Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)

The study was conducted in the Bamerny sub-district of Duhok Governorate to identify the extent
obstacles facing backyard chicken breeders. Sixty chicken breeders were comprehensive selected.
Questionnaire of three fields of obstacles facing chicken breeders: production, marketing, and
diseases, covering 16 obstacles was prepared. The results showed that (60%) of the respondents
mentioned that the obstacles they face are medium and large size obstacles. The results also
indicate that the obstacle (high cost of transportation) ranked first among (16) with an average of
(4.017), while the obstacle (inappropriate environmental conditions) came in the last rank, with an
average of (1.59). The results also shows that most of the respondents were younger than 30 years
(46.6%) and had been educated beyond Primary and diploma levels (25%). As clear most of the
respondents (70%) had experience in chicken production was ten years and more. The results
illustrate that for most of the respondents (58.3%) their chicken houses capacity was between 20-
52 birds. The results of the research showed that the level of Sources of information used in
chickens’ production (53.3%) degrees, in a small group. problems and obstacles facing the
individual backyard chicken breeders can be addressed a supported through government agencies,
active extension services, and stakeholders to solve their problems, access relevant information,
and uptake improved management techniques.

Three natural plant extracts (Aloe vera, garlic and licorice), indole butyric acid (IBA) and three
rooting media (soil, peatmoss, and soil + peatmoss 1:1 v/v) were used to study their effects on
rooting of hardwood stem cuttings of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Thompson Seedless. The research
was undertaken during January 15th
– May 10th 2021, at Ankawa Ornamental Nursery, General
Directorate of Agriculture – Erbil, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources, Kurdistan
Region- Iraq. The results revealed that, plant extracts were near to IBA in promoting rooting
attributes, since garlic treatment significantly improved fresh and dry root weight, rooting
percentage and root index. While, licorice enhanced root shoot ratio other than IBA. Moreover,
rooting media (peatmoss and soil+ peatmoss) enhanced average number of roots, root dimeter fresh
and dry root weight, rooting percentage and root index. While the effect of the interaction between
the pretreatments and the rooting media differed on the rooting of cuttings and the growth of plants,
garlic with soil+ peatmoss, and Aloe vera with each peat moss and soil+ peatmoss have recorded
the highest values. Lastly, it could be concluded that using plant extracts as IBA alternatives for a
clean environment with suitable rooting media have an effective impact in rooting of grape
cuttings.

The study aimed to estimate the net solar radiation(RN) and the Land Surface
Temperature(LST) in Dayla River Basin using the SEBAL model and remote sensing using the
Landsat - 8 satellite image. Seven satellite images were selected for the period (1, jan 2020; 4
Fer. 2020; 23 Mar. 2020; 24 Apr. 2020; 10 May 2020; 11 Jun 2020 and 13 Jul.2020). Digital
processing and mathematical algorithms were conducted to perform Incoming Shortwave
Radiation and Outgoing Longwave Radiation, NDVI, SAVI and LAI…ect. The net radiation
(RN) and surface temperature (LST) were calculated using ERDAS and ArcGIS software. The
results reached Rn (373.2-80.1, 460.1-59.1, 640.4-179.6, 759.3-0, 752.4-72.9, 738.1-87.1 and
738.4-5.2) wath/m2
respectively, and the results of LST were (38.5-8.5, 25.7-11.5, and 36.8-
17.0) and 43.2 – 22.1, 56.6 – 23.5, 67.5 – 30.8, and 66.1 – 31.3) Co respectively.

For this goal, four types of soil improvements were used (Industrial biological fertilizer, such
as dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in three concentrations (3, 6, 9 g-L
), Biofertilisers
with one concentration, organic matter, such as humic acid and folic acid with one
concentrations as well as control. These seven applications were administered to Cucumber
plant in an R.C.B.D. design with three different replications
The outcomes show that when use the results show that using dry yeast (6 g-L
) has a
significant difference in (P0.05) on the soil PH that decreased to 6.8 as well as Nitrogen
contain 4.8%; available phosphorus 40.5ppm; potassium 2.9ppm. Humic acid has a
statistically significant (P0.05) influence on EC, P, O.M., Biofertilisers have a statistically
significant effect (P0.05) on Ca (22.04ppm) soluble ,Folic acid made a significant (P0.05) effect
on soils E.C. ( 0.73ds-m), A comparison between effects of the treatments on cucumber yield
and number of days until harvesting, green group system, root group system, and TSS (total
soluble solid) it become clear that Yeast 3g-L give the significant difference (P0.05), treatments
Humic acid, Biofertilisers, Yeast 3g-L
give a significant difference (P0.05) on green group
system and root group system.

This study has been conducted in the northern region of Iraq in the Dohuk governorate,
Zakho district, Batufa district, Banka village, on the irrigated Populus nigra L. trees with an
area of (50) hectares. The aims of estimating the dry weight of the various elements of the tree
above ground, and it was based in this study on the collection of primary data From the trees,
by taking stratified random samples from the study site, and collected the basic data for the
study by dropping ( 35) Populus nigra L. trees , were weighted in their different parts above
ground , as well as taking secondary samples from each tree and all its elements to prepare
laboratory samples, using each From field and laboratory data and various regression methods available in the Statgraphics program came up with equations for estimating the dry biomass
of different tree elements above ground, and that each of these equations were tested with
accuracy measures (corrected coefficient of determination R2-adj, standard error SE, DW test,
and residual analysis test), all the way to the best equation chosen to estimate the dry weight
of any of the different tree elements on a surface, individually or in combination.

Effect of adding three levels of guar powder to the local flour was studied, and the addition rates
were 2, 2.25 and 2.5%. The chemical composition of all mixtures was estimated, as the values of
the proportions of the components varied among themselves according to their chemical
composition. The rheological characteristics of the studied mixtures were studied, as the
absorption rate of Water 65.7, 69.1, 69.5 and 70.0% for treatments A, B, C and D respectively, as
the increase in the added Guar ratio improved the absorption rate because of its excellent properties
in binding water, and the values of the maturation time/min were 2.3, 2.8, 3.0 and 3.1 minutes for
all transactions, respectively. As for the stability period, it was 4.9, 6.5, 6.6 and 6.8 minutes for all
transactions, respectively. The addition of guar powder at a rate of 2.5% improved the storage
period of the product and preserved its organoleptic characteristics.

Afield experiment was carried out at field of College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok
during winter season 2020 -2021 to investigate different bio-fertilizer and promising chickpea genotypes on yield
and yield components.
The experiment designed in factorial experiments complete randomize block design with three replications.
The results showed that the effected of chickpea genotypes, bio- fertilizer and their interaction between them on
the most studied traits. The chickpea FLipo7- 245c was superior in the plant height (65 cm), first pod height (39
cm), number of nodules per plant (29.25), 100 seed weight (44.33 g) comparing with FLipo7-223c genotype.
Concerning the bio – fertilizer, the rate 6 kg ha-1
recorded the highest values for all studied traits except number
of pods per plant with increasing in yield 33.9% comparing with zero bio-fertilizer. Also the interaction between
chickpea genotypes and bio-fertilizer were significant for all traits except number of nodules per plant and 100
seed weight (g). For these results, the chickpea was responded to different rate of bio-fertilizer and its important
role in the most yield components. The simple correlation coefficient gave high value between yield and main
branches (0.63) and first pod height 0.74 and also this study exhibited that the main branches per plant, number
of pods per plant and plant height were the major contributed to seed yield.

The experiment was applied in the autumn season (2021 AD) to study the growth and yield
of corn, the American variety 6664 DKC for two different levels of irrigation determinants A1
every four days and A2 every eight days and groups of urea fertilizer B1 no addition and B2
addition (200 kg/ha) and B3 addition (400 kg/ha) e) and different levels of Biochar (eucalyptus
wood) C1 add no and C2 add (7 tons/ha), C3 add (14 tons/ha), and C4 add (21 tons/ha) using the
(RCBD) design and with three replicates. The results of the experiment showed significant
differences between the determinants of irrigation and urea fertilizer and Biochar and the
interaction between them and for all the studied traits. The levels A1, B3 and C3 were characterized
by giving the highest average over the rest of the classes for the characteristics of plant height
(229.74, 235.68 and 243.59) cm and leaf area index (5.00 5.48, 5.64), chlorophyll content (43.45,
47.78, 47.88) CCI, the weight of 500 grains (134.31, 136.21, 138.22) g, total grain yield (9.48,
10.18, 10.81) ton/ha, and total dry weight (18.83, 19.72 and 21.39) tons/ha, according to the order.
The interaction of the combination A1B3C3 gave the highest average in plant height, leaf area
index, and weight of 500 grains amounted to (258.40 cm), (6.50) and (142.12 g) according to the
order, which did not differ significantly from A1B2C3, A2B2C3 and A2B3C3. As for the
chlorophyll content, the combination A1B3C3 excelled with the highest rate of (55.14) CCI and
did not differ significantly from A2B3C3, while the combination A1B2C3 characterized the character of the total yield by giving it the best rate of (12.12 tons/ha), and it did not differ
significantly from A1B3C3 and A2B2C3 and A2B3C3. In contrast, in the dry weight character
A2B3, the two combinations, A1B3C3 and A2B3C3, were characterized by giving the best weight
(23.50 ton/ha), and they did not differ significantly from A1B2C3. We conclude from the study
that treating the soil with 14 tons/ha of biochar increased the urea fertilizer to 50% and increased
the limits of irrigation to 8 days, meaning that the application of (14 tons/ha) biochar + (200 kg/ha) urea fertilizer and irrigation every eight days It was sufficient to meet the nutrient and moisture
needs of the US 6664 DKC maize crop.