Academic Science Journal

Ferrite nanoparticles with the spinel-type structures Cu1-xZnxFe2O4 (where; x= 0.0 to 1.0) were synthesized using auto-combustion sol-gel method. Auto-combustion reaction temperature was determined by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TG), and found it is in the range of (200-220)°C. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) showed two absorption bands (v1 and v2) that are attributed to the stretching vibration of tetrahedral and octahedral sites in the spinel structure. X-ray diffraction was used to study the structural properties of the above investigated ferrites. Powder-forming particle sizes were characterized and calculated by XRD pattern peak (311) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a result the average particle size found to be in the range of 15-30 nm. The lattice parameter (a) was calculated for each composition and it is in the range of (8.2733 to 8.3720 A°). A significant decrease in density and subsequent increase in porosity were observed with increasing Zn content in Cu-Zn ferrite.

Two new surfactants were synthesized from renewable materials via click chemistry. The starting materials are carbohydrates (e.g. methyl glycoside) and fatty acid derivatives based on both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with a total chain length of C12 and C18. Target applications of these surfactants focus on the stabilization or emulsions, in particular water-in-oil emulsions. The synthetic scheme applied a multi-step methodology, including activation, functionalization and finally coupling with fatty acids derivatives by using click chemistry technique. Surfactants were identified and their purity confirmed by NMR type 1H and 13C in addition to high resolution mass spectroscopy. Physical properties were studied by optical polarizing microscopy (OPM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and surface tension measurements. Lyotropic phases were investigated by contact penetration with water under the OPM, while surface tension measurements used the DuNouy ring approach. The latter enables the determination of critical micelle concentrations

four coordinated complexes for divalent metal ions : Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Cd have
been synthesized using bidentate Schiff base ligand type (NN)formed by the condensation of
o-phenylenediamine , p-methylbenzadehyde and furfural in methanol. The ligand was reacted
with divalent metal chloride forming complexes of the types :[M(L)Cl2] where : MII=Mn, Fe,
Ni, Cu, and Cd . These new compounds were characterized by elemental analysis,
spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, U.V-Vis, 1HNMR (for ligand only and atomic absorption) ,
magnetic susceptibility, chloride content along with conductivity measurement. These studies
revealed that the geometry for all complexes about central metal ion is tetrahedral.

Three transition metal-Phthalocyanines are investigated (metals= Co,Ni,Cu) using semi
empirical methods. PM3 and ZINDO/S have been used because they maintain transition metal
parameters. PM3 has been used for geometrical optimizations, while ZINDO/S has been used
for single point calculations to predict the electronic energy states. The last one is showed
better results for single point calculations while the former was better for geometrical
optimizations. The symmetries reached were D4hforCuPc while it was D2h for CoPc and NiPc.
The obtained bond lengths compared with reported experimental and more sophisticated
theoretical methods values. The results were in good agreement. The obtained molecular
orbital energies were of reasonable accuracies. Nevertheless, these methods are much faster
when compared with expensive Ab-initio methods that need high performance expensive
computers. Three dimensional plotting of electronic charge distributions and electrostatic
potential isosurfaces have been plotted as well.

The synthesis and characterization of new complexes of Fe3+, Ti3+ and Cr3+ with the
ligand of 7-[2-amino - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole - 5 - yl - dithio acetamido] desacetoxy
cephalosporanic acid (cephalo H) in both neutral and basic medium were described.
The complexes are of the general formula [M (cepahlo H) Cl2] Cl and [M
(cephalo H) Cl2] [where M = Fe3+, Ti3+ and Cr3+; cephalo H = 7-[2-amino - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole - 5 - yl - dithio acetamido] desacetoxy cephalosporanic acid; cephalo = deprotonated
of cephalo H. They are characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity and infrared
spectrum. The ligand exhibited a tetradentate manner forming the most probable
hexacoordinated geometry.

This research was carried out to study the effect of Agaricus bisporous mushroom on
reducing the sugar and cholesterol in blood and determine its activity on improving the
bactericidal power of serum collected from a group of healthy volunteers. So, about fifty
healthy volunteers from both sexes ranging in age from (20-30 years) and of a weight
between (65-100 kg) were included in this study.
Results of nourishing (150g) of Agaricus bisporus mushroom as a diet to about (40) healthy
volunteers from both sexes twice a week for two months did not show any change in body
weight mass (BW) compared with the controls after two months of mushroom administration.
However, a significant difference (P <0.05) in serum glucose and cholesterol concentrations
in both (male and female volunteers of the study) was detected. In addition, the effect of
Agaricus bisporus mushroom administration on the bactericidal activity of normal serum was
also studied and a significant difference (P <0.05) in the bacterial colony counts especially in
the colony counts of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus was recorded. Moreover, the
ethanolic extract of the Agaricus bisporous mushroom showed a significant (P <0.05)
antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus strains only.

The present study was conducted for the period from 1st/ August/ 2010 to 30th/
November/2011 in Baquba city.The study aimed to explore the diagnostic capability of two
laboratory techniques namely; rapid latex agglutination test, enzyme-linked immunosorbant
assay for the detection of rotavirus in stool specimens of human. The study included 120
patients with acute diarrhea, 70 were male and 50 were female. The age range was from two
months to 5 years.Detection of rotavirus in stool specimens was done by direct agglutination
test (DAT) and Enzyme-liked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). The results of present study
showed that the overall infection rate by rotavirus among patients with acute diarrhea by DAT
and ELISA tests was 70% and 93.33%. The sensitivity and specificity of DAT and ELISA
tests in detecting of RV in human stool specimens were 75.56% and 66.67% for the DAT test,
whereas, 91.3% and 66.67% for ELISA test. The study concluded that rotavirus was detected
in high rates among children less than 5 years old with acute diarrhea in Baquba city,
particularly those less than 2 year old. Furthermore, the detection rate by ELISA was higher
than by DAT test, suggesting that ELISA is the most appropriate method with excellent
sensitivity and specificity for detection of RV in stool specimens in a setting like that in
Baquba city.
Key wards: Rotavirus, Acute diarrhea, ELISA.

We have studied the effect of gamma radiation on the absorption spectra of Poly
methyl methacylatc doped Blue methyl (PMMA:Blue methyl) films deposited for thickness
(25 ± 1 µm) by using solvent casting method. Transmittance and Absorptance spectra have
been recorded in order to determine reflectivity. These films show that the energy band gap
has decreased from about (2.16eV) before irradation to about (1.97 eV) and (1.21 eV) after
irradiation .
The optical constants such as refractive index , extinction coefficient , real and imaginary
parts of dielectric constant have also been studied , It was seen that all the parameters under
investigation were affected by gamma irradiation.

Anew series of chemical compounds derived from 7,8-Dichlorodibenzo [b,d]
thiophene-2-carbxylic acid were prepared. Reaction of 7,8-Dichlorodibenzo [b,d] thiophen-2
ethyl ester with hydrazine hydrate yields ,acidhydrazid. Dithiocarbzate prepared by reaction
between carbon disulfide and carbahydrazide.4-amino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole Prepared by
reaction of thiocarbazate with hydrazine hydrate. Schiff bases prepared by reaction of 4
amino-3- mercapto-1, 2, 4-triazole with different substituted aldehydes. Seven membered ring
compounds prepared by reaction of Schiff bases with maleic anhydride. The chemical
structures of the products were characterized by (F.T.IR and 1H,13C. NMR), antibacterial
activities of some of the prepared compounds were studied against four – kinds of bacterial.

For this study a total of 135 healthy person (71 female, 64 male) were eligible. Their urine
samples were assayed for adhesion test, and from 94 persons of them blood samples were
taken for agglutination assay. Data from the results indicated that agglutination properties
was found in E. coli and Proteus with (A+, B+, AB+, AB-, O+, O- ) human erythrocytes. While
Klebseilla and Pseudomonas were able to agglutinate few types of human erythrocytes. The
adhesion mean of bacteria were increased significantly with age increasing. No significant
differences were appeared between the types of bacteria used in the assay. Significant
variation was noted between the bacterial adhesion mean to cells with six, the adhesion mean
was apparently more in females than of males. The bacteria were adhered significantly more
to uroepithelial cells obtained from positive blood group antigen persons, the highest rate was
for AB+, A+ blood groups and the lowest was for B- in both sexes for all types of bacteria
used.

This paper presents an iterated and iterated retarded integral inequalities and explicit bounds
to unknown functions on some iterated and iterated retarded integral inequalities are
established.

. ٟThe aim of the present work is to use (ARIMA) model (Auto Regressive Integrated Moving
Average) in the treatment of the cuts in time series of evaporation data. Time series of
monthly average evaporation data (1971-1999) has implemented in our study .It has been
observed that the above mentioned model can be used and operated in the treatment of cuts
in particular the increased of pre cuts data as when the input data (348) month the value of
(MAE,RMSE, R2) is (0.0978, 0.140574, 0.997544) respectively and hence decrease the
accuracy with decrease of data. It is also noted that if the input (120) month (MAE,RMSE,
R2) is (0.3055, 1.079692, 0.889669) respectively.

DuaaAdnanKadhum Alutb

The Stady was conducted during December\2009 till March\2014 at the laboratory of
Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, College of Agriculture and Education for Pure Science in the
University of Diyala to objective of propagate of Marianna Plum rootstock By using tissue
culture techniques and the Media of MS Salts nutrients was used and culture maintaining in
16 h light and 8 h darkness per day .The results showed that the addition of Benzyladenine (
BA) at the concentreation 1 mg.l-1 gave the heighest number of shoots to 3.4 and the shoot
length to 3.9 mm from single node after 8 weeks of culture , however the addition of
Kinetin( Kin.)at concentration 4 mg.l-1 increase shoots number to 3.2 and shoot length to 6.0
mm as compared with 1.0 shoot and the shoot length to 6.0 mm as compared with 1.00 shoot
and the shoot length to 9.4 mm in the control treatment.The results of callus initiation showed
when the explants cultured in medium supplemented with 3 mg.l-1 BA enhanced initiation
and growth of callus , when the medium supplemented with 0.3 mg.l-1 IBA( Indole-3-butyric
acid) and 3 mg.l-1 BA , stimulated formation
of the adventitious buds in the callus.2 mg.l-1 Kin. Enhanced shoot length of the adventitious

(Zn1-xFexO) (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8) thin films were prepared by Chemical Spray
Pyrolysis technique, on glass substrates at a temperature of (400 °C), The optical properties
were studied by recording the absorption and transmission spectra in the range (350-900) nm,
the optical constants such as (absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient and optical
conductivity) were calculated for the films as a function of photon energy, we found that the
transmittance and the optical band gap for the direct allowed electronic transition decrease
with the increasing of (Fe) concentration.

This paper includes the study of X-rays to simulate a range of energies (E = 5.5,
7,8,17.5,22.5) KeV in the elements (Mg, Si) and with different thickness., And compared the
results obtained with the program (XCOM). Was calculated linear attenuation coefficients and
mass of the linear relationship between the logarithm ( ln ), and the thickness chosen for
the elements. Calculated and also all of the electronic density and the cross-sectional area of
atomic materials mentioned above, Present research results they are compatible with the
results computed within the program (XCOM

The aim of this study is to assessment the level concentration of plasma homocysteine and
vitamin B12 for patients with type II diabetes
mellitus and their relationship with other
biochemical variables.
The study included 54 patients aged (36-80 years) consists of 29 females and 25 males,
compared with 26 healthy subjects aged(26-68years) as control group, consists of 14 females
and 12 males.
It was studying the relationship between diabetic patients group and healthy control
group through the study of variables which include the concentration of homocysteine(HCY)
,vitamin B12, insulin, insulin resistance(HOMA-IR), glucose,B. urea, creatinine, cholesterol
(CH), Triglycerides (TG), high density lipoproteins (HDL-ch), low density lipoproteins
(LDL-ch), and Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL-ch), and the results have showed the
following:
Existence high significant elevation at the level of probability (p≤0.001) in Homocystine
concentration, level of insulin resistance, and glucose concentration , and presence significant
elevation at the level of probability(p≤0.05) in Insulin, LDL-ch, VLDL-ch, Ch, and TG
concentrations, and there are significant decline at the level of probability (p≤0.05) in the
concentration of B12, for diabetic patients when compared with the healthy group. Existence
significant elevation (p ≤ 0.05) in Homocystine, insulin concentration, and level of insulin
resistance, and existence significant decline (p ≤ 0.05) in the concentration of B12, in diabetic
patients when compared with healthy control group according to body mass index.
Existence high reverse significant correlation between homocysteine and B12 in diabetic
patients and healthy group, and existence extrusive correlation between Homocysteine and
insulin resistance in diabetic patients. And also existence extrusive correlation between
homocysteine and age groups in the healthy group , and existence reverse correlation between
homocysteine and VLDL-ch, in diabetic patients,

Discriminant analysis is use in situations where the clusters are known a priori. The aim of
discriminant analysis is to classify an observation, into these known groups. For instance, in
credit scoring, a bank knows from past experience that there are good customers(Who repay
their loan without any problems) and bad customers(Who have had difficulties repaying their
loans). When a new customer asks for a loan, the bank has to decide whether or not to give
the loan. The information of the bank is given in two data sets: multivariate observations on
the two categories of customers(including age, salary, marital status, the amount of the loan
and the like)

In order to diagnose some types of yeast Candida spp. This study was conducted at the
Department of Biology - College of Education Pure Sciences for the period of July - 2010
until February 2011.The results showed that 41.24% of the samples positive direct
microscopic examination and planting and 36.08% positive in transplantation and negative in
microscopic examination and 10.30% positive microscopic examination and negative in
transplantation and 12.38% negative in microscopic examination and transplantation.
Diagnosed types of yeast Candida spp.Through phenotypic characteristics and transplantation
and biochemical tests.Where showed the type of yeast Candida albicans and C.tropicalis
susceptibility to germ tube configure، and the ability of species C.albicans and C.glubrata on
configure the chlamidospore، and the ability of types C.tropicalis and C.krusie on the growth
surface، the results also showed capacity of yeasts C.glubrata, and C.albicans and
C.tropicalis and the C.krusie fermenting sugar glucose, yeast C.tropicalis showed their ability
to fermenting sugar Galactose، and distinguish type C.glabrata all species C.albicans and
C.tropicalis and the C.krusie its ability to representation of the sugar Lactose, the percentage
of Candidiasis cells adhesion to epithelial cells of the mouth 17.5%, 10.0%, 7.6% and 4.0%
for yeast C.albicans, C.tropicalis C.glubrata , C.krusie respectively. the ability of Candidiasis
to produce analyst enzymes of fat phospholipide 0.33, 0.29, 0.26 and 0.19 for yeast
C.tropicalis, C.glabrata, C.krusie respectively.