to the interaction of variables (gender, academic stage, and specialization).

Abstract
The current study examines how Muslims are portrayed in a few selected American animated television programs through critical discourse analysis. Its goal is to reveal how Muslims are portrayed in American media. The present study attempts to answer the following questions: 1. How are the sociological categories employed to describe Muslims as social actors in American animation TV shows? 2. What is the ideology behind the representation of Muslims in American animation shows?
To examine the data, the researcher applies Van Leeuwen's (2008) theory of the representation of the social actor. Based on the findings, the study indicate that the selected shows depict Muslims as unwelcome in their neighborhood because of their perceived threat to American civilization. They did, however, convey their good intentions as the host nation by using some positive language
Keywords: Media, Animation, Islamophobia, Critical Discourse Analysis, Social Actor.

:
The study of urban growth is considered one of the important and basic topics in geographical cities, and it has caused a shift in the architecture of the city towards a trend, the last of which was a reversal against very dangerous backgrounds, so the uses of agricultural land changed to urban use, so that it was distorted in the countryside, so the morphology of sedentary life in the direction was transformed into an urban morphology in depth. The countryside, which contributed to the erosion of the area of agricultural land in a way that detracts from consideration, and a state of social and recreational fees that empties the countryside of its functional contents, in addition to studying the morphology of the settlement at the entrance (village) through the shape of the community, its composition, and the extensions of its residential units, in addition to studying the design of the rural dwelling and its differences. About the city housing and its composition.

Abstract
interested in studying the place and its religious and social connotations among the poets of Quraish. Their poems were full of the connotations of oaths and what they lead to through the poets’ spiritual vision of those sacred words, and the artistic, psychological and intellectual dimensions that religious monuments form in the poet’s imagination. Their poems also reveal the connotations of houses and what they signify. Houses of honor and generosity are human values.

Summary:
This research aims to explain the first element of advertising speech, which is the announcer, i.e. the producer of the speech and the one who directs the message to the other. It has the ability to deliver its message to the recipient without any time or place difference. The preacher directs his sermon in front of the gathering of recipients of his speech, thus embodying his ideas. His visions are in audio images, centered around a frame of reference and proceeding according to a codified linguistic system. His style is characterized by influencing the recipient to convince him of his vision and idea to win him his favor. He employs logical arguments and rational evidence with bursts of emotional aspects to appease and win the recipient’s conscience. He works to provoke him through a group of Various mechanisms and strategies to promote this in favor of its goals

Abstract:
This study objective to find out "the effect of the information gap strategy on the deep understanding of the first intermediate grade students in mathematic In order to achieve the goal of the research، the researcher put the following zero hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the experimental group that will study according to the information gap strategy and the average scores of the students of the control group that will be studied according to the usual method in the deep understanding of the subject. Mathematics، and to achieve this،the experimental method was chosen as a method for the research،and the center of Karbala Governorate was determined as a place to conduct the research students The second high school students were select as the research sample from the academic year (2022-2023) the first semester،and the sample was chosen intentionally، which amounted to (54) students، consisting of two groups، the first experimental، numbering (27) students، and the second control group، numbering (27) students، Equivalence was conducted with a number of variables (previous achievement، chronological age، intelligence test، previous knowledge) and a deep understanding test in mathematics was built as a research tool، At the finish of the experiment، the researcher secondhand the appropriate statistics using the statistical bag (Spss) and concluded that there was a difference in favor of the experimental group.

Abstract
Islam is the religious belief and the social approach for the individual and society, and in all the relationships that arise within society between individuals, between individuals and authority, and between the Muslim society and other societies related to it, whether peaceful or hostile, or have their own different beliefs. Man must use thinking. In the situation of this nation, it is an active use in order to reach more mental images of the things, events, and data surrounding us, present and past, and expand the field of vision of future horizons. Extremism is a departure from the intellectual rules, values, standards, and behavioral methods common in society. In addition to that, the Holy Qur’an pays attention to moderation, urging it, and praising its perpetrator. There must be social peace, which is the state of peace and harmony within society itself and between its segments and forces, and one of the most important basic criteria for evaluating any Society, diagnosing the state of internal relations and God’s blessings on worship, and one of the merits of this shining Sharia is that it came to preserve security and stability and achieve peace for individuals and societies, as security is closely linked to belief in this Sharia.

Summary:
This study aims to shed light on the spatial significances in the poetry of Yas Al-Saeedi, due to their importance in literary studies and their connection to people's reality. The impact of place on the psyche is significant, as it evokes and stimulates in the mind of the poetry recipient connections that may tie them to religion or history, or it may leave a psychological imprint through a memory or experience associated with that place. This study does not merely aim to mention places in a purely geographical sense, but seeks to uncover the meanings they carry, which have had a clear impact on Yas Al-Saeedi's poetry.

During the middle of the seventh century AH, the thirteenth century AD, the Islamic Levant was exposed to a group of internal dangers that lie in the internal disintegration that befell it, especially after the death of Saladin al-Ayyubi on the one hand, and the family conflict between the Ayyubid rulers on the other hand, as well as between them and the remnants of the Seljuks. The external dangers are represented by pressures The Crusaders, then the threats of the Mongols, and under these circumstances the Mamluk state emerged, which was able to be a strong state that took upon itself the protection of the Islamic world, and its rule extended over two and a half centuries .
The history of the Mamluk state is considered one of the important periods in the history of Egypt in particular and the Islamic world in general, due to the circumstances that accompanied its emergence, the Crusader threat on the one hand and the Mongols on the other. However, it was able to challenge and eliminate them and achieve victories that testified to their heroism and courage, and sites remained as witness to this, such as Ain Jalut and Marj. Zero and others .
A group of powerful sultans such as Al-Zahir Baybars and Saif Al-Din Qalawun succeeded in ruling this state. This family was able to retain power for a long period, especially the era of Sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad, whose period was marked by a special character in all aspects, whether the administrative, economic, or social field, as well as what distinguished his period. From the development of foreign relations with various countries .

Abstract
This paper examines some of the ideologies expressed in the chosen novel by Polish-English novelist Joseph Conrad. The investigators utilize a recently developed field of stylistics known as Critical Stylistics, as introduced by Jeffries (2010), to reveal the points of view on the subject matter and the ways in which critical stylistic tools are employed to deceive concepts. The model consists of ten analytic tools that, when applied to the chosen data, demonstrate how the poet uses critical stylistic tools to propagate his ideas and sway his audience. The usage of ten tools as they relate to a specific subset of the data is discussed in this paper. . The findings of the qualitative and quantitative data analysis of the data show that all ten textual-conceptual analysis tools proposed by Jeffries' model are used in the selected novel, with varying degrees of tool utilization; some tools are used more frequently than others. The study discusses a novel by Joseph Conrad, "The Secret Agent" which uses all ten critical stylistic tools to warn against extremism, highlighting its negative effects on life and confirming incorrect assumptions about it, thereby highlighting various ideologies.

Conclusion:
The research was interested in determining the natural environment in the novel (the skull was not an empty head) because of this village, which is called the skull, one of the villages in the province of Babylon, which occupies an important geographical location from it that it is on the bank of the Hilla Beach, a branch of the Euphrates River, where palm groves, citrus and pomegranate plantations fall asleep between the village and the river, which is within the geographical area of the archaeological city of Babylon, the touch of the archaeological construction embroidered on the doors and facades of its homes. Among the religious shrines is the shrine of Imam (Imran bin Ali bin Abi Talib) (peace be upon him) and numbered (Ayman and Amin) children of the mother

Abstract
Literary writers, novelists, dramatists and poets often use different linguistic tools to attain various communicative functions (or more specifically to get at certain artistic, aesthetic and poetic ends). For a variety of style, they regularly manipulate various ways of using of lexical items. One way of utilizing lexical items is through a sequence of habitually occurring words (collocations). Gibran uses different types of lexical collocations with different frequencies in his The Prophet (a book containing prose poems concerning social topics), to achieve various functions. Thus, this paper intends to identify the use of the different patterns of lexical collocations used in The Prophet, to detect their frequencies and to assign functions behind the use of these patterns.

Applying a model comprised of a union of both Benson, Benson, and Ilson(1986) and Moehkardi's (2002) categories of lexical collocation, the data which involve six prose poems entitled Friendship, Love, Marriage, and Children, Religion and Death have been analyzed in terms of identifying the types and frequencies and functions of lexical collocations found in these poems. The study concludes that Gibran richly uses lexical collocational patterns in his prose poems, but with different frequencies and different percentages and purposes. He attempts to enhance the most natural way of presenting ideas and transferring messages to readers.
Further, the most frequent type of lexical collocational pattern used is Verb plus Noun. Gibran makes use of this type to convey the most important information (through poetic lines) more obviously and more informatively. The second frequent type is Noun plus Noun by which Gibran can communicate his unique and powerful voice through his written verses. Other types (Noun plus Verb, Verb plus Adverb and Adjective plus Noun), though less used, are also manipulated to accomplish certain artistic and poetic purposes. He exploits all these types of collocational patterns to make his expression more fruitful and more meaningful, and this consequently offers a better understanding of his poems to his readers.

Summary:
The research took upon itself the task of revealing the buried inner aspirations of an elite group of pre-Islamic poets who concealed their psychological crises and complexes with motives of disguise or conscious escape from their reality, through the system of daydreams that revealed the poet’s repressed and hidden hopes, in addition to the emotional motivations that drove those poets to produce texts. Compensating for repressed desires that they transcended satisfying in reality, they found in daydreams an outlet for their desires and aspirations, so their poetry became a repository of repressed dreams, hopes and desires.

Abstric
This study focused on the geographical analysis of plant production in the Musayyib district, with an area of (928) km2, one of the districts of Babylon governorate represents (18.13%) of the total area of the governorate of ((5119 km2), the subject discussed the cultivated area (cultivated lead) with crops divided according to the agricultural divisions in the Musayyib district, which number (3), namely both (Musayyib Division, Alexandria and Sadat Al-Hindiya), excluded by the Jurf Al-Nasr Division because plant production is currently suspended, the total land suitable for agricultural production in the district 174644/ Dunam Divided into agricultural divisions, and the cultivated ones amounted to 50,211 / dunum, according to the statistics of the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture / Babylon Agriculture Directorate for the year 2023, and agricultural crops were distributed to the agricultural districts in the Musayyib district with 70 districts in the agricultural divisions (Musayyib, Alexandria, Al-Saddah, Jurf Al-Nasr) with (21, 23, 10, 16) districts for each of the aforementioned divisions respectively, while the study showed that the most prominent crops planted in the district are strategic crops (wheat and barley) with a percentage of 26.6% of the total cultivated area In the judiciary and horticultural crops were solved in proportions 51% and vegetables by 13%, while fodder crops and oil crops (sesame) came at rates of 9.2%, 0.14% each, respectively, in light of these data, the study concluded that there is a variation in the areas planted with various crops throughout the disparate study area and proposed some measures that will contribute to increasing plant productivity in the district.