Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Humanities Sciences

The aim of the present paper is to identify: (the effect of the introspective-based
learning strategy on critical thinking skills of the fourth scientific branch students in
mathematics and physics). To verify the goals of the paper, the following two null
hypotheses were formulated:
1- "There are no differences of statistical significance at the level (0.05)
between the mean of students’ scores of the experimental group who taught
by the introspective learning strategy and the mean of students’ scores of the
control group that was taught according to normal method in the test of
critical thinking skills."

2- " There are no differences of statistical significance at the level (0.05)
between the mean of male student’s scores of the experimental group and the
mean of female student’s scores of the experimental group in the test of
critical thinking skills."

The research sample includes (60) male and female students. The sample is randomly
selected from Al-Wihda Al-Wataniyah secondary private school. The sample is divided
into (30) students for each of the experimental and control groups. The two groups are
equivalent in some variables, where T-test is used for two equal independent samples as
statistical tools. The scientific materials of mathematics are limited to the first three
chapters: (Mathematical logic, equations and inequalities, and rational exponents and
radicals) for the fourth scientific year, 11th edition, 2018, Republic of Iraq - the Ministry
of Education. As for physics, the materials are also limited in the first three chapters:
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(Main parameters of physics, mechanical properties of Matter, and Fluids) of fourth year
Scientific branch, ninth edition, 2018, Republic of Iraq - Ministry of Education.

The two researchers also prepared the teaching plans, which amounted to (25) daily
teaching plans for the experimental group in mathematics, (25) teaching plans in physics
by adopting the introspective learning strategy, and (25) daily teaching plans for the
control group according to the usual method for the two aforementioned subjects
above.

The phenomenon of drug addiction is one of the complex and dangerous phenomena on the
individual and society, and its danger lies in the fact that it affects the human energy represented
by youth, and thus it affects the present and the future of societies, so the current research seeks
to identify the concept of addiction and to identify the most important factors that lead to
addiction among young people, as well as to identify the role of institutions Socialism in
reducing the phenomenon of addiction. The importance of the current research lies in the fact
that addiction poses a danger and a threat to societies, because it affects the human and effective
energy in society. The current research is considered descriptive and analytical research, and it
uses the social survey method to collect information and data as it is the most appropriate with
the study of the topic. The research reached for several results, including:
1-From the respondents' point of view, the research results indicated the danger of addiction on
the individual and society.
2- The results confirmed that family problems are one of the most important factors, that lead to
an individual's addiction, and the companionship as well, which plays a major role in making the
individual victim of addiction.
3- The results emphasized the need to hold seminars and conferences to understand the
phenomenon of addiction, its risks and its psychological, social and economic impacts on the
individual and society.

Geography is the Spatial - science Which deals with natural and human phenomena in
various World areas distributed on maps. These maps display the subject of study within certain
region and clear geographical method that analyzes the possible geographical Opportunities
without reference to underground Phenomenon and outside atmosphere.
Industrial geography is branch of human geography, its main fields is studying the industrial
with reference Place to its genesis and development as it is built on the time factor in a specific
place one of the basic dimensions in the historical method . it also analysis the possible
geographical capabilities to make industry in addition to studying the Structure of These
industries or studying the industrial region which appears in an irregular geographical
distribution in a specific region within regional methodology . it is also concerned with pacific
industrial distribution , Such as food industry in relation to regional or locational factors in the
structural method do logy . moreover , it studies the mutual relationships between industrial
region , and Cities with reference to its neighborhood and how it can provide raw material to the
industries or reaching the industrial productions to their destinations .

The reserch is about studying distribution groves of palm in AL_muthana City and,its
contrast of geography from place to other . because of the reaction nutrual factors
,and humans ,and its dependence on surface water resources.also, plenty of groves
palm are appeared.as like groves of shores of rivers and,groves of middle areas ,and
groves of the parties ,and take each one of them ,they have a certain feature for
other, either distribution of multiple to palms. it became from AL Semawa in the
first center about 351188 of palm ,either AL_ Drajy area ,that has the bad center
,with these are numbers 51665 palm ,either distribution of space to groves are
section to four parties, that contast their space of groves from area to other . it has
many of types palms

The current research entitled (The Mythological Employment of Figures Executed on Greek
Ceramics) comprises four chapters, the first chapter of which is devoted to explaining the
research problem, which was presented and summarized in the possibility of answering the
following question:
• Is there a mythological use of the shapes executed on Greek ceramics?
The first chapter also includes reference to the importance and need for research, as
follows:
1- It adds an important aspect of the ideological thought prevailing in the Greek civilization.
2- Limiting the intellectual dimensions, including the mythological thought of the Greeks and
the extent of the influence of these dimensions on ceramics as a Greek aesthetic
achievement, by stopping at the artistic formulations (formalism) on both the form and the
content.
This chapter also included the objective of the research to define:
• Learn about the mythological employment of figures executed on Greek ceramics.
It also included the limits of research by studying the Greek ceramics (bowls and vases of
cups), which appeared in the Greeks within the extended period of time (between the
seventh century BC and the third century BC).
As for the second chapter, it was devoted to the theoretical framework and previous
studies, where the theoretical framework included two topics, the first of which was an
investigation of mythology: its concept, types, theories developed around it, while the second
topic was concerned with the types of mythology, while the third topic included Greek
mythology, and the third chapter included procedures The research in which the research
community of (25) ceramic works was identified, the research sample and the method of its
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selection with the research sample analysis tool and the definition of the research method
(content analysis method), and then the analysis of the research sample consisting of (4)
ceramic models, while the fourth chapter was devoted To review the findings, conclusions
and recommendations, and among the most important findings of this study:
1. The mythological employment of the figures executed on Greek ceramics appeared in all
the samples of the sample and were divided in terms of their shape into two human and
animal groups. As for the first group, it contained realistic non-distorted mythological forms
as in models (4,3,2,1), and others partially distorted as in Model (1), while the second group
contained distorted (realistic) animal forms as in models (4,2,1).
2. The mythological employment of the form of women as major deities in the form of
several female deities, and each of these deities has a symbolic significance of its own. The
goddess (Athena) appeared in Model (2) and its symbolic connotations are wisdom,
protection, justice and war, as it appeared in real form (Artemis) in Models (1) are the
goddess of beauty, virginity and hunting. As for the goddess (Nick), she is employed as a
minor deity, in partly distorted form, in Model (1) and her symbolic connotation is victory as
it is often employed in its winged form.
The most important conclusions:
1. The mythological employment of figures executed on Greek ceramics provided an
opportunity for self-knowledge differences (the same as the Greek artist) with things as
objects and their subtleties and enabling them to control conscious and unconscious
concerns (mythical imagined), and this is what the Greek artistic productions revealed in
their confirmation of the symbolic and expressive tendency aimed at Creating creative
philosophical contexts that are not bound often by the structure of time and space.
2. Most of the ceramic models possessed an aesthetic rather than functional value through
the mythological employment of the shapes that immortalized the beliefs, ideas, visions and
philosophy of the Greek people, at a time when the models acquired their permanence
characteristic through their mythical themes embodied especially on the surfaces of Greek
ceramics.
This was followed by the recommendations and proposals, the list of sources and
references, then the appendices, the research summary, and the title in English.

This study aims at explaining reading and interpretation in modern critical works in terms of
conceptual origin and procedural usage. It relies on two approaches in explanation and
argumentation: presenting critics’ views and showing their deployment of the theory of
reading and interpretation in Critical Arabic studies. Although the theoretical body and the
basis of this study are Arabic literature, Western studies are not neglected in this research, as
its origins and references have a point of origin in Western thought. This historical origin in
the establishment of the concept has emerged after many methodological problems have
appeared, as reflected in Arabic studies. Nevertheless, reading and interpretation are still
topics of significant importance and require further thorough scrutiny

The aim of the research is to extract the characteristics of the standardized
measure of clemency among university students according to the generalized partial
assessment model. To achieve this, the researcher made scientific steps in the
procedures for analyzing the measure of mercy in particular, so the researcher
performed the translation of the scale from his original language into the Arabic
language and then performed a reverse translation, and after that a specialist in the
English language was used in order to ensure its translation, and after completing
the procedures for the validity of the translation, and to verify From the logical
validity of the paragraphs and extracting the apparent sincerity of the measure of
compassion in particular, the scale was presented to (10) specialists in educational
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and psychological sciences and in light of their observations, the wording of some of
them was modified, and no paragraph was excluded from the scale because it
obtained the required agreement percentage to accept the paragraph at a rate of
(100) Thus, the apparent validity of the scale was ascertained. To ensure the clarity
of the instructions and paragraphs of the scale in the research sample, and to
determine the time required for performance, the scale was applied to an
exploratory sample of (40) students chosen randomly from Baghdad University
students, and it appeared that the instructions and paragraphs of the scale are clear.
The performance time of the scale was determined, and to know the standard
characteristics of the scale, as well as to verify the model assumptions, the scale was
applied to a sample of (600) male and female students from the university / morning
study students. They are chosen in a random, proportional style. In this regard, the
researcher adopted the Generalized Partial Estimation Model (GPCM), which is one
of the models of the modern theory of measurement, and by using the statistical
program (jmetrik).
The results were:
• Appropriateness of the partial estimate model, as it was found that the data
matches the assumptions of the model, and that all the paragraphs have good
characteristics. Then the researcher reached some recommendations and
suggestions.

The aim of the research was to identify the importance of educational guidance and its role in
educational achievement .Follow the descriptive approach,the questionnaire was used as a
research tool .Two questionnaires were applied ,each of which included the practice of
extension services for the educational counselor and its role in educational attainment ,the first
question from the pointof view of teachers and teachers .the study consisted of 65
teachers,school and 242 students and used repetition ,percentage as a statistical method .The
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results :The percentage 74,9% role educational guidance in the achievement from the point of
view of teachers and teachers ,and its percentage64,26%from the point of view of students,the
researcher recommended the need to focus by the educational guide on the performance of his
duties towards the students,especially in adapting them in the school environment,the
researcher suggests conducting a study on the effect of satisfaction of the educational
performance of educational advisor in the school with the academic achievement

The purpose of search is to know heroic of the specialization super visors to improve
the skills of the History teachers.
1- identify the skills of the History teachers for intermediate Secondary and high
schools.
2- identifying the teaching skills according the gender .
3- identify the teaching skills for the teachers who passed guiding program of
teaching.
4-- identify the teaching skills for the teachers who passed the guiding program of
teaching according gender.
and to get the purpose of the research the researcher choosed 50 sample (malefemale) History teachers for 2019 -2018 . He made a special training program for
these teacher contend the t teaching skills of planning training executing and
evaluating after that he made a training workshop for 3weeks and he make a search
list of 45 items of teaching skills for teacher [male-female].after testing the search list
it become contemn [40] items of observing by supervisors to make sure of the
teaching skills of teachers and there lesson planning .
the supervisors found that the exclusion of lesson skill come first and the male
teachers got higher skills than the females teachers.
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As a result the researcher recon ended to give history teachers of the secondary stage
a list of skills and making a research of the supervisors work obstacles of developing
the activity of teacher.

This research aims to review the position of Sharia law books on an issue of great
importance, it is an issue of holding the power by force, and the theorization of it by
jurists. Through this thought, the Muslim jurist has tried to find a consensual view
between the caliphate as a religious, guarantor and sponsor of Islamic society and
the Islamic state, and the overpowering prince who holds the donia power in his
hands, in order that this conqueror does not come out of the caliphate, a kind of
consensus has been found by the jurists, which is to satisfy the caliph with the
religious and nominal authority over the conquering prince, in return, the caliph
conferred upon this conquest a mandate by virtue of what fell under his hand from
the country, and on this basis the relationship between the caliph and the conquest
princes was built.

Dr. Ni’ma Rahim Al-Azzawi is considered as one of the contemporary scholars in
the Arabic language, and he has left many books and researches behind like
facilitation, linguistic criticism, and teaching the Arabic language. Perhaps, his book
(Issues of Teaching Arabic Language - A New Vision) is represented as a distinguished
effort in teaching the Arabic language, and the importance of the book is based on
the employment of Dr. Al-Azzawi for his extensive educational experience in
teaching Arabic in elementary and secondary schools. In addition, to his work in the
Educational Curricula Directorate as well as his participation in writing textbooks. In
his book, he presented several educational issues, including the issue of language
acquisition, teaching the language by automatic and intentional methods, and then
he presented the issue of functional teaching of the language and its skills, and
distinguished in teaching expression between the concepts of composition and
expression, and the last a presentation of the problem of grammar.
This research aims to observe these issues, and others who have studied them, and
to study Dr. Al-Azzawi's opinions, in order to reach a clear vision of the reality of
teaching the Arabic language, and to present proposals to develop its education.

The research is divided into a preface; which presents the scientific biography of
Dr. Al-Azzawi; with three sections and a conclusion. The first section deals with the
issue of the linguistic acquisition, and the second one presents the issue of the
functional grammar and the problem of teaching grammar among students, while
the third section presents the issue of expression, methods of teaching, and finally a
conclusion contains the results that the research has reached to.

The aim of this research is to find out the extent to which the Arabic language
book for the second intermediate grade includes the components of knowledge
economy and the of attitudes Arabic language teachers towards it, and in order to
achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher used the descriptive, analytical
and survey approach, The researcher prepared a list of the most important components
of knowledge economy that should be included in the Arabic language book, and a
questionnaire to find out the trends of Arabic language teachers and teachers of the
knowledge economy components, which is the same as a content analysis form
consisting of (51) paragraphs distributed into four areas: (Cognitive and mental, social
and national growth, technology and communication, economic and environmental).
Truthfulness and consistency were ascertained in them, and the research community
consisted of the content of the Arabic language book for the second intermediate grade,
and the Arabic language teachers for the intermediate level in the schools of the
Hashemite Education Department, of which (68) teachers, And to answer the
questions, appropriate statistical methods were used for the research.
The results showed to extract a list of the knowledge-based economy components
that should be available in the Arabic language book for the second intermediate grade,
The availability of the knowledge-based economy components in varying proportions,
so the cognitive and mental growth field came with a frequency of (1170) at a rate of
(47%), followed by the social and national sphere with a frequency of (954) at a rate of
(40%), and the economic and environmental field came in third place with a frequency
of (201) at a rate of (8%). The field of technology and communication ranked last,
with a frequency of (127), at a rate of (5%), and this indicates the presence of
deficiencies in the economic and technological side, The results also showed that the
attitudes of Arabic language teachers towards the principles of knowledge economy
were positive and to a moderate degree. In light of the results, several
recommendations and proposals were made to conduct other research to complement
the current research.

The phenomenon of drug addiction is one of the complex and dangerous phenomena on the
individual and society, and its danger lies in the fact that it affects the human energy represented
by youth, and thus it affects the present and the future of societies, so the current research seeks
to identify the concept of addiction and to identify the most important factors that lead to
addiction among young people, as well as to identify the role of institutions Socialism in
reducing the phenomenon of addiction. The importance of the current research lies in the fact
that addiction poses a danger and a threat to societies, because it affects the human and effective
energy in society. The current research is considered descriptive and analytical research, and it
uses the social survey method to collect information and data as it is the most appropriate with
the study of the topic. The research reached for several results, including:
1-From the respondents' point of view, the research results indicated the danger of addiction on
the individual and society.
2- The results confirmed that family problems are one of the most important factors, that lead to
an individual's addiction, and the companionship as well, which plays a major role in making the
individual victim of addiction.
3- The results emphasized the need to hold seminars and conferences to understand the
phenomenon of addiction, its risks and its psychological, social and economic impacts on the
individual and society.