Tikrit Journal for Political Science

The Arab-Israeli conflict is one of the most complex and protracted conflicts in modern and contemporary history. It is a comprehensive and multi-faceted conflict in its political, military, economic and cultural aspects, which has gained wide international attention due to the importance that the Middle East poses to the world. David, to our present time through the Madrid Peace Conference in 1991 and the Oslo Accords of 1993, efforts to resolve the conflict have not succeeded and the situation has remained the same as the result of the positions of the parties concerned and the interventions of the external parties. The Viti and the United States individually strong ally of Israel\'s role in the settlement of the conflict and the marginalization of other parties especially the United Nations and the European Union.

After the second Gulf War 1990-1991, the United States found in power politics what could achieve its interests. The difference is clear in the power capabilities between it and other countries, which gives it a copy to deal with the aspirations and policies of those countries with greater flexibility, so that the latter cannot implement policies that intersect with US interests. And if necessary to achieve American interests, it will not hesitate to use force in coercive manner against it.

Tripartite Negotiating philosophy: (strategy - tactics - technique)
At the beginning , the research consists of four sections as follows: The first axis ti-tled: "what negotiation", and the second axis: "philosophy of negotiation," The third ax-is titled: "negotiation strategy".
Down to the fourth axis which included titled: "negotiating tactic", Sajama with the past and as a supplement came fifth axis titled: "negotiating technique", to be the bottom line in the form of a set of conclusions.
• Negotiation consists of a base triple hierarchical strategy - tactics - technique.
• The philosophy of negotiating interactive basis of rationality.
• Negotiable three parties are the position and the case and the parties involved.
• Is the process of negotiating strategic recruitment capacity and capabilities to achieve the desired goal of the crisis prematurely.

The term globalization was widely used in the last decade of the twentieth century, especially at the end of the Cold War, and the resulting collapse of the Soviet Union and the socialist camp, as well as the absence of ideological competition, so structural changes occurred in the international environment represented in the openness of political borders, and the exclusivity of the United States America as a superpower, which prompted it to reformulate its policies towards the countries of the world in a manner that perpetuates the dependence of these countries on it politically, economically and culturally.

Energy sources, oil and natural gas, are of great importance in international competition and its impact on international relations, as well as the importance of oil and natural gas in preserving the position of countries in hegemony and the global economy, as well as the level of economic development. This is what calls the major economic powers to pay attention to this type of energy sources and try to obtain more of them, whether through bilateral economic agreements and interest in the investment process or through wars

Theoretical curricula in all disciplines are a basic requirement that feeds the minds of the recipients intellectually and cognitively in the various scientific and cognitive stages, and it is the framework that distinguishes academic understanding from the chaotic, and it is one of the most important and prominent keys to thinking and success in that specialization or field, no matter how traditional and classic it is in proposition and application. Because it is unreasonable and logical to delve into the core of any topic without inspecting and searching for its intellectual and historical foundations to find out the reasons and causes that surrounded that idea, which was subsequently approved as an important science that constitutes a contribution to the field of humanities of our competence or other applied sciences from the other side.

This study attempts to diagnose the changes witnessed by the American foreign policy in the Middle East, in both of Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama administrations, this phase witnessed shift at the level of the visions, beliefs and attitudes. which reflected on the nature of the of dealing with the issues of the region , and embodied the most prominent features of change to adopt the U.S. policy toward the countries of the region in a general principle encapsulates policies , texture pressure in order to establish the values of democracy and human rights as a philosophy and a general principle , and inwardly save its interests in the Middle East , the United States sought for six decades in middle east countries to achieve stability on the expense of democracy , and through the support of totalitarian existing regimes , and cracking down on the opposition .but the events of September 11 forced them to change the approach to foreign policy encouraging democracy and claim to impose reforms. the study exposed to the George W. Bush hard doctrine, unilateral, military tool that give superiority to the implementation of the objectives of its foreign policy,