Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the oral mucosal surfaces of the
mouth. It affects between 1% and 2% of the general population. It is a potentially malignant disease, according to the
World Health Organization (WHO), with a worsening transformation prevalence of 0e1%. OLP's pathophysiology is
believed to be strongly associated to microbial infection, mental problems, allergic responses, and immunodeficiency,
despite the fact that its source is unknown.
The aim of study: To identify and explain the clinical manifestations, signs and symptoms of patients with oral lichen
planus disease (OLP).
Materials and methods: The study included 50 OLP patients who were selected through clinical examination in this
clinical investigation. Any individuals who were on medication, undergoing surgical procedures, pregnant, or suffering
from autoimmune disorders like Rheumatoid arthritis (Ra) or Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were excluded from
this study. Standardized case sheets were used to record the demographics, medical, social, and pharmaceutical details of
each patient. Before treatment, the site, size, and type of each patient's oral lichen planus lesions were evaluated.
Results: The participants in this study were divided into two groups: group 1 (25) patients with oral lichen planus OLP
(17 females and 8 males) with a mean SD (47 ± 18.35) and group 2 (25) patients with OLP associated with skin lesions (14
females and 11 males) with a mean SD (45 ± 16.23) and an age range of (30e70) years old. Females accounted for (73.4%)
of OLP patients and (54.2%) of OLP with skin lesions patients, whereas males accounted for 26.6 percent of OLP patients
and 45.8% of OLP with skin lesions patients. The reticular form (73.4%) of OLP and (84.6%) of OLP with skin lesions
patients was the most common clinical form of oral lichen planus, followed by the erosive form (26.6%) of OLP and
(15.4%) of OLP with skin lesions patients. According to the clinical appearance of the lesions, the most usually afflicted
region was the buccal mucosa (82% in OLP and 86% in patients with OLP and skin lesions), followed by the tongue
(7%,12%) and gingiva (11%,2%) respectively.
Conclusion: In every group of the current study, the vast majority of patients with oral lichen planus pathology were
females, and the reticular kind of oral lichen planus was the most prevalent clinical manifestation, preceded by the
erosive kind. The buccal mucosa was the most usually affected area in OLP, followed by the gingiva and then the
tongue, based on the clinical characteristics of the lesions]. Patients with the erosive form of lesion had severe
discomfort, but others with the reticular type had mild to moderate symptoms. Each lesion resulted in complaints.

The longevity of any prosthesis depends on the materials from which it was fabricated, which is why defects in the
material properties may reduce the service life of the prosthesis and necessitate its replacement. This study aims to test
the influence of incorporating different weight percentages of thymol micro-powder into the maxillofacial silicone
matrix on Shore A hardness of the silicone. Room-temperature vulcanised VST-50 maxillofacial silicone was used to
prepare the study specimens. Thymol micro-powder was incorporated into the silicone matrix in two percentages
(0.75 wt.% and 1 wt.%). 30 specimens were prepared and then subdivided equally into three groups, with 10 specimens
allocated for each group. These study groups are customised according to thymol content percentage: group A: Control
(without additive); experimental groups B and C: 0.75 and 1 wt.% thymol additive, respectively. ANOVA and post hoc
honesty significant difference tests were utilised for group comparisons (significance level set at P < 0.05). An additional
three specimens, one for each study group, were prepared for the fourier transform spectrophotometry analysis. For the
Shore A hardness test, there was a non-significant decrease in the reported mean values for both experimental groups (B
and C) compared to those of the control group (A) (P > 0.05), while there was no chemical reaction between thymol
powder particles and the silicone matrix. In conclusion, the application of thymol micro-powder did not yield a statistically significant reduction in the hardness of the silicone facial prosthesis. This outcome may suggest that the use of
thymol micro-powder does not contribute to a more realistic or lifelike appearance of the prosthesis.

Overview: The negative impact of diabetes mellitus on the quality of life is not limited to the clinical aspects, it also
extends to the psychological and economic sides of their lives. Deteriorated sleep quality is one of the major factors that
affect diabetics' health-related quality of life. This research is an attempt to track the pathophysiology of sleep disturbance in type 2 diabetic patients by evaluating serum melatonin levels as a key hormone that induces sleep.
Methods: Eighty-eight relatively glycemic-controlled type 2 diabetic patients were recruited in a cross-sectional study to
evaluate their quality of sleep. The study then tends to examine the nighttime serum melatonin levels in both good and
poor sleepers groups.
Results: Poor sleepers were dominant, with 47 patients out of 88. A significant difference was recorded in serum
melatonin levels between good and poor sleep quality. Melatonin concentrations were 17.32 þ 2.26 pg/mL in good
sleepers; on the other hand, poor sleepers recorded mean serum melatonin of 11.15 þ 2.81 (p-value 0.001). Waist circumferences were noted to be significantly different, with a mean of 97.8 þ 11.37 cm and 105.614.34 cm for the good and
poor sleepers, respectively (p-value ¼ 0.007).
Conclusion: Poor sleep quality is more prevalent in the type 2 diabetic sample population, with a significantly lower
nighttime serum melatonin level in the patients with poor sleep quality.

Arthritis is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease that may be due to genetic factors and some autoantibodies, It
causes inflammation of the parts it affects, mainly attacks the joints, affects the feet and hands clearly, and can extend to
the rest of the body organs such as the heart and lungs, and causes tissue damage, generating severe pain in the long
term. It affects women more than men.
It was found from the results of the current research study that there are a number of significant differences between
the patients group and the control group, and the results were as follows.
It was found that the patients had a high rate of rheumatoid arthritis estimated at 71 % compared to the control group,
which was estimated at 29 %. Also, there was a significant variance estimated at) p < 0.05) in the WBC count between RA
patients and control group, which was mean (8.34 ± 1.12, 3.82 ± 0.8 mm/103Þ.
The results also indicated that there was a significant variance by increasing the concentration of Alkaline phosphatase
(ALP) in the group of pregnant women with arthritis compared to the group of control group by
(17.144 ± 7.15,5.412 ± 3.75 (U/l)), respectively. As for the Aspartate transaminase enzyme (AST), the results showed an
increase in the concentration of this enzyme, which means that there is also a significant difference in the group of
patients with the disease compared to the control group and it was (18.721 ± 5.505, 64.23 ± 8.8 (U/l)), respectively, the
results of Alanine transaminase enzyme (ALT) indicated a significant increase in the patients group compared with the
control group of women with a rate of (85 ± 2.42, 43.3407 ± 7.08 (U/l)), respectively.
It was also observed that there was a significant increase) p < 0.05) in the concentration of total cholesterol in the group
of women suffering from generalized arthritis compared to the control group, with an estimated rate of approximately
(18.8320 and 11.336 (mg/dL)), respectively. It was noted that there was a significant increase) p < 0.05) in the concentration
of triglycerides in the group of women suffering from arthritis compared to the control group. The average was
(47.891,39.20 (mg/dL)), respectively.
However, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in concentration of total proteins and albumin, between patients with arthritis between the control group The proportions were for both of them and for the patients and control
groups (82.5 ± 1.03, 61.23 ± 0.9), (45.65 ± 1.9, 30.23 ± 0.74) respectively.
Also, it was found that there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) with serum (K) of RA patients compared to the
control and the mean. (1.43 þ 0.09, 5.6 þ 0.22 (mm/l)) respectively, there were a significant variation (p < 0.05) in serum
calcium (Ca) among patients and control and rate (2.37 ± 0.12, 2.85 ± 0.22 (mmol/L)) respectively, It was also observed
that there was an increase at significant level (p < 0.05) of sodium ion concentration of patients when compared with
value of (Na) in the control and rate 157.5 ± 1.04, 129.42 ± 1.6 (mmol/L)) respectively.
In the current study, we provide a comprehensive perspective to study the criteria most affected by arthritis in pregnant
women, with an emphasis on the importance of early diagnosis of the disease and taking appropriate treatment to limit its
development and its access to the rest of the body and causing greater harm to the patient. We suggest through this study
to carry out future research studies that contribute to the treatment of the disease. Arthritis or reduce the incidence of it,
And the results of this study showed a significant increase in infected women with p < 0.05 more than healthy women.

In contemporary times, nanotechnology has emerged as a notably sophisticated technological discipline. It possesses
an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary nature, spanning a wide array of domains including medical science, engineering, biology, physics, materials science, and chemistry. Utilization of nanotechnology offers a significant advantage
by enabling precise manipulation and control of properties to effectively address specific challenges in various applications. In the fields of science and biomedicine, there has been extensive exploration into the use of functional
nanomaterials, emerging as rapidly advancing and captivating areas of research. Diverse types of nanomaterials,
including silicon nanowires, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, and gold/silver nanoparticles, which have found extensive application in the realm of biology. Nanomedicine presents a multitude of benefits in terms of tailored drug delivery and therapeutic interventions. These advantages encompass safeguarding drugs from degradation, enhancing
drug stability, prolonging circulation within the body, minimizing adverse effects, and improving targeted distribution
within tissues. The current review article study aims to encompass the light-related characteristics, preparation techniques, surface modifications, biological interactions, analysis, durability, and impact on cell viability of quantum dots
(QDs). This study is primarily concentrates on the use of QDs in the biomedical field for the purposes of diagnosing and
treating cancer.