Journal of Al_Anbar University for Language and Literature

This study's theme tune is (Appearances of influence and convergence for Al-Muzaffar Al-Alawi (Dead: 656 AH); The elements of creative text as case study). It aims to study the elements of creative text in ancient Arabic criticism, also, realizing the eloquence and beauty in the poetic texts, appearances and influence that made out by Al-Muzaffar Al-Alawi. These elements enable the researchers to identify them through high sense and tendency. The present research analyzed the memory of tenacities and motives that lead the recipient to understand the intent of the poets, who open doors for receivers to pick up the pearls of meanings and its valuables. In addition, the research used an important ancient criticism source, which prompted Al-Alawi (e.g. Al-Bayan, Al-Tabain, Al-Maushoh, Al-Umda, etc.). The research displayed the elements of creative text, which prompted Al-Muzaffar Al-Alawi to be influenced by the ancestor critics, such as Al-Marzbani, Abu Hilal Al-Askari, Ibn Rasheeq Al-Qairwani and others. Al-Alawi made use from all of them, taking what they said, assembly it a way to improve the poetic text. He revealed the role of produced on the recipient in judging the creative text that referred to in the ancient Arab criticism, revealing the beauty in the creative text that Al-Alawi inferred in his speech about the elements of creative text.

This research aims to study the phenomenon of lineage in the Arabic language from a different perspective. It examines the secondary changes that occurred in the rules of lineage known to the Arabs. These changes are attributed to reasons that made the Arabs tend to deviate from these rules. This sometimes took various forms, including deviation by changing a single diacritic particle to distinguish between attributed names that are similar in meaning. It is a differentiation in the semantics of these names without any overlapping, which might lead to semantic ambiguity. Accordingly, the research is based on identifying these terms and finding out the changes which the Arabs have made on them in order to differentiate their semantic implications. The research consists of an introduction and two sections: The first covers the terms in which the Arabs deviated from their measurements by changing the diacritic of the "fa" of the word from the ‘fatha’ (accusative) to the that of the ‘dhamah’ (nominative) to distinguish the connotation. The second section addresses the terms in which the Arabs deviated from their measurements by changing the diacritic of the "fa" of the word from the ‘fatha’ (accusative) to the that of the ‘kasar’ (genitive) to distinguish the connotation.

This research aims to highlight the significance of knowing the context surrounding the Qur’anic expression or sentence. It also aims to clarify the effect of the context indication on the verses designated by their topics, and find out the relationship between the topic of the verse and the indication of the context in which it was mentioned. To achieve these objectives, the research followed the analytical approach of the verses. This necessitates dividing the context into two parts: the first is the linguistic context (the context of the discourse) and the second is the real context, (the context of the event). The most important findings of the research are the following: There is a clear cut relationship between the topic of the verse and its linguistic or real context.
- Not knowing the context of the verse in its two types leads to errors in understanding and analysing the verses. As a result, it is necessary to comprehend the reasons for the revelation, as well as the replacing and the abrogated verses.

This study investigates the duality of youth and gray hair in the poetry of Al-A’ma Al-Tattili. This anxious duality is one of the important contrasting dualities that are prevalent in the poet's collection. The poet complains of a gray hair that has conquered him, and weeps for a youth that has deserted him. Between these two agonies, he came up with exquisite images, and sublime methods through which he was able to convey the complete picture to the recipient. The phenomenon of mourning the youth and complaining from gray hair is one of the well-known phenomena in ancient and modern Arabic poetry. This study was able to introduce this duality and show its potentials of creativity and distinction. The study adopts the descriptive and analytical approach because of the influence of the surrounding phenomena on the poet. The duality of youth and gray hair has a vital role in the poetry of Al-A’ma Al-Tattili due to its strong influence on the poet’s soul. The poet apparently does not describe the gray hair in its real image, rather he gives free rein to his imagination to paint different pictures of this heavy guest relying in his portrayal on his general knowledge, and on what people are familiar with. The phenomenon of gray hair is not confined to woman’s vision of gray hair and nostalgia, but rather it goes beyond other analogies, including the analogy with day and dust. The poet makes its appearance laughter and pigmentation, and equilibrium with ascetic wisdom and distancing from the pleasures of the world, aging, and weakness. As for the youth, the poet compares it with the days of boyhood, love, passion, and strength

There is a reciprocal relationship between man and his Lord. God bestows His blessing and gift to man in various and multiple forms, the most important of which is the gift of fruitfulness and growth. Man meets this gift by blessing God by praising and glorifying Him and presenting feelings of praise and thanks to Him.
Blessing is the affirmation and permanence of good, and the abundance and increase of good. And the blessing can be divided into a religious blessing, and a worldly blessing, and it is also in its two parts, either sensual or moral, and the sensual blessings are the blessings that are visible to the eye, such as rain and the like, or the blessing or growth takes a moral or spiritual form.
The blessing of the Lord and His granting of man offspring is the most important blessing of all, because His gift of offspring is the one through which human life continues, and man returns this blessing to the Lord by praising, thanking, and glorifying God Almighty.

This dealt with some of the Qur’anic vocabulary that has a well-known general meaning and a special meaning that belongs to some of the eloquent Arabic dialects expressed in the linguistic heritage in the languages. On the lexical side, it was proven, according to the sources of language and interpretation, that the Holy Qur’an used vocabulary from most of the Arab tribes, if not from all of them, and it was not limited to a specific tribe, which is Quraysh, as is common among many scholars. It was possible to say through this research that all Arabs are present in their different languages. In the Holy Qur’an, in these sources and references we find in them many texts that include a clear indication that the specific Qur’anic usage is in the dialect of the specific Arab tribe. It has a specific meaning that approaches or moves away from the general meaning, but does not contradict it. Among the dialectical uses of some Arab tribes through the Qur’anic texts in which these terms were mentioned, we found that these terms have a general and common meaning. And a special meaning for those tribes, and that the specific meaning may be more appropriate in context than the general meaning, although we do not deny all of this the general or well-known meaning, and all this is through returning to the sources of language, strange and interpretation.

This study sheds light on the nature of Al-Amasi's grammatical efforts in his explanation of Ibn Al-Hajeb’s Kafia. This book is considered one of the traditional grammatical works due to its great value. The study attempts to address some questions such as; what are the most important features that characterized Al-Amasi's efforts in explaining Ibn Al-Hajeb's Kafia? To what extent did the author achieve novelty in this regard, or were his exerted efforts in his explanation just a duplication of what the grammarians approved before him? To answer these questions, the study followed a particular methodology to arrive at satisfactory results.

Al-Maghout is considered one of the most prominent poets who used prose poetry to express reality. In his poems, the poet's presence came as an artistic entity through which the poet presents what he feels about his environment, especially since he cares about this environment, the issues of society he lives in and suffers from. The study is divided into two parts: one of them is external, represented in tangible realistic data such as the wind, flowers, the ship, and the silkworm, which reflected the poet’s transformations through them and his occupation of himself. The poet's transformations are also represented by a spatial impression through which the poet expresses his cry for his country as a homeland and at the same time expresses the poet's misery and despair in the face of reality. As for the other composition, it is represented by the internal components that the poet lives through, including conflict, hunger, fear, cruelty, deprivation, anxiety, terror, suffering, pain, harm, nostalgia, loss, dispersion, loitering, etc. These reflect a depiction represented by the poet’s self as a pictorial production and intense symbols that added to the poetic text an artistic language with connotations liable to many readings for the recipients. The study aimed to examine the way the poet embodies his realistic experience into the vessel of art. The study relied on the contextual and the descriptive approach to monitor the tokens of reality and their effects on the poetic experience of Al-Maghout. The study concluded that the presence of the poetic self in the poetry of Al-Maghout has led to a great productivity of the meaning that carried the tokens of reality through the words that had a significant impact on the structural formation to produce his vision towards the world that surrounds him. In addition, the reflections of his self were manifested in his poetic language, in which he described himself and his condition, with artistic connotations that are subject to many readings by the recipients. This made the presence of the poetic self in the poetry of Al-Maghout an open theater for various interpretations.

This study deals with the views of agreement and opposition for well-known grammarian 'Al-Ashmouni'. His views originated in a style that did not deviate from his predecessors, in spite of his opposition to some of them in specific issues. The importance of his book (Tawdheeh Al Tawdheeh), motivated the present study to investigate the issues of dependents that Al-Ashmouni dealt with in (conjunction and adjective)
Objectives: The primary goal of this study is to identify the correct and strongest opinions came up with by indirect comparison between Al-Ashmouni statements and other grammarians. This led to the occurrence of good grammarians.
Methodology: The researcher followed descriptive approach in the study, as she contented herself with presenting the issues as they are, without distorting of the facts, or minimizing what came with it. At the end of each issue, the researcher mentions her opinion, citing what was mentioned in the Holy Qur’an and the words of grammarians.
Results: After the study, the researcher found out the clarity of Al-Ashmouni's personality. It also, had been found that most of his views came in agreement with the preceding grammarians, Sibawayh was the most prominent of them. His statements came in an easy style and understandable words without profanity that did not annoy the reader. It also became clear that none of the grammarians made a mistake, even if the mistake was indirectly and clear to the reader without offense. Al-Ashmouni was far from addressing abnormal issues, as everything he raised had previously been mentioned by the grammarians of the two schools of thought, and this is the most prominent evidence of the validity and strength of the opinions and rulings he brought.
Conclusion: The research summarized the presentation of three demands that were sufficient to know the position of Al-Ashmouni in terms of agreement and disagreement, and the validity of his opinions.

A study of the poet Salah AbdulSabour works displayed his impression by several Arab and international writers who left distinct fingerprints on his poetic experience and critical perception of numerous subjects. The notion of poetry and the poet, as well as what comes beneath them in terms of literary dedication and creative honesty, society and environment, style, language, and music, are among the most important of these themes.
Salah Abdulsabour stated that there are variables associated to the creative poet's vision, and they stem from many related values in his\her life, such as the reality that he represented honestly, and which is founded on his sense of time, thinking, contemplation, and formation. In addition, there are further aspects relating to the linguistic system of phrasal poetry, such as the strength of the word, its inspiration, and the performing style.
In Salah Abdel Sabour's view, literary work contains language in the past, present, and future, and the entry into text reading should be a linguistic entrance, because language is merely a vessel and a method to express the poet's sentiments and feelings about what he feels. As a result, he advocated to importance on the force of the word and the movement of the poem, which allows the reader to uncover the poet's aesthetic traits. The resolution that inspired the researcher to learn about these themes is emphasise the poet Salah Abdel Sabour's viewpoint on these issues as major issues of current criticism. Thus, the research problem was expressed as follows: To what extent was Salah Abdel Sabour able to expose these concerns in his literary theories?

The pens of the researchers conveyed Al. Nahat's attitude towards(Al.Hadith Al.Shareef), and what is attributed to some of them prevented them from citing it, but which proved the opposite So this study came to explain Al.Shalubeen's attitude regarding Al.Hadith and to infer from it, as the witness to Al.Hadith occupied a good space in his book(Hawashi Al. Mafasal).It is noted that Al-Shalubeen’s attitude was characterized by moderation towards Al. Hadith Al. Shareef, that the middle in everything means the best of it, according to the Almighty’s (Thus We have made you a just nation so that you may be witnesses over the people and the Messenger will be a witness over you.gesticulate made us the kiss that I was on her Except Let's know from Continued Prophet of whom overturns On heels and that She was to big Except On Whose Guidance Allah gesticulate It was Allah to be lost your faith that Allah by people Rauf Merciful).Despite the fact that some Al. Nahat was skeptical about Al. Hadith, and the reason for that is due to its lack of melody and the abundance of melody in it, but Al.Shalubeen did not abstain from this the important source. The scholars, grammar scholars, and linguists agreed on the eloquence of the generous Prophet, and this study came to answer several questions:
1- Is it proven that Al-Shalubeen is used as evidence of Al.Hadith Al. Shareef in its footnotes?
2- Was the Shalubeen successful in choosing Al.Hadith evidence that he used as evidence? Whether it is inferred by it to prove grammatical provisions or to indicate a grammatical disagreement, or to indicate a linguistic use.