Medical Journal of Babylon

bstract Heparin is widely used antithrombotic agent for the treatment and prevention of thromboembolic
disorders in medical and surgical patients. One of the most important side effect is thrombocytopenia which may
lead to life threatening haemorrhagic and thrombotic complications. The condition is known as heparin induced
thrombocytopenia (HIT type 2). [1-3]
To determine the frequency, timing of HIT and its complications in the patients receiving unfractionated
heparin (UFH) .
The study done on the patients who were admitted to cardiac care unit in Merjan teaching hospital in
Babylon city, suffering from acute myocardial infarction( AMI) or unstable angina (UA).The patients received
UFH for a period varies between 5-10 days. The duration of the study was 6 months, from April 2004 to
September 2004.60 adult patients included in the study, with age varies between (28-84) years old. 40 patients
received intravenous heparin (IV) and 20 patients received subcutaneous heparin (SC).
We considered that normal platelets count is (150-450 x109/L) and thrombocytopenia type 2 with platelets count
less than 150 x109/L, or decrease in the platelets count to less than 50% from the baseline.
Baseline platelets count, haemoglobin, haematocrit, leucocytes count, activated partial thromboplastine time
(APTT) before commencement of heparin therapy.The diagnosis of HIT based on platelets counts (direct visual
method) and not on serological tests.
Mild thrombocytopenia (type 1) occurred in (12/40) in I.V route with a percentage of 30 % and in
(3/20)(15%) in S.C route heparin.
5% of patients who received SC and IV heparin developed Type 2 HIT. The platelets count ranging from (90
120 x109/L) in IV route and the platelets count was 60x 10 9/L in SC route.The onset of thrombocytopenia was
between the day 5to day 7.No clinical complications occurred in both routes. So HIT is a common complication
of heparin.

Proteinuria and hypertention are predictors of poor renal and cardiovascular outcome in patients with diebetice
. We tested the effect of dual blocked of the renin - angiotensin system (RAS ) in patients With diabetic
nephropathy ( DN) .
We performed a randomised trial with 2 months treatment of 80 mg valsartan added to catopeil ( 100mg /day )
. We included 12 patients with DN .At end of each treatment period , proteinuria , blood pressure and
glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Were measured .
Addidition of 80 mg of valsartan to patient on ACE inhibitor (captopril) induced a mean reduction in
proteinuria of 40%( p- value <0.001 ) ,a reduction in arterial blood pressure of 10 mmHg systolic , and 6 mmHg
diastolic ( p-value = 0.-09 and 0.012 respectively ) . GFR remained unchanged significantly .
Dual blockade of the RAS offers an addition renal and cardiovascular protection in patiens with diabetic
nephropathy .
ﺔﺼﻼﺨﻟﺍ :

Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a major lipid peroxidation product that is mutagenic and tumorigenic. MDA-modified
DNA adducts have been detected in animal and human tissues and may be a marker of human cancer risk. An
immunohistochemical method, using a previously generated monoclonal antibody specific for MDA–DNA
adducts, has been developed for the detection and quantification of DNA damage in human oral mucosa cells. The
method was used initially on mice liver cells treated with and without MDA, and then applied to the detection of
adducts in oral mucosa cells of smokers and non-smokers. Levels of DNA damage were elevated in 25 smokers
(mean relative staining intensity 97 ± 41) compared with 25 age-, and sex-matched non-smokers (74 ± 17, P <
0.02). These results demonstrate that MDA–DNA adducts can be measured in single cells of human samples by an
immunohistochemical method. This methodology provides a simple way to monitor MDA–DNA damage and
should be useful for studies investigating the role of exogenous and endogenous agents in oxidative stress and
carcinogenesis.

Abstract
Carcinoma of the cervix is one of the most common malignancies. Papanicolaou (Pap) smear tests have reduced
mortality by up to 70%. Nevertheless their interpretation is notoriously difficult with high false-negative rates and
frequently fatal consequences. We have addressed this problem by using affinity-purified antibodies against
human proteins that regulate DNA replication, namely Cdc6 and Mcm5. Our materials were obtained from 100
smears and 60 cervical biopsies specimens taken at colposcopy clinics. Twenty-seven biopsies showed high-grade
squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), and 14 showed low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs).
Normal cervical tissue was obtained from age-matched patients undergoing hysterectomy for diseases unrelated to
the cervix (n = 19). These antibodies were applied to sections and smears of normal and diseased uterine cervix by
using immunohistochemical technique to detect abnormal precursor malignant cells. Antibodies against Cdc6 and
Mcm5 stain abnormal cells in cervical smears and sections with remarkably high specificity and sensitivity.
Proliferation markers Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen are much less effective. The majority of
abnormal precursor malignant cells are stained in both low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions.
Immunostaining of cervical smears can be combined with the conventional Pap stain so that all the morphological
information from the conventional method is conserved. Thus antibodies against proteins that regulate DNA
replication can reduce the high false-negative rate of the Pap smear test

Abstract
A lapin adult and baby experimental model were elected to assess the bacterial RES clearance . The
clearance indicator was Klebsiella pneumoniae (5 × 109 (viable cell/ml) / Kg),the inoculation route was
intravenous (IV) , the clearance time was one hour post an IV injection and the judjment criteria for clearance
ability were the remaining viable count of K. pneumoniae in tissue homogenate cultures . The highest clearing
effeciency was that of blood followed by liver, lung and then spleen in babies, while the highest was blood , lungs
, spleen , followed by liver in adults . The mean whole adult clearing efficiency was higher than in baby ,
comparing K. pneumoniae clearance to E. coli clearance indicates a lapin E.coli enhanced clearance than K.
pneumoniae clearance.