Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: Dermatophytes are humans' and animals' primary causative agents in charge of cutaneous fungal infections. Understanding the epidemic behavior of dermatophytosis, such as Tinea corporis, which specifically affects the
trunk, neck, and extremities, might aid in its prevention.
Aim of the study: The study aims to determine the proportion of Tinea corporis and dermatophytosis, the clinical type
distribution of dermatophytosis, and participant demographics for Tinea corporis.
Method: A cross-sectional study focuses on individuals diagnosed with Tinea corporis in the three general hospitals in
Al-Najaf City the study takes place from April 1st to July 31st. All cases with tinea corporis are included during the
period of the study.
Results: In this study, 190 cases of all ages and genders were included. Dermatophytosis and Tinea corporis were found
in 5.33% and 3.16% respectively among dermatology outpatient clinic attendants. Tinea corporis is the most frequent
type of dermatophytosis (59.29%), while Tinea unguium is the lowest (2.06%). Females exhibit a significant association
with Tinea pedis (p value ¼ 0.002) and Tinea unguium (p value ¼ 0.009), whereas males demonstrate a significant
association with Tinea cruris (p value ¼ 0.021). The age groups 20e29 and 30e39 (20% for each), are more statically
significant to affect with Tinea corporis while 60 years old or higher are the lowest (7.4%) and the mean ± SD is
30.54 ± 16.77. The body mass index mean ± SD of Tinea corporis study participants is 26.19 ± 6.49.87.4% of the participants are urban area inhabitants. 63% of Tinea corporis patients are from low socioeconomic status.
Conclusion: Tinea corporis is the most prevalent clinical type of dermatophytosis. Females significantly demonstrate a
higher prevalence of Tinea pedis and Tinea unguium compared to males. Conversely, Tinea cruris significantly exhibits
a higher prevalence among males.

Background: The prevalence of obesity is on the rise, and with it comes the burden on healthcare systems due to the
increased likelihood of complications such as diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, cancer, and many more. Obesity
manifests in the body as an increase in adipose tissue and the production of harmful chemicals by fat cells. One of the
pathological changes recorded in obesity is the excessive amount of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. An
effective medication for oxidative stress and glucose metabolism regulation, including glucose variability is
semaglutide.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of semaglutide on the hepatic oxidative stress inspired by a highfat diet in male rats.
Material and methods: Twenty-eight Sprague Dawley rats were split into four groups; the control group, the obese
control group, the obese þ vehicle group, and the treatment group. The treatment group received 30 nmole of Semaglutide subcutaneous with a high-fat diet for four weeks. A blood glucose level was obtained from blood samples,
oxidative stress (Malondialdehyde, Superoxide dismutase) was estimated in liver tissue and the changes in animal
weight were monitored throughout the experiment.
Results: The consequences of the examine demonstrated that in the obesity group, there is a considerable rise in body
weight and fasting blood glucose as contrasted with the normal group. The hepatic Malondialdehyde also much
improved in the obesity group, while hepatic Superoxide dismutase greatly diminished in comparison to the normal
group. In the liver, the level of Superoxide dismutase considerably raised in obese rats after treatment with semaglutide.
Fasting blood glucose and body weight dropped with semaglutide treatment compared with obesity group.
Conclusions: Animals fed diet pellets that are high in fat caused an apparent increase in rat weight, leading to obesity.
Semaglutide treatment significantly decreases both blood glucose and body weight. The outcomes of our study indicate
that obese rats treated with semaglutide had a reduction in oxidative stress levels.

Numerous approaches, including the utilization of phytochemical substances, have been developed to aid in the
healing of diabetic foot wounds. Quercetine (Qr) and Silymarin (SM) are flavonoid components which have antioxidant
activity and anti-inflammatory activity properties for burns and wounds healing. Both of them have poor aqueous
solubility and permeability. This research aimed to prepare Qr and SM by incorporating with natural oil as nanoemulgel
and evaluate its characterizations; since applying medication locally ensures patient compliance by delivering the
medicine to the receptor site in an effective concentration at a low dose. The procedure had started by producing eight
formulations produced by mixing the drugs with triacetin oil, tween 80 and transcutol P were used as oil, surfactant and
co-surfactant, respectively. Then, starting the nanoemulsion evaluation and nanemulgel characterizations after choosing
the optimum formula. The optimum formula according to droplet size (30 nm), zeta potential (¡15 mV), PDI (0.287),
drug content (Qr:99.32% and SM:97.89%), transmittance percent (99.9%), pH (6.1), viscosity (110.02 mPa s), TEM
(transmission electron microscopy; spherical nanosized droplet compatible with particle size analyzer), and in vitro
release (around 100%) was F4. The later formula was incorporated into gel using carbopol 940 of 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% (N1,
N2, N3 and N4, respectively). Formula N3 was the optimized produced nanoemulgel as it had better characteristics than
others. In conclusion, Qr and SM were successfully formulated as NE. The optimum formula was formulated as
nanoemulgel. The in vitro release showed successfully sustained release of the drugs.

Background: Obesity is a prevalent health issue that affects people of all ages at a high rate. Tirzepatide (TZP) is a
hypoglycemic medication that acts as a dual antagonist for both the GIP-1 and GIP receptors. Previous reports have
shown that TZP treatment demonstrated substantial weight reduction as well as lipid-modulating effects in obese and
overweight individuals.
Objective: The aim from this study is to examine the potential protective effect of TZP on oxidative stress status and
HFD induced obesity in male rats.
Methods: This research employed a total of 28 adult male SpragueeDawley rats. Normal control group involved seven
rats fed a regular diet, while the other rats received a high-fat diet (HFD). Obese rats separated into three groups after
eight weeks of HFD: obesity, tirzepatide (10 nmol/kg) s.c, and vehicle groups, and treated for four weeks. Data regarding
body weight, blood glucose, and lipid profile, as well as the levels of SOD and MDS in the liver tissue were obtained.
Results: The results have demonstrated that TZP-treated obese rats exhibited significantly reduced body weight, blood
glucose levels, TG and VLDL. Additionally, liver specimens from TZP group showed increased content of SOD enzyme
compared to obese untreated rats.
Conclusion: Treating obese rats with TZP improved body weight, blood glucose lipid profile and elevating the level of
the antioxidant defense.

Background: Rhabdomyolysis is a potentially lethal range of symptoms results from muscle cell destruction. It is
recognized by the escape of cell contents such as myoglobin, creatine kinase, and electrolyte into the bloodstream then
undergo glomeruli filtering. Therefore, among the most dangerous complication of rhabdomyolysis is acute renal injury.
The complex and interrelated processes underlying rhabdomyolysis that ends with acute kidney injury include
obstruction and damage of tubules, inflammation, and intrarenal vasoconstriction (activation of the sympathetic, reninangiotensin). Glycerol is frequently used to inflict this kind of harm when used as a single dose injection that given
intramuscularly to an animal model.
Aim of study: This study aims to evaluate the reno protective effect of ticagrelor in rat model of rhabdomyolysis
condition (caused by glycerol injection) that leads to acute kidney injury.
Methods: Sprague Dawley adult male rats (thirty-five) were classified into (A) group of control (B) group of vehicles (C)
induction group (glycerol) (D) vehicle with induction group (E) ticagrelor with induction group. The markers used in this
study which include renal function tests (blood urea nitrogen and serum creatine) were measured by chemical analysis
while interleukin one beta and caspase3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results: When comparing the induction group (glycerol) to the group of control there is a significant increase in the
serum creatine as well as blood urea nitrogen and renal tissue interleukin one beta in addition to renal tissue caspase3,
on other hand all these markers reduced in the group of ticagrelor in contrast to induction group.
Conclusion: Ticagrelor reduced renal dysfunction in rhabdomyolysis caused by glycerol via reducing the potential for
apoptosis and the body's response to inflammation in addition to its antiplatelets impact.

Eplerenone is a selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist employed to manage hypertension, central serous
retinopathy, and chronic heart failure. It has a highly bitter taste, which reduces patient compliance with the drug.
The aim of this study was masking the very bitter taste of the eplerenone to improve patient compliance especially for
geriatric patient.
The medication was encapsulated utilizing the ionic gelation process, in which a 1% w/w sodium alginate solution was
utilized to form egg box structures. Two different concentrations of CaCl2 (0.5.1%w/v) were used as cross-linkers, and
different drug: polymer ratios were tested. The formulas were evaluated based on their physical appearance, percentage
yield, percentage drug loading, and in-vitro taste masking. The optimum formula (F4) was selected and characterized
using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive
Spectroscopy (EDS).
Finally, this study suggests that the ionic gelation approach effectively masks the intense bitterness by lowering the
drug's release through the mouth pH 6.8 within 1 min. The optimum formula, F4, reduced eplerenone release to 3.2% as
compared to pure eplerenone (57%), under similar conditions.

Osteoporosis is a common disease affecting both sex (male and female). It is non-communicable disease characterized
by silent and slowly development. That mean it start at several years before diagnosed since it is usually diagnosed
when the patient have fractures or bone disease. Osteoporosis can affect people in all countries. For example, 75 millions
of patients are European, American, and Japanese. Postmenopausal is the most common cause of developing osteoporosis. That is because the effect of hormonal alterations during this period. Menopausal term is used to describe woman
who have amenorrhea for consecutive 12 month or more. Osteoporosis are two types: primary which is idiopathic or
resulting from aging and secondary osteoporosis which resulting by presence of underling factors such as drugs, liver
and endocrine disease, and organ transplantation. All these causes result in low bone mineral density. It could affect
both men and women. Bone Mineral Density evaluation is considered the best method to diagnose bone weakness and
evaluate fracture susceptibility. Since low bone mineral density indicate high risk of fractures. Diagnosis of the disease
could be carried out by imagining and laboratory evaluations. Osteoporosis could be treated and minimized fracture risk
by using appropriate agents that are available and proper use could produce good result and improve life of the patients.

Background: Temporary anchorage devices have revolutionized fixed orthodontic appliance treatment through
anchorage controlling in the clinic and play an essential role in resolving many complex cases. There is a possible risk
for roots injury while using inter-radicular micro-implants, this is due to limited space. Therefore, the infrazygomatic
crest area can be an alternative mini-implant insertion site in upper arch.
Objectives: To review orthodontic temporary anchorage devices (mini-implants) used in infrazygomatic crest in terms
of: method of application, material, size of mini-implants, failure rate and advantage over inter-radicular mini-implants.
Sources: Internet sources, such as Google and Scholar PubMed. Selection of study: studies about the IZC regarding the
use of orthodontic mini-implants.
Conclusions: Infrazygomatic crest region is selected to be alternative mini-implant insertion position in the upper arch.
Infrazygomatic crest bone has a double-layered cortex and it in position close to the maxillary center of resistance, which
is appropriate for mini-implant insertion and offers a strong and stable anchorage site, which could offer advantages
over inter-radicular mini-implants.