Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences

Deep Learning incorporates numerous hidden layers and more rooted combinations that average Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), to produce more refined and better performing autonomy in learning algorithms. An incredible volume of literature details and improves upon Deep Learning related methods and their improvement through the years as well as their suitability in uses. Nevertheless, the primary focus of the literature review is not the enlistment of these techniques hence a concise overview will be provided over the mechanisms before delving into the intended applications.

In this research, we discuss the removal of basic fusion (BF), and crystal violet (CV) dyes by strontium hydroxyapatite supported BiOI. In a modified hydrothermal model, one can synthesize BiOI/SrHA. BiOI/SrHA was characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible (UV-vis) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy diffraction X-ray (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM outcome confirmed the dispersion of BiOI onto strontium hydroxyapatite. The shape of the BiOI catalytic samples overlapped with each other to form 3D hierarchical flower-like structures. The UV-visible was used as a radiation source during photocatalysis. BiOI/SrHA had an effect on malachite green dye degradation. The oxidative removal occurred through hydroxyl radical formation. UV-visible (UV-vis) BiOI/SrHA showed perfect photocatalytic property for the decay of Basic Fuchsin (BF) and Crystal Violet (CV) from an aqueous solution. According to kinetics analysis, the dye degradation rates could be in a pseudo-first-order model.

Gestational diabetes always accompanies an increased maternal and neonatal risk. Insulin is the standard therapy but causes multiple complications. Metformin has less complications. This study aims to assess the efficacy of metformin in controlling maternal blood glucose level compared to insulin in women with gestational diabetes.
Gestational diabetes always accompanies an increased maternal and neonatal risk. Insulin is the standard therapy but causes multiple complications. Metformin has less complications. This study aims to assess the efficacy of metformin in controlling maternal blood glucose level compared to insulin in women with gestational diabetes.
A randomized controlled trial conducted in the obstetric department in Salah Al-Deen general Hospital during the period from 1st February - 31st July 2022. Total sample of 100 pregnant women suffered from gestational diabetes at (24-28week) gestational age were recruited randomly. The patients were divided into two groups: 1-Metformin group (50 patients). 2-Insulin Group (50 patients). Fasting and post prandial blood glucose levels 2 h after breakfast were done at each visit and HbAlc each trimester. Follow up was continued till delivery to evaluate the pregnancy outcome.
The mean HbAlc was significantly higher among Insulin group (5.8± 0.5) than in Metformin group (5.4 ± 0.8). Preeclampsia was lower among Metformin group (14%) than Insulin group (19.6%). hypoglycemia episode was significantly lower among Metformin group (14%) than Insulin group (41.3%), Caesarean delivery was higher among Insulin group (58.7%) than Metformin group (37.2%). The mean birth weight was significantly higher among Insulin group (3761.4±470) than Metformin group (3540.9±338). Prematurity was found among (8.7%) of the Insulin group in comparison to (4.7%) of the Metformin group. Prematurity was non significantly higher among Insulin group (8.7%) than Metformin group (4.7%) .
Metformin is effective and safe in the glycemic control of gestational diabetes, with better maternal and neonatal outcomes.

The objective of this study is to detect affective response of children to facial expression based on alpha power density of brain activity. Electroencephalography data were collected from 10 typical children. The alpha power temporal information of active brain regions was extracted. Performance of the power spectrum feature was evaluated in emotion recognition process using K nearest neighbor, a regularized least square and multilayer perceptron classifier. A statistical analysis indicated right alpha activity during negative and calm emotional states. Statistical results showed significant difference between rest conditions and emotional state. The best accuracy we got to detect emotional states is by using regularized least square that is 70%.

Background: Infertility is the inability to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months of regular and unprotected sexual activity. Increases in child-bearing delay and maternal age at first pregnancy significantly impact the rise of age-related infertility and the demand for treatment using assisted reproduction techniques (ART). As a result, many women with a low ovarian reserve and a poor ovarian response (POR) to conventional stimulation seek medical assistance at infertility clinics. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the quality of oocytes and embryos, as well as the rates of conception, in infertile women who were candidates for fresh intracytoplasmic sperm injection between good and poor-responder women (ICSI). Patients and methods: The study was conducted on 45 infertile women undergoing ICSI at the High Institute for Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies/ Al-Nahrain University/ Baghdad/ Iraq from October 2021 to April 2022, regardless of whether they had previously undergone ICSI. The morphology of the oocytes and the quality of the resulting embryos were assessed. The patients' ages ranged from 20 to 42 years old. There was primary and secondary infertility ranging from one to 20 years. Every couple had a basic reproductive assessment. The antagonist protocol was used for all infertile females. All females had their serum levels of AMH, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and oestradiol (E2) measured on the second or third day of their cycle. The serum oestradiol (E2) level was re-measured on the day of the hCG injection. Results: The participants in the study were 32.6 ± 5.3 years old. The findings showed that 57.8% of the patients had a well response, and 24.4% of the women were pregnant. In those who became pregnant, anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) levels were significantly higher, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were noticeably lower (p> 0.05). The E2, LH, prolactin, and progesterone levels were not statistically different (P> 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings revealed a positive relationship between response and ICSI outcomes in infertile women.

Background: Performance indicators are used to assess patient safety, efficacy, equity, patient-centeredness, punctuality, and efficiency. The benchmark values for each Key Performance Indicator are aspirational values, and the minimum performance level values are the number of fertilized oocytes on Day 1 and the Normal Fertilization Rate, respectively (presence of 2Pro Nucleus and 2Polar Body measured at 17 h post-injection) as a Failed fertilization rate is calculated as the proportion of IVF cycles (excluding cycles with intracytoplasmic injection) on Day 1 (17 hours after insemination) with no signs of pregnancy.
During fertilization (i.e., 0 oocytes with 2Pro Nucleus). The percentage of zygotes on Day 2 (44 hours after insemination) is known as the cleavage rate, and it can suggest an issue with sperm quality (sperm function, oocyte activation, and gamete receptors), sperm processing, or the quantity of spermatozoa used for insemination. which cleaves to create embryos. The percentage of cleaved embryos per successfully fertilized egg that are at the 4-cell stage on Day 2 (44 hours post-insemination) or at the 8-cell stage on Day 3 (68 hours post-insemination) is known as the embryo development rate. This evaluates the viability and quality of the embryos as well as the capacity of the culture system to promote cleavage at the necessary stages. The critical factor is the proportion of blastocysts observed at 116 hours after insemination as a function of the number of correctly fertilized oocytes. Measures of performance blastocyst development rate. The viability of the embryo as well as the culture system's capacity to support blastocyst formation from fertilized oocytes (i.e., the formation of an intracellular mass and a blastocoele cavity) are both determined by this factor. It should be noted that this phrase only considers blastocyst formation and not blastocyst stage or quality. The damage rate is the proportion of oocytes that are injured or have deteriorated by the time of fertilization assessment on Day 1 as a result of the intracytoplasmic injection. The percentage of biopsied and tubed/fixed samples where DNA is found represents the success rate of the biopsy. It serves as a gauge of the embryologists' ability to transfer biopsied samples to test tubes, as shown by successful DNA amplification. The number of gestational sacs divided by the total number of transplanted embryos is how one calculates the implantation rate, which is dependent on the cleavage stage. By dividing the number of gestational sacs by the total number of transplanted blastocysts, the implantation KPI (blastocyst stage) is calculated.