Academic Science Journal

There are many applications of the optimal solution problems such as the traveling salesman
problem (TSP) and the location pickup and delivery problem (LPDP ) , the group theory is
widely used to solve such problems where the solution space of these problems become larger
and larger as the nodes of the problem increase and the searching begin by constructing a
neighborhood of the known solution and then lock for the optimal solution in this
neighborhood and in the other neighborhood if these neighborhood are communicated , but if
they are non-communicated the searching will stuck in one neighborhood and will never find
the optimal solution if it was in another neighborhood . For this the searching in this case was
began in 1999 see [1] . In this research we will study the constructing neighborhood using
template strategy under the action of a conjugation classes of n-cycles and under the action of
subgroups of n S and their transition matrices. And using conjugation strategy under the
sylow p-subgroup of p S and discuss their transition matrices.

A series of four membered ring of azetidin-2-one (11-20) have been synthesized via Schiff bases(1-10) by reaction of different aromatic aldehyde with un substantiated benzidine in absolute ethanol and two or three droop glacial acetic acid then reflux for (2-3) hours . Schiff bases then reacted with S-Benzylthioglycolic in the presence of triethylamine with phosphorusoxychloride using dry methylene dichloride under inert nitrogen atmosphere at 0 ˚C. to give us the corresponding azetidin-2-one. The structural of these compounds were monitored and confirmed by using TLC , spectroscopic tools as IR ,1H NMR, and Elemental analysis.

Effective atomic number (Zeff) ,electron densities (Nel) , half value layer(HVL) and mean free path (mfp) has been determined with the help of semi-empirical relations for Iron, Copper and Silver at energy range 0.36 to 1.33MeV .The study proved the coincidence of the experimental and theoretical values of effective atomic number while the electron densities and mean free path are found nearly remain constant as a function of energy.

Barcode is used to determine not only the price of the product but also to protect companies’ rights by preventing copycat. Encryption, in the other hand, is used to make the information unreadable and not forgeable. It is used in trading and political mails also it is used in banks for money transfer.
The authentication in this research was built for persons who work in security companies and governmental institutes, but for simplicity access to students’ identification cards they were used in implementations.
In this research student’s information were encrypted then converted into barcode, this barcode was added to student’s identification card as a hidden watermark. The barcode will be used for verifying authenticity.

The study was designed to investigate the effect of Nigella sativa seeds as crude and oil form on the concentration of some plasma proteins. forty eight male female volunteers (20-35) years old in Kirkuk city were included in the experiment .Twenty four of them received orally crude Nigella Sativa seeds 2gm/ day for six weeks. The other twenty four volunteers were received orally Nigella Sativa oil (NSO) 10ml/ day for six weeks. Blood were collected by vein puncture at the beginning of the treatment and considered as control and then at the end of second , fourth and sixth weeks of treatment and considered as treated groups . The serum were separated by centrifugation .Tests were carried out for measuring some serum proteins. Statistically significant differences between group means for control and treated values were identified with the use of analysis of variance (F-test). Results revealed that treatment of female volunteers by NSO increased the concentration of serum globulin and total protein at the end of fourth and sixth weeks of treatment significantly(p≤0.05) .The treatment of male volunteers by NSO increased the concentration of serum globulin and total protein at the end of sixth week of treatment significantly(p≤0.05). Treatment of volunteers with crude Nigella Sativa seeds increased the concentration of serum albumin in females at the end of the second and fourth weeks significantly(p<0.05) . Concentration of serum globulin and total protein in both sexes significantly increased(p<0.05) at the end of second week and continued to the end of the experiment. The globulin to albumin decrease significantly (p≤0.05) compared to control in both sexes with both types of treatment during different periods of treatment resulting from the increment of globulin levels. It is concluded that the treatment of volunteers with Nigella Sativa seeds as crude and oil fraction revealed to have a significant effect on serum proteins specially globulin and total protein during different periods . The crude form possesses more potent effect than oil fraction to in crease serum protein levels .

The present work is study some parameters which affected on the fiber formation of polymer (PVA), nanofibers have been prepared by using an electrospinning method, by using different concentration and the applied voltage and the gap length were changed. It was observed that the fiber diameter change with the applied voltages influence , the polymer concentration and the distance change between the electrodes

The theoretical study of Sputtering for gold atoms irradiated by normal incidence of Ar , Kr and Xe ions depend on energy and atomic number (Z1) of ions and atomic number (Z2) of the target , the essential dependence of sputtering is the nuclear stopping power .
The Sputtering yield of Au atoms irradiated by Xe ions are larger than that of other bombarding ions. It was found that the sputtering yield of Au atoms increased
up to 300 keV for Kr ions and 400 keV for Xe ions , after that , the sputtering yield is decreased , on the other hand , sputtering of Au atoms decreased for 100-1000 keV of Ar ions , this results depend on deposited nuclear energy ( nuclear stopping power ), which in turn depends on the masses of bombarding the ions and the target . It was also found that sputtering yield is directly proportional to the ratio ) Z1/Z2) at constat incident ions energy for the same target.
This study is the tool to indicate what are the energy and kind of irradiated ions used for getting the required sputtering yield of gold atoms to apply for different technological uses .

The objectives of this research were to calculate the cross sections of 73Ge(n,α)70Zn reaction by inverse reaction, the stopping powers for α-particle with (Zn) element and n-Yield.
The Q-value and threshold energies for (α,n) Reaction have been calculated for (Zn) element were ( -3.908642931MeV) and (4.13237799MeV) respectively for the neutron emission from 70Zn which was bombard by α-particle .
In order to get the mathematical equation that represents the cross sections as a function of α-particle energy , the computer program (Mat-lab version 7.6) was used.
The cross section of 70Zn(α,n)73Ge reaction have been plotted in fin steps from (6.2-9.0) MeV of alpha particle energy by P.H.Stelson , F.K.Mc. . We observed that the high probability to produce 70Zn by bombarding 73Ge with fast neutron (4.6983)MeV and semi empirical formula.
These cross sections together with the stopping powers were calculated from the Zeigler formula were used to calculate the n-yield for reaction .

The spread of Gram- negative bacteria with plasmid-born Extendend- Spectrum β - Lactamases (ESβLs) had become aworldwide problem, that enzymes confer resistance to penicillin,cephalosporin the first, second and third generations and aztreonam via hydrolysis of the antibiotic ,that sample collected from urine and sputum sample .five isolates from forty- four of Klebsiella pneumoniae was production ESβL (11.36%).
Tested for susceptibility using Disk diffusion method ,and determination of (MIC)by standard agar dilution method ,and phenotypic detection of ESβL by using disc approximation method.

Tetradentate macrocyclic ligand (L) having nitrogen and oxygen atoms was prepared by condensation of the diethyl malonate with 4-nitro phenyl hydrazine in ethanol. An ethanolic solution of ligand (L) and an ethanolic solution of 1, 10-phenanthroline were reacted with ethanolic solution of metal salts to give complexes with the general formula [M(L)(phen)]X, where L=N,N-bis(4-nitro phenyl) malonyl dihydrazide, phen= 1,10-phenanthroline and M= Cr(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II). The resulting product was solid, which have been characterized using FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Elemental analysis have been performed using C.H.N and atomic absorption technique, the magnetic susceptibility and the conductivity have also, been measured. From these measurements, mixed structures of the complexes were proposed to be octahedral geometry and to study the coordination behavior and spectral.