Diyala Journal of Medicine

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is the most common infection of proto-
zoa, affecting a wide range of hosts. Toxoplasmosis is usually asympto-
matic in immunocompetent persons, but in immunocompromised persons
(ex:patients on dialysis) significant problems can ensure, and may pro-
gress to a life-threatening infection.
Objective: To investigate the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibod-
ies in patients undergoing hemodialysis in Baquba / Iraq .
Patients and Methods: A group of blood samples, consisting of 75 dialy-
sis patients and 50 healthy controls, were examined for the detection of
anti-toxoplasma antibodies in Baquba Governorate from November 2020
to April 2021 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG
and IgM.
Results: The total numbers of the 125 samples were examined, 32 (44.0%)
and 2 (4.0%) were IgG-positive for both patients and healthy individual re-
spectively, and the results of the current study showed only 1 (1.33%) was
seropositive IgM for patient group, while no seropositive healthy subjects
was found for IgM . The results showed that the percentage of seropositivity
was higher in 17 males (40.47%) than in females 15 (45.45%) in the group of
patients, but the differences were not statistically significant . As for the age
groups, a positive increase was observed in the age group 11-30 years when
comparing patients and healthy people, as the percentage reached 5
(29.41%). It was also observed that the highest seropositivity in the educa-
tion levels was in the group of patients at the educational level 6-12
(45.45%) than in the healthy controls group, but the differences were not sta-
tistically significant between education levels. Patients living in urban areas
had significantly higher serum (P = 0.0041) than patients in rural areas, and
the odds ratio was 22,000. And those who had contact with cats showed a
significant increase in seropositivity p = 0.0466 and odds ratio was 20.5789.
Conclusion: Dialysis patients are at risk for toxoplasmosis and should be
screened on a regular b

Background: Histidine is an important amino acid with important proper-
ties that enable it to play a vital part in many activities in the human body,
such as proton buffering, metal ion chelation, scavenging of reactive oxy-
gen and nitrogen species, erythropoiesis and the histaminergic system.
This review presents the impact of histidine level fluctuation on the body
function, the physiological role and metabolic pathway of histidine in var-
ious parts of the human's body. Also, we investigated that histamine pro-
duction by Histidine decarboxylase gene and there is relationship between
histidine food intake and level of Histamine in blood, which resulting in
the obesity, anemia and other nutrition issues. In addition, a neurotrans-
mitter is included oin histamine that is widely distributed throughout the
human brain; its deficiency could cause problems in the nervous system.
This study revealed that deficiency of histidine contributed to mental prob-
lems like Parkinson's disease (PD), schizophrenia (SCZ), kidney and prion
disease as well. As a result, histidine is important to keep human body
healthy, and it is also found that hisidine is used as a suitable drug for
people who have schizophrenia. This review revealed that the correlation
between histamine and asthma is still not well understood. So, this review
will open way for researchers to focuses on this aspect.

Background:Meatal stenosis is one of the late and potential complications
of male circumcision in children who underwent circumcision in early
infancy by a heat cautery.
Objective: To estimate the incidence of Meatal Stenosis (MS) in children
who undergone circumcision in early infancy by a heat cautery which had
been done by a medical sub staff in our locality (Erbil).
Patients and Methods: From September 2020 to May 2021, 113 children
were examined in urology outpatient departments at Rizgary Teaching
Hospital/ Erbil after a referral from primary health centers by general
practitioners for evaluation of genitourinary symptoms. All children
included in the study were circumcised during the early infancy period by
heat cautery devices by medical sub-staffs. The examination included a
focused genital system examination focusing on meatus opening and detail
history has been taken from their parents.
Results: Within Eight Months, we evaluate 113 children (13 children
Excluded) in the urology outpatient department in Rizgary Teaching
Hospital/ Erbil City, 55% having stenosis of urethral meatus after
circumcision by heat cautery, and it was most common in group B (6-12
years of age) 34% and 21% in group A (3-6 years of age) and can explain
this either that most of the children represented Group B or might be due to
neglecting by their families.
Conclusion: Circumcision in early infancy using a heat cautery device
may lead to meatal stenosis in children. In our study, the incidence of
meatal stenosis was surprisingly high (55%) compared to other research,
and this can be explained by the fact that non-qualified personnel is
engaging in this surgical procedure or medical sub staffs with
inexperienced medical knowledge and no training course are indulging in
this surgery to gain quick money

Background: Abdominal migraine is characterized by frequent,
paroxysmal, and acute attacks of abdominal pain. There are many
hypotheses which contribute to its pathophysiology, but abnormal gastric
motility can play a role in the disease's pathogens. Abdominal migraine
affects 0.2% to 4.1% of children. Diagnosis of abdominal migraine
depends on history and physical examination, radiological and laboratory
tests which help to exclude other causes of abdominal pain. Treatment is
focused on non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapy.
Objective: To identify abdominal migraine among children in Diyala
province and summarize the relationship between abdominal migraine and
other disorders.
Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Al-
Batool teaching hospital in Diyala Province for 8 months from 1st
November 2020 till 30th June 2021. The target population was the
children who were attending pediatric consultant clinics who were
examined and recorded according to Rome Ⅳ Criteria for diagnosis of
abdominal migraine. A total of 300 children were included in the study.
The information was taken from mothers of children using a questionnaire
that was used for the study of abdominal migraine. All data were
collected by introducing and analyzing information by using computer
(Microsoft Excel 2010 software for windows). Statistical analysis was
done by number and percentage as description.
Results: The results of demographic data were conducted on 300 child their
ages ranged between 3-15 years presented with paroxysmal abdominal pain
associated with at least two of following features as anorexia, nausea,
vomiting, headache , palpitation , decrease school performance and pallor .
Peak percentage of abdominal migraine was seen in age between 6-9years
(54.7%). Females affected nearly equal to males, females were (51.6%) and
males were (48.3%). Regarding the location of abdominal pain, it occurred
mainly in periumbilical site (80%). In children with abdominal migraine,
there was history of migraine headache and motion sickness in first-degree
relatives. There were many triggering factors for abdominal migraine such as
foods like sweets, chinese food, carbonated drinks which were found in
(90.3%) of children and watching TV, mobile,and electronic games for long
time in (96.7%) of children. The duration of symptoms less than 6 months
was seen in (13.3%) of children while the duration of symptoms in between
6-12 months was seen in (60%) of children while the duration of symptoms
above one year was seen in (26.7%) of children

Background: Skin is the outermost covering of the human body that
serves as a barrier from extrinsic etiological challenges including
physical, chemical and biological insults. Ultraviolet (UV)-B (280–320
nm) is the lead environmental agent responsible for causing skin
pathologies, overexposure of ultraviolet radiation, particularly UV-B
radiations, due to high energy and shorter wave length which are causes
for most of the pathological states of skin. Skin cancers are classified into
two main categories, non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and cutaneous
melanoma (CM). While melanoma originates through the transformation
of melanocytes, NMSC arises from other epidermal cells, mainly
keratinocytes, are subdivided into basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Skin cancers are considered to be one of
the most preventable malignancies. By protecting the skin and limiting the
amount of unprotected exposure to UVR, skin cancer risk can be
decreased.
Objective: To describe the demographic and clinical features of skin
cancer and evaluate the harmful effects of excess UVR exposure on
human skin.
Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional stud was conducted at the
dermatology department in Baquba teaching hospital in Diyala, Iraq. A
total of 100 patients were included, in the study, who attended the
outpatient clinic of dermatology department of Baquba teaching hospital,
from first of September 2020 to end May 2021.
Results: A total of 100 patients diagnosed as skin cancer, were eligible for
the study, aged between 30-80 years, The majority of them aged 41-50 years
(39%), 50% of them were males and 50% were females, The majority of the
patients, were laborer (31%), and 22% of them were housewives, Regarding
residence, the majority of the patients (32%) lived in Kalar, and 27% resided
in the Baquba, while just 3% from Mendeley, 83%percent of the patients,
had white skin while just 17% of them had brown skin, and no one had black
skin color, Regarding the affected site of the body, the face was the most
common affected site of the body, found in (52%) of the patients. While face
and neck were the most common affected site in 35% of the patients, and the
least affected site was the face and hand found in 4% of the patients. Of the
total patients, 99% were exposed to normal light while just 1% exposed to
additional artificial light. Most of the patients (65%) said that they were
exposed to the light over, all the season, while 24% of them were exposed to
light just in summer, 8% and 3% of them were exposed in spring, summer
and spring respectively. No one was exposed to light in autumn or win

Background: Characterization of hematological parameters in patients
with sickle cell anemia can direct treatment goals toward strategies
reducing morbidity and mortality rate.
Objective: To evaluate the hematological parameters in a subset of Iraqi
patients with sickle cell anemia in relation to age and gender.
Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was included 30
patients with sickle cell anemia who were known to be at a steady clinical
state with no vaso-occlusive crises. About 5 ml of venous blood was
collected in EDTA tube from each participant. The complete blood count
was conducted according to standard protocol.
Results: The mean age was 7.93 ±2.43 years and the age range was 4 to 12
years. The study included 17 males and 13 females. 29 (96.7 %) were anemic
and there was no significant difference in mean hemoglobin levels between
males and females (p = 0.838). Males demonstrated higher frequency of low
mean cell volume (MCV) and mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) (64.7% and
58.8%, respectively) than females (7.7% and 7.7%, respectively) with highly
significant differences.
Conclusion: Some hematological parameters in patients with sickle
disease are affected by gender but show no significant correlation to age.

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the main causes of acute
abdomen that requires hospitalization and multidisciplinary management.
The spectrum of the disease is wide with variable presentations that mimic
the clinical features of other acute illnesses. Occasionally the diagnosis of
AP is only made at laparotomy, especially when there is doubt in the
preoperative diagnosis.
Objective: To evaluate the findings during exploratory laparotomy for
patients with acute abdomen and were diagnosed as cases of AP
intraoperatively, and to determine the postoperative outcome during the
follow up period for these patients.
Patients and Methods: A retospective study performed at the Department
of General Surgery- Baquba Teaching Hospital- Diyala- Iraq, from
January 2011 to December 2020. Thirty-three patients (16 male and 17
female) were included, all patients had history of acute abdomen with
unknown cause preoperatively, in spite of doing the available preoperative
investigations, and were found to have acute pancreatitis intraoperatively.
A standardized data collection form was completed and analyzed for each
patient.
Results: The patients' ages ranged from 8 to 75 years with a mean age of
40.2 years. The majority of the patients were found to have pancreatic
oedema (66.67%), followed by hemorrahgic pancreatitis (15.15%),
pancreatic necrosis (12.12%) and pancreatic tumours that presented as acute
pancreatitis (6.06%). During the follow up period 13 patients (39.39%)
recovered with no complications while 20 patients (60.6%) developed one or
more complication mainly surgical site infections in 18.18% of patients,
pancreatic pseudocyst (15.15%), death (15.15%), ascites (9.1%), chronic
pancreatitis (6.1%), pleural effusion (6.1%), while ileus, ARDS, DIC and
acute renal failure occurred in (3%) for each.
Conclusion: AP is an important cause of acute abdomen that is associated
with severe mortality and morbidity and a high index of suspicion is
needed to avoid the frequent misdiagnosis. Despite of rapid advances in
the diagnostic strategy, still exploratory laparotomy is indicated in some
cases to reach a sound diagnosis although such intervention is undesirable
and might increase the postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Background: Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of foodborne pathogenic
bacteria that causes serious infections in people around the world. Cattle
are a barrage of E. coli O157:H7, fresh products contaminated with cattle
feces are the common sources for the pathogen. E. coli O157:H7 has the
ability to survive well in the environment. Two main virulence factor
genes of E. coli O157 have been detected in this study, which are
responsible to produce shiga toxin and increase the pathogenicity of this
bacterium.
Objective: To find out the rate of fresh food contamination by E. coli, and
detect the genes responsible for shiga toxin production and increase the
pathogenicity of E. coli among isolates from salad samples.
Patients and Methods: Two hundred salad and vegetable samples were
collected from different restaurants and small shops in Erbil city from
April - September (2019). Samples were cultured on eosin methylene blue
(EMB) agar plates; typical E. coli with a metallic shine appeared.
Polymerase chain reaction technique was used for detecting (uidA,
rfbo157 and stx1, stx2) genes.
Results: Overall, 32% (64/200) of salad samples were contaminated
by E. coli as identified by culturing on EMB agar. Then isolated E.
coli was confirmed by detecting the presence of uidA gene and the rate
was 88% (56/64). Pathogenicity and toxin production detection was
done for all confirmed E. coli isolates, by detecting the presence of
rfbo157 gene (479 bp), among 56 isolates only (4) isolates was
positive for rfbo157 gene, and (7) isolates showed positive result for
shiga toxin.
Conclusion: This study focuses on the serotype E. coli O157:H7, a
high percentage of E. coli was detected in salad samples which
indicated the fecal contamination. The presence of rfbo157 gene and
stx1, stx2 are the indications for pathogenicity and shiga toxin
production respectively

Background: Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common
inflammatory disorders particularly in infants. Multiple factors such as
gender, using bottle-feeding formula, and exposure to cigarette smoking
are thought to raise the incidence of AOM. In infants at age six months or
less, Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common causative bacteria of
AOM. The complications of pneumococcal infections are due to
increasing the rate of antibiotic resistance among the S. pneumoniae
strains that coincides with the increased use of antibiotics and multidrug
resistant which severely limits the therapeutic options and poses a great
threat to public health.
Objective: To determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of S.
pneumoniae in infants aged six months or less with AOM as the most
frequently isolated bacterial pathogens and the most possible risk factors
such as parent smoke and bottle feeding that may increase the incidence of
acute otitis media in infants.
Patients and Methods: A total of 148 infants six months of age or less,
87 males and 61 females with acute otitis media were enrolled in a current
study. Swab from ear discharges were collected and cultured. The
bacterial isolates were identified and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern
for S. pneumoniae isolates was tested.
Results: Among the 148 infants studied with acute otitis media, the
frequency of the isolated microorganisms from infants with otitis media in
male were higher than female and the majority of the infants were bottle feed
and who exposed to cigarette smoke at home. S. pneumoniae was comprised
the most frequent pathogen (40%) in the selected age, and the antibiotic
resistance pattern of 68 S. pneumoniae isolates showed high resistance rate
against penicillin, erythromycin and cefalothin. On the other hand,
imipenem, vancomycin and chloramphenicol were the most effective drugs
against S. pneumoniae isolates.
Conclusion: The current study has identified S. pneumoniae as the most
causes isolated pathogen in infants at age six months or less with acute
otitis media and the majority of bacterial isolates showed a high rate of
resistance against antibiotics and the majority of these isolates revealed
multi drug resistance phenotype. It has been found that children exposed
to passive smoking in the home and who are bottle-fed were at increased
risk of acute otitis media .

Background: Urinary stone is a multifactorial disease which is common
in daily urological practice, and is also a substantial public health problem.
Surgical management of urinary calculi has changed enormously during
the past 20 years. Nowadays, the trend among urologists involved in the
management of patients with urinary tract stones is to choose the less
invasive and more effective option.
Objective: We evaluate the causes of the unplanned hospital visit
following shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), URS (Uretrorenoscope), and
PCNL (percutaneous nephrolithotomy)surgical procedures for stone
disease and determine the predictors affecting on the visit and
readmission.
Patients and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study carried out in
Ghazi Al-Hariri hospital for subspecialized surgery in Medical City
Complex in Baghdad city-Iraq. The duration of the study was 18 months
throughout the period from January, 2019 till June 2020. The majority of
SWL techniques were as an outpatient procedure. The patients received
analgesia and in each SWL session, 3000 shocks were delivered at a rate
of 60 to 90 shocks/min. For URS the patients were performed under
general or spinal anesthesia. In cases where ureteral access was not
possible, insertion of a ureteric stent was the option followed by
ureteroscopy after 14 days. In PCNL the surgical procedure was
fluoroscopic guided , prone position used .This procedure was performed
under general anesthesia.
Results: A 362 patients with urinary stones; 41 unplanned visits were
recorded within one month of surgical operation. The incidence of unplanned
visits after management of urinary stone in Medical City Complex was
(11.3%) and rate of unplanned visits according to management types(
26.6%, 18.8% and 4.6% for PNL, URS and ESWL) .
Conclusion: The rate of unintended visits within 30 days after treatment
of urinary tract was treated at Martyr Ghazi Hariri Specialized Surgery at
the Medical City Complex in the world, and the rate of unplanned visits
within 30 days after the removal of the kidneys The percutaneous route is
the highest, followed by ureteroscopy and the lowest level after
extracorporeal lithotripsy.Factors influenced by unintended visits such as
hospital exit, and not given cafés after exit, insufficient follow-up and
therapeutic mistakes that are still large. Reservation therapy is the perfect
treatment method for treating illegal visits special after the ureter end.
Keywords:Shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithoto

Background: Essential parameters of athletes that enhancing their fitness
and success rate in sports career are body composition and anthropometric
indices, additionally perfect performance of athletes with a prolonged and
intensive season is significantly influenced by dietary intake and training.
Objective: To determine the association between the healthy eating index
(HEI) and body composition among Iran’s Paralympic athletes with
hemodialysis and hemophilia.
Patients and Methods: A study with a cross-sectional design was carried
out, which recruited 100 athletes with hemodialysis and hemophilia who
participated in the 2020 competitive pre-season tests. Sociodemographic,
anthropometric, physical activity, sleep pattern, and dietary intake were
used in the analysis. The quality of the diet was assessed using the HEI
score, with a range of 0 to 100, based on information obtained using food
frequency questionnaire. Body components parameters were assessed
using Bio impedance analyzer BIA (TANITA BC- 418 (TANITA, Japan)
and 7-points skinfold measures, linear regression model was used for
finding the associations between HEI and body composition.
Results: The overall HEI score was 67.81 (grade D) and there was a
significant difference for the mean body fat percent (P=0.001) and mean fat
free mass percent (P=≤0.001) between 7-points skinfold measurements and
BIA. No significant association had been found between the resulting HEI of
the participants with the components of their body composition including,
body mass index BMI (P=0.57), waist circumference WC (P=0.53), waist hip
ratio WHR (P=0.18), fat percent (P=0.76) and fat free mass percent (P=0.76).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the dietary intake need more
improvement, we did not find any significant associations between HEI
(diet quality) with the parameters of body

Background: A significant percentage of patients undergone endoscopic
sinus surgery has septal deviation, that disturb adequate access to the os-
teomeatal complex or to the region of axilla of the middle turbinate. The
good exposure is the most important key to a successful surgery.
Straightening such a deflection improve the access to the work site on the
lateral wall of the nasal cavity.
Objective: To compare the peri and post operative complications be-
tween conventional septoplasty (cottle's method) and the endoscopic pos-
terior limited septoplasty in endoscopic sinus surgery.
Patients and Methods: Forty patients (all of them had a limited posterior
nasal septal deviation ,nasal and paranasal sinus pathology in addition to
septal deformity),were selected and divided randomly into two equal
groups, (by the type of surgery for septal correction. group A which un-
derwent conventional (Cottle's septoplasty), while group B that had en-
doscopic type septoplasty). All patients were assessed in the otolaryngolo-
gy department in AL- Immamain Al khadimain medical city, from Octo-
ber 2016 to November 2017.patients were evaluated pre and post opera-
tively by clinical and endoscopical examination, and followed in a period
of 1week, 1month and 3months post operatively.
Results: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery was the most primary surgery
done, followed by Dacrocystorhinostomy and Endoscopic sphenopalatine ar-
tery ligation .Most common intraoperative complication was mucosal flap
tear which observed more in conventional group, .Regarding mean operative
time for limited septoplasty it was shorter in endoscopic group .Synechia and
delay wound healing as a post operative complication was more in endoscop-
ic group, while hematoma and perforation was more in conventional group.
Conclusion: During endoscopic sinus surgery, limited posterior septal de-
viation can be corrected by endoscopic method which provides better di-
rect visualization of the deviation, more conservative surgical manipula-
tion, shorter in time and less intra and post-operative complications.

Background: Extreme alterations in hematological values and
inflammatory biomarkers affecting dependent variables in clinical tests are
associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus and anemia. Objective: To
investigate some hematological and inflammatory risk factors and their
relation in developing insulin resistance in anemic type-2 diabetes
mellitus.
Patients and Methods: This case-control study was conducted in 190
patients and healthy subjects in the hospital of Layla Qasim Center in
Erbil city and ethical clearance was obtained from the university ethical
review committee. The included subjects were divided into three groups:
non-diabetic (control) group, non-anemic type-2 diabetes mellitus, and
anemic type-2 diabetes mellitus. Blood samples were analyzed for
hematological parameters by Coulter counter analyzer, and biochemical
tests included glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, insulin, and
some inflammatory biomarkers by spectrophotometry and standard
sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay. Harvested data were analyzed by
the statistical package for social science version 23.
Results: The results showed remarkable alterations in glycated hemoglobin,
red and white blood corpuscles, and inflammatory parameters in anemic
type-2 diabetes mellitus compared to non-anemic type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Inflammatory parameters including interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-
alpha exhibited a strong positive correlation with anemic diabetes than non-
anemic diabetes.
Conclusion: We concluded that some hematological and biochemical
parameters were positively related to developing anemic type-2 diabetes
mellitus and can be helpful as diagnosing tools for predicting the
progression of anemic type-2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: The association between man and the head lice is one of the
oldest relationship and its history return to 10000 years ago. Blood
sucking head lice belong to Kingdom Animalia, Class: Insecta, Order:
Phiroptera, Family: Pediculidae, Genus: Pediculus, Species: humanus
and Subspecies: capitis that’s obligate parasite on human this highly
specialized to suck blood and close association with their host where
completed its entire life cycle.
Objective: To determine the rate of infestation by the head lice, Pediculus
humanus capitis and its associated factors among primary school children
in Erbil City.
Patients and Methods: A case control study was conducted on the twenty
two (22) randomly selected primary school in the center of Erbil city. For
this purpose, a total of 1082 students (430 boys and 652 girls) were
examined from first to sixth stage (age ≥6 years old) during 1st October
2020 to 31th May 2021. Personal requested information was recorded by
student parents in a questionnaire form.
Results: An overall prevalence of infestation of 25.5% (276/1082) was
recorded in the present study. Study reveals the existence of a significant
relationship age [6 and < 9 years old , 178/759 (23.5%), and ≥ 9 years old,
98/323 (30.3%), P = 0.0174], gender [girls, 215/652 (33%) and boys, 61/430
(14.2%), P < 0.001], education level of parent (educated family, 146/694
(21%) and none educated family, 130/388 (33.5%), P < 0.001], longevity of
hair [ long hair, 157/473 (33.2%) and short hair 119/609 (19.5%), P < 0.001]
hair washing frequency [daily washing, 243/587 (41.4%), and weekly
washing 33/495 (6.7%), P < 0.001], hair combing condition [common comb
user,165/499 (33%) and special comb user, 111/583 (19%), P < 0.001] and
sleeping habitat [ sleeping together 222/693 (32%) and sleeping habitat
alone, 54/389 (13.9%), P < 0.001]. There’s no significant existence related to
density of students in classroom [ one student per table, 114/486 (23.5

Background:Leukemia is a hematological disease with oral
manifestations.
Objective: To assess gingival health and periodontal pocket depth
of different age groups of both genders.
Patients and Methods: A total of 74 patients (aged 20-70 years)
who were diagnosed with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) were
examined and compared with 74 control group. The oral hygiene
status, gingivitis and periodontal pocket were examined. Dental
plaque was detected by means of the Silness J & Löe 1, gingival
index by Löe H & Silness 2 and calculus index by Ramfjord 3.
While the pocket depth was measured by using Williams probe 4.
Results: Demonstrated that ; the total mean for plaque(1.31) ,gingival
(1.23) , calculus(0.30) scores and pocket depth (2.95) for control group
while the total mean of plaque(1.75) ,gingival (1.57) , calculus(0.45)
scores and pocket depth (3.22) for leukemic group with significant
differences fore plaque (P-value =0.000) and gingival(P-value
=0.004) score but with no significant difference for calculus
score(P-value =0.095)and pocket depth (P-value). =0.103)between
both groups . A larger number and percentage of male suffered from
this disorder than female and a higher number and percentage of
AML were aged between (20-29) years.
Conclusion: AML patients in the present study showed more dental
plaque, more gingivitis, more calculus score and more pocket depth,
compared with healthy patients.

Background: Speckle tracking echocardiography is new technique
to evaluate left ventricular function.
Objective: To evaluate sensitivity and specificity of two
dimension global longitudinal strain ( 2D-GLS) estimated by
speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) to predict the
diagnosis and degree of severity of CAD( coronary artery disease)
in patient suspected to have stable ischemic heart diseases
(IHD).
Patients and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study,
patients underwent echocardiography (TTE), left ventricular
(LV)systolic function were estimate initially, (calculate LVEF)
then assessment of LV global and regional longitudinal
strain (GLS) were calculated next.All patient underwent
coronary angiography in the catheterization unite and according to
the result of coronary angiography, we separated patients into two
groups: one how have significant (≥70%) coronary arteries stenosis
(group A),and another group with non- significant(<70%) coronary
arteries stenosis (group B). The study was done in echocardiography
unit and catheterization lab in Ibn-Albitar center of cardiac surgery,
the study carried out from April 2018 to May 2019.
Results: This study 93 patients were included , there is mean ages
was (60.2 ±6.3) years, majority of cases were males (72.0%), 47.3%
of all cases had ≥3 risk factors, and according to angiography study
(67.7%) had significant CAD .The frequency of DM, dyslipidemia,
and the occurrence of ≥3 risk factors were significantly elevated
in group A(patients with significant coronary artery stenosis ) in
comparison to the group B. Mean EF and GLS were considerably
lower in group A related to group B. There was not much
difference in GLS between single and two vessels involvement,
170