Journal of Kerbala for Agricultural Sciences

Bisphenol A (BPA) is determined as an organic material, with municipal and industrial wastewater being the primary sources of contamination with BPA in the environment. This study aimed to enhance understanding of BPA removal by investigating the biodeg-radation capacity of bacteria found in contaminated soil. Molecular detection of specific genes that may be responsible for biodegtion of BPA. So, 32 swabs were taken from polluted soils from different areas in Kerbala province/ Iraq. These isolates were subjected to examine their ability to degrade bisphenol by using MSM with BPA as the sole carbon source for bacterial growth. By using a specific primer for the Cytochrome C gene (bisAB operon), the detection of this gene was done, and the current study found that, out of 20 isolates that could grow on the media containing BPA as a sole carbon source15 isolates harbouring this gene that suggested de-graded BPA. The current study concluded that using local isolates of bacteria isolated from polluted soils could effectively remediate BPA from the media containing it as only a carbon source. The operon of the bisAB gene is detected in most isolates, and this gene is suggested to be involved in BPA degradation.

An abnormality of lipid metabolism known as hypercholesteremia, which causes blood cholesterol levels to be abnormally high, is a significant health concern. This research, in light of its association with neurodegenerative disease, is of paramount importance as it aims to elucidate how elevated cholesterol levels impact glutamate levels, BDNF, Synapsin K, and ARC gene expression. Ten male rats were meticulously assigned to a control group and another group that was given a 1% cholesterol supplement for 28 days. Each group received a random assignment of rats to ensure the validity of the results. Samples of homogenized brain tissue and serum blood were obtained after the experiment's completion, following a meticulous experimental design. Triacylglycerol (TAG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol (TC) values rose significantly, whereas HDL and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) fell sharply, according to the study's findings. The results indicated that hypercholesteremia had a negative impact on glutamate levels, BDNF, and synapses due to oxidative stress, while synapsin-1 levels in brain tissue remained unchanged. There were also notable decreases in serum and homogenized brain tissue concentrations of NO and GSH, along with increases in MDA. Additionally, there was a noticeable decrease in glutamate levels in brain tissue and down-regulation of the Activity Cytoskeleton Association protein gene (ARC gene) expression.

Osteoporosis is characterized by bone loss density and deterioration of bone tissues, with osteoclasts typically being the only cells capa-ble of resorbing bone. In this experiment, we aimed to investigate the effects of physical exercise, specifically treadmill use, on osteo-clast activity. We used 24 male rats, randomly divided into three groups: the control group(C), the osteoporotic rats given daily 200mg/kg BW for 8 weeks in the D-gal group, and the rats in the third group given daily 200mg/kg BW with a Treadmill 25m/h dai-ly for 5 days weekly in 8 weeks (D-gal + treadmill) group. Serum blood was drawn for biochemical analysis of PTH, Vit D, calciton-in, and minerals (Na, Ca, K, P). The results showed a significant in-crease of serum PTH, Vit D, calcitonin & Ca in the osteoporotic rats compared with other groups, while serum Na and K showed a sig-nificant decline in the osteoporotic rats group as compared with other groups. The impact of the treadmill was observed in a signifi-cant decrease in the level of serum PTH, Vit D, calcitonin & Ca compared with the control group. This suggests that the treadmill may have a regulatory effect on these calcium homeostasis regula-tors. The study concludes that D-gal affects the bone of the experi-mental anime by causing an imbalance in the hormones that are re-lated to the bone and causing an imbalance in the serum mineral, which plays a critical role in Osteoporosis.

Potassium dichromate is a powerful oxidizing agent that is used in numerous industrial and laboratory procedures. It is known to cause cancer, but it can also exacerbate respiratory problems, burn skin, and even induce lung cancer. A popular herbal supplement, ginseng also has multiple medical applications. It could have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in addition to increasing energy and cognitive performance and decreasing stress. to examine whether male rats may be protected from the harmful effects of potassium dichromate by using ginseng nanoparticles. Seven distinct animal species were included in the study. Every one of the 42 rates makes use of 6 male rats. The rats exposed to potassium dichromate had significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lower levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) compared to the other groups in the study, indicating that it had a deleterious impact on their health. The present results showed Ginseng green NPs enhance all of the above listed measures.

The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of testos-terone on rabbits' full-thickness skin wounds. A full-thickness (2 cm2) wound was produced in the dorsal back region of sixteen (16) mature male rabbits that were in good clinical condition and weighed between (1.3 and 1.8 kg). Administration intramuscularly of a mixture of 5mg/kg of xylazine hydrochloride 35mg/kg of ket-amine hydrochloride, and 1 mg/kg of Diazepam. At 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after the formation and treatment of the wound, each group was divided into 4 subgroups (two wounds/subgroup) for the pur-pose of clinical evaluation. The wound healing rate was monitored for 21 days. The level of serum testosterone in both groups was al-so examined at the same time. The results revealed, clinically, that the rate of skin healing in castrated rabbits was quicker than in non-castrated rabbits. In addition, the results revealed that castrated groups have enhanced cellularity and increased vasculature, which is superior to those in non-castrated groups. Conclusion: The clini-cal findings confirmed the effects of testosterone on cutaneous wound healing.

Cholesterol is a fatty substance essential for the body. However, ex-cessive amounts can lead to health problems. The study's objective was to investigate the potential effects of a diet high in cholesterol on the hormonal regulation of calcium metabolism and the balance of essential minerals in the body. Twenty male rats aged (1.5-2 ) months were divided as follows, 2 groups : (10) rats were fed a normal diet, and (10) rats were fed a high cholesterol diet(2%) for 8 weeks HCD group. Blood samples were collected after the end of the experiment for physiological and biomarker parameters calcula-tion, as well as lipid profile, minerals, hormones, and antioxidants, after the end of the experiment (8 weeks). The results showed a significant elevation in serum of serum lipid profile (TG, TC, LDL) and decreased (HDL), an elevation in serum of Malondialdehyde and (MDA) and an increase in serum calcium levels. Calcitonin lev-els, parathyroid hormone, and Vit.D levels showed a significant de-crease in serum Glutathione (GSH) levels in the cholesterol group compared to the control group. The study concludes that a hypercholesterolemic diet can lead to Dysregulation of Ca-regulating hormones, Dysregulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH), and Cal-citonin, which may disrupt the delicate balance of calcium metabolism in the body. This Dysregulation could result in increased bone resorption, altered calcium absorption and excretion, and imbalances in other minerals involved in bone health and overall physiological processes

The current study was designed to investigate Environmental and natural fungi infection in pet animals and then experimentally to study fungi effects on tissues. Naturally infectious samples were fifty swabs in different pet animals (dogs, cats, rats, pigeons, and chickens) from the veterinary hospital of Eden Square in January 202. The findings were Cladosporum spp at (16%) ; Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger at (14%); Rhizopus spp at (8%); Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus terreus, and Penicillium chrysogenum at (6%); Chrysosporium spp, and Cryptococcus neoformans at (4%); Aspergillus fumigatus , Aspergillus ustus and Fusarium spp at (2%) in percentage with other unknown fungi. In doge, only 9 (9/50) samples of fungi, mainly Aspergillus flavus at (33.3%) with cladogram spp.at (22.3%). In cats, also 9 (9/50), mainly Penicillium spp at (22.25 %). In wild rats, fifty cotton swabs showed 12 (12/50) mainly Aspergillus niger, besides Rhizopus spp. At (25%). While in pigeons, only 10 (10/50), mainly Aspergillus niger, Cladosporum spp., and Cryptococcus neoformans at (20%). In chicken, only 5 (5/50), mainly Aspergillus ochraceus at (40%). Fifty albino mice aged 6-8 weeks and 25± 3gm body weight. They were separated in plastic cages and kept for adaptation at 2-3 weeks in the Animal House of the College of Veterinary Medicine, and they were fed standard pellets and water. These animals were divided into 5 groups containing 10 mice each: 1st one: control group treated with normal saline; 2nd Group infected with 0.1ml of Aspergillus flatus intraperitoneally; 3rd group infected with Aspergillus ochraceus 0.1ml intraperitoneally (IP); 4th group infected with 0.1ml Aspergillu niger IP; 5th group mice infected with Cryptococcus neoformans 0.1ml IP at single dose. After 3 weeks animals were scarified. Histopathological examination, in general, reports high incidences of necrotic lesions with granuloma and severe destructive changes, mainly in areas containing fungi hyphae that appear very clearly enclosed to necrotic and inflammatory foci, lung tissues suffering from prominent interstitial pneumonia with thick exudation, mainly fibrinous type. Liver tissues show massive necrosis with Kupfer cells and other inflammatory cell proliferation and evidence of apoptosis. Kidney samples appear with heavy degenerative changes ranging from swelling tubules to necrosis associated with severe inflammation caused by pyelonephritis and phlebitis. also, we saw fungi in the affected area. Spleen shows severe depletion and megakaryocyte proliferation and necrotic lesion. Fungi naturally infects occurs in pet animals and can transmitted to other animals in different environmental; area and can causes severe pathological lesions.