Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)

The aim of the research is to identify the awareness of workers in agricultural extension in
Kirkuk governorate of Nano-fertilizer technology. As well as to identify the correlation between the
awareness of workers in agricultural extension of Nano-fertilizer technology and each of the
following variables: (age, gender, training, educational attainment, duration of employment service,
and specialization). The research included all the agricultural extension workers in the center of
Kirkuk governorate, who numbered 343 employees. Of the questions to identify some of the
characteristics of the respondents, while the second part included a triangular Likert scale consisting
of (34) items, in front of which the alternatives (perceived, perceptible, unaware) were given and
weights were given (3, 2, 1) respectively. The data of the study was collected by personal interview.
The data was classified and analyzed using a set of statistical methods using the SPSS program. The
results also showed a significant correlation among the awareness of agricultural extension workers
of Nano-fertilizer technology and (age, gender, academic achievement, and length of functional
service), while the results showed no significant correlation with (training, specialization). The
researchers recommended the necessity of holding functional training courses for agricultural
extension workers to increase their awareness of modern technologies, including Nano-fertilizer
technology, and to involve them in the process of devising and innovating modern technologies in
coordination with scientific research centers.

The research aimed to determine the level of training needs for potato farmers in Al-Nasr and
Al-Salam sub-district / Abu Ghraib district, and to determine the correlation between the training
needs of farmers and some independent variables related to them, represented by (age, educational
level, cultivated area, ownership of agricultural equipment and the attitude towards training), and
arranging the problems facing farmers Descending.
In order to achieve the objectives of the research, a questionnaire was prepared consisting of three
parts, the first part of which included the independent variables of farmers, while the second part
included a scale of training needs related to agricultural operations for growing the potato crop,
which included (47) paragraphs distributed over seven areas, namely (land preparation, cultivation
method, fertilization, irrigation, hoeing, pest control, and harvesting). The third part included (12)
a problem that is considered one of the most important problems facing potato farmers in Al-Nasr
and Al-Salam district / Abu Ghraib district.
The research community included all the potato crop growers in Al-Nasr and Al-Salam district,
who numbered (1356) farmers distributed over five provinces (Ghariba and Soleimani, Mahmoudi
and Mufti, Biala, Abadi and Hawr Al-Basha, Western Radwaniyah).
An exploratory sample of (30) farmers was taken from the provinces of (Biyala, Abadi and Hawr
Al-Basha), with (15) farmers from each of them, for the purpose of conducting the initial test to
determine the validity and reliability of the form. While the community subject to the research
procedures included three provinces representing (60%) of the five provinces, which are (Ghariba
and Soleimani, Mahmoudi and Mufti, and Al-Radwaniyah Al-Gharbiya), comprising (1054)
farmers, from whom a simple proportional random sample was taken at a rate of (10%) and thus
the number of farmers covered by the procedures Research (105) farmers. The results showed that the average degrees of training needs in general tend to be high, and that
there is a significant correlation between training needs and the variables (age, educational level,
possession of agricultural equipment and the attitude towards training), and it was also found that
potato growers in the research area suffer from major problems, although The problem of (lack of
government support for farmers) came first, and the researchers recommend the need to work to
meet the training needs of potato farmers in Al-Nasr and Al-Salam district / Abu Ghraib district,
Through the establishment of agricultural training courses, and the necessity of activating the role
of the agricultural training guidance center in the research area through holding seminars and field
days and distributing guidance leaflets for planting the crop to potato farmers to increase their
information and knowledge, and the government role must be activated in supporting national
agriculture by providing fertilizers and pesticides in quantities And appropriate prices to maintain
local agriculture and not to import the potato crop from abroad.

This study was conducted at the University of Kirkuk / College of Agriculture in the fields of
the Department of Animal Production to see if the powder was essential in the semen
characteristics of the breeder males of Ross 308 broilers, as 40 roosters were randomly divided at
the age of 55 family trips, five roosters per treatment, the third treatment, the treatment First, first
treatment (first treatment) add 0.5 gm vitamin E / kg feed, third treatment add 0.5 gm maca tubers
base / kg feed, fourth treatment add 1 gm maca tubers base / kg feed + add 0.5 g base maca tubers
/ kg feed + add 0.5 gm maca tubers base / kg feed + add 0.5 g vitamin E / kg feed, seventh treatment
1 1 gm maca tubers base / kg feed + add 0.5 g vitamin E / kg, eighth treatment, 1.5 maca tubers
powder / kg feed + Add 0.5 gm vitamin E / kg. Results The addition of the study group to the study
group. The high concentration of maca tubers powder 1.5 gm maca powder basis / kg feed with or
without vitamin E represented by the fifth and eighth treatments was a significant superiority over
the control group and the rest of the study in improving the volume of ejaculate, sperm
concentration, movement and individuality of sperm, offset by a significant decrease in the
percentages of dead and distorted sperm, and an increase in the percentages of dead and distorted
sperm. Significant in the concentration of glutathione and the decrease in MDD in all study group
compared to the group over a period of four and eight weeks. Based on this study, this study
produced broiler broilers by age.

This experiment was conducted in the poultry field of the Department of Animal
Production at the College of Agriculture, University of Kirkuk, the experiment aimed
to study the effect of the fodder addition of Moringa oleifera leaf powder and probiotics
on the productive characteristics of broilers. 288 chicks of 308 Ross broilers (unsexed)
were bred. At the age of one day and for a period of 42 days, the average weight was
41.9 g per chick, where the chicks were randomly distributed into 6 treatments and 4
replicates per treatment (12 birds/repeat) and the experimental treatments were as
follows: - The first treatment: T1 control treatment, the second treatment T2: control
diet + add probiotic at a concentration of 3 g/kg feed, the third treatment T3: the addition
of Moringa oleifera leaf powder at a concentration of 2.5 g/kg feed, the fourth treatment
T4: the addition of Moringa oleifera leaf powder at a concentration of 5 g/kg feed, the
fifth treatment T5: the addition of Moringa oleifera leaf powder at a concentration of
2.5 g/kg feed + add probiotic at a concentration of 3 g/kg feed and the sixth treatment
T6: Add Moringa oleifera leaf powder at a concentration of 5 g/kg feed + add probiotic
at a concentration of 3 g/kg feed. The results of the statistical analysis showed a
significant superiority (P≤0.05) in favor of the fifth treatment over the rest of the
treatments in the average live body weight, the total weight gain rate, the total feed
consumption rate, and a significant decrease for the sixth treatment compared to the
rest of the treatments in the live body weight rate and the weight gain rate. The
consumption of total feed significantly in the fourth and sixth treatment compared to
the rest of the treatments, and a significant improvement was noted in the feed
conversion factor in the fourth treatment compared to the rest of the treatments in the
sixth week, and there was a significant superiority in favor of the third treatment over
the rest of the treatments in the total feed conversion coefficient, and a significant
improvement was noted In the total fodder conversion factor in the fourth and fifth treatment compared to the rest of the treatments, and the fifth treatment recorded the
best productivity index compared to the rest of the treatments, while the productivity
index decreased significantly in the third and sixth treatment compared to the rest of
the treatments. We conclude from this study that the use of 2.5 g/kg feed of Moringa
oleifera leaf powder with probiotic in broiler diets led to an improvement in the
productive characteristics and economic index of broiler.

This study conducted to find out the effect of the use of chamomile flower oil, vitamin E and
selenium on some blood traits of white New Zealand rabbit males. Twenty males were used in this study at the age of six months; the animals were randomly distributed into four groups
of five rabbits in each group. The first group was represented by a control without any
treatment, the second group was dosed with rabbits (200 mg chamomile flower oil / rabbit/
day), the third group was dosed with rabbits (400 mg chamomile flower oil / rabbit/ day) and
the fourth group was dosed with rabbits (vitamin E 250 mg/ kg + selenium 0.3 mg/ day) kg/
per day). The results of the statistical analysis of blood parameters showed that the third
treatment (400 chamomile) was significantly superior (p≤0.05) to the rest of the coefficients
in the total red corpuscular count for the second month. While the total white corpuscular
count, the packed cells volume and hemoglobin concentration was the moral superiority in
the first and second months and the total count of platelets, the superiority was limited to the
first month only

This experiment was conducted in poultry fields of the Department of Animal Production - College
of Agriculture - University of Kirkuk for the period from 20/3/2021 to 1/5/2021 for a period of 42
days (field work) The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Betaine and Taurine with the
DL-methionine upon some blood biochemical parameters for broiler ROSS 308. In this study, 350
chicks of broiler type ROSS 308 were used, not naturalized, at the age of one day, as the primary rate
per chicken was 42 g, Chickens were distributed from the first day to 7 feeding treatments, (50 birds/
treatment) with 5 replications/ treatment. (1 replicate/ 10 birds), and each duplicate included 10 birds
in a pens 35 with dimensions (90×190cm). The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant
increase in the concentration of agglutinated blood cells, as the third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh
treatments were significant compared to the negative and positive control treatments. As for
hemoglobin concentration, the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh treatments were significantly superior
compared to the first, second, and third treatments did not differ from the second treatment. As for
white blood cells, the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh treatment were significantly superior compared
to the first and second treatments, and the third treatment did not differ from the second treatment,
and in the concentration of red blood cells, the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh treatment were
significantly superior compared to the first and second treatments... and the third treatment did not
differ for the second transaction. As for the biochemical blood characteristics, a significant (P≤0.05)
was found in the concentration of total protein in the blood serum, where the third, fourth, fifth, sixth
and seventh treatments were superior compared to the negative and positive control treatments, as
well as a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the serum cholesterol concentration of the treatments. The
third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh treatments compared to the negative and positive control
treatments, as well as for the concentration of uric acid, as there was a significant decrease (P≤0.05)
for the third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh treatments compared to the negative and positive control
treatments, and the third treatment did not differ with the second treatment, and the same was true for
the concentration of glycerides We also notice a significant decrease (P≤0.05) for the third, fourth,
fifth, sixth and seventh treatments compared to the negative and positive control treatments. The
second treatment, as well as a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the level of amino enzyme (Alanine transferase) for the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh treatments compared to the negative control and
the third treatment, and a significant decrease in the concentration of the enzyme aspartate
aminotransferase was noticed for the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh treatments compared to the
negative control and the third treatment did not differ from the second treatment, either in the
concentration of the enzyme (Alkaline posphatase). It was found that the third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh treatments were significantly superior compared to the negative and positive control
treatments.

This experiment was conducted in poultry fields of the Department of Animal Production - College of
Agriculture -University of Kirkuk for the period from 20/3/2021 to 1/5/2021 for a period of 42 days. The aim
of this study was to determine the effect of Betaine and Taurine with the herbal methionine upon the productive
performance, carcass characteristics for broiler ROSS 308. In this study we used 350 chicks of broiler ROSS
308 unsexed, at the age of one day, the weight rate was 42 gm per chicken, Chickens were distributed from
the first day to 7 feeding treatments, (50 birds/ treatment) with 5 replications/ treatment. ( 10 birds/replicate),
and each replicate included 10 birds in 35 cages by dimensions (90×190cm). The birds of experiment were
fed with the following nutritional Treatments: The first treatment: (control)without any addition, the second
treatment: (control) positive adding the Indian herbal methionine to meet the needs. The third treatment is
Betaine instead of the herbal methionine to fill the body's need of methionine, and the fourth treatment is the
replacement taurine instead of the herbal methionine to fill the body's need of methionine, and the Fifth
transaction Add the Betaine compound by 50% and taurine by 50% of the body's need for the herbal
methionine to fill the needs, and the sixth treatment is (Control) Addition of Betaine at 25% and Taurine at
75% instead of herbal methionine to meet the bird's methionine needs , and the sixth treatment (Control):
Addition of Betaine at 75% and Taurine at 25% instead of herbal methionine to meet the bird's needs of
methionine. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences (P≤0.05) in
the rate of weight gain, we note that T6 was significantly (P≤0.05) superior to T3, T4 and T5, and in the rate
of feed consumption, we noticed a significant decrease in the total feed consumption for all treatments added
to the two compounds betaine and taurine and herbal methionine compared with the control group, as for the
characteristic of the rate of food conversion factor, we notice a significant improvement for all treatments
added to it the two compounds betaine and taurine compared with the control group, and in the character of
the relative weight of the internal organs eaten, it is noted that T1 was significantly (P≤0.05) superior to T2.
In the mean relative weight of the heart, liver, gizzard and abdominal fat. As for the carcass cuts, it was found
that T3, T4, T5, T6 and T7 were significantly superior to the T2 in the average netting ratio, in the relative
weight of the chest, a significant (P≤0.05) was found for T5 and T7 over T3 . T7 significantly (P≤0.05) over
the rest of the treatments, and in the weight of the drumstick, a significant increase was observed in favor of
T7 over T1 and T4. As for the relative weight of the back, T3 significantly (P≤0.05) exceed T4, and it was
noted in the relative weight for wings, T1 exceed T2, and the T1 (P≤0.05) was significantly superior to T3 and
T4 in neck weight.

This study has conducted to find out the effect of using an aqueous extract of basil seeds, vitamin
C, and selenium in some blood parameters of Iraqi Awassi sheep. Twenty Awasi sheep aged
between 9-10 months, with an average weight of between 25.7 - 27.9 kg, were used in this study.
An experiment has distributed into five groups, and each group included four ewes of
homogeneous weights, with four repetitions in each group, then the ewes were randomly divided
into totals in the following form: T1 first treatment control ewes were dosed with distilled water
only, T2 second treatment was dosing with vitamin C at a concentration (250 mg/ kg/ day), T3
third treatment was dosing with selenium at a concentration (0.04 mg/ kg/ day), T4 fourth
treatment was dosing with basil seed aqueous extract at a concentration (50 mg/kg/ day), T5 fifth
treatment was dosed with basil seed aqueous extract, vitamin C and selenium and at the above
doses in the second, third and fourth groups, respectively. The results of the statistical analysis
of the fourth and fifth groups showed a significant superiority (p≤0.05) in the total RBC, WBC
and platelets counts, hemoglobin, and Packed cells volume (PCV) compared with the second,
third, fourth and total periods of the experiment. The vitamin C and selenium groups also
significantly outperformed (p≤0.05) in blood characteristics compared to the first treatment in
total RBC, WBC and platelets counts, hemoglobin, and Packed cells volume (PCV) from the
second period of the experiment to the end.

This study was conducted in the poultry fields of the Animal Production Unit /
College of Agriculture / Hawija - Kirkuk University, for the period from 3/22 to
2/5/2021 to find out the effect of adding Iraqi palm pollen compared to Egyptian in
broiler diets Rose 308 on some productive traits for a period of 42 days. has been used
400 unsexed Rose308 chicks were used divided into 8 treatments by 5 replicates, each
treatment includes 50 as 10 chicks for each replicate according to the ground breeding
system, a ground cage with dimensions (90 * 200) cm, and they were randomly
distributed on the following treatments: - The first treatment was a control treatment
without any addition to the fodder. The second and third treatments included the addition
of 1 and 2 kg / ton of fodder from local palm pollen, while the fourth and fifth treatment
added 1 and 2 kg / ton of fodder from Egyptian palm pollen. The sixth treatment was
the addition of 1 kg of local palm pollen. / ton of fodder +1 kg of Egyptian palm pollen
/ ton of fodder as well as the seventh treatment 1 kg of local palm pollen / ton of fodder
+ 2 kg of Egyptian palm pollen / ton of fodder and the eighth was the addition of 2 kg
of local palm pollen / ton of fodder +1 kg of Egyptian palm pollen / ton of fodder. he
results showed a significant superiority at the level (P<0.05) in the average body weight
and weight gain of the three treated birds compared with the rest of the treatments at the
fourth, fifth and sixth weeks, in addition to the cumulative weight gain, and a significant
improvement was found at the level (P<0.05) in the coefficient of Nutritional conversion
and a significant decrease in the amount of feed consumed by the birds of the same
treatment. We conclude from the current study that palm pollen has a positive effect in increasing the weight rates of birds as well as improving its productive qualities.

This study was conducted in the poultry fields of the Animal Production Unit /
College of Agriculture / Hawija - Kirkuk University, for the period from 3/22 to
2/5/2021 to find out the effect of adding Indian ginger powder in broiler diets Rose 308
on some productive traits for a period of 42 days. has been used 400 unsexed Rose308
chicks were used divided into 8 treatments by 5 replicates, each treatment includes 50
as 10 chicks for each replicate according to the ground breeding system, a ground cage
with dimensions (90 * 200) cm, and they were randomly distributed on the following
treatments: - The first treatment was a control treatment without any addition to the
fodder. (T2) Add 1 kg / ton of ginger to the ration and (T3) add 2 kg / ton of ginger to
the ration. The results of the experiment showed that there were significant differences
(p<0.05) in the concentration of protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, Cholesterol and
LDL when adding palm pollen compared to the control treatment, and a significant
increase in HDL in the treatments added with palm pollen, and the activity of liver
enzymes ALT and AST, There was an improvement in the antioxidant status, as there
was a decrease in the levels of malondialdehyde and an increase in the levels of GSH
glutathione in the palm pollen supplementation treatments compared to the control
treatment. Also, a significant decrease recorded in addition treatments in the numbers
of E. coli bacteria and a significant increase in addition treatments in the numbers of
Lactobacilli compared with the control treatment.

This study was conducted to find out the effect of the using of anise seed oil, vitamin E and
selenium in some physiological traits of male New Zealand white rabbits. Twenty males were
used in this study at the age of six months; the animals were randomly divided into four groups
contain five rabbits in each group, where the first group was represented by a control without
any treatment. The second group was dosed with rabbits (200 mg anise seed oil / rabbit/ day), the third group was dosed with rabbits (400 mg anise seed oil / rabbit/ day) and the fourth group
was dosed with rabbits (vitamin E 250 mg/ kg + selenium 0.3 mg/ day) kg/ per day). The results
of the statistical analysis of the third group showed a more superiority (p≤0.05) in the total red
and white corpuscular count, hemoglobin and the volume of blood cells collected compared first
and second months of the experiment. About total platelets count, the superiority of the third
group was limited to the first month only. While the second and fourth treatment recorded high
significance (P≤0.05) in the total red and white corpuscular count, hemoglobin and the volume
of blood cells collected compared to the first treatment in the counting rates of these parameters
for the first and second months of the experiment.

Samples of rice amber infected with the saw-toothed grain beetle were collected from
local markets in the city of Kirkuk during the month of December 2021, and incubator
the experiments were conducted in the laboratories of the Colleges of Education for
Pure Sciences and Veterinary Medicine at the University of Kirkuk for the period from
February to May 2022, Three nanomaterials were used in this study, which included
(nano gold, nano titanium dioxide and nano iron oxide). The toxic effects of these
nanoparticles were studied at four different concentrations (0, 500, 1000, 1500) ppm
on the life of the saw-toothed grain beetle as the rate of egg laying duration Larval and
pupa phases and the rate of killing of its adults. The incubation period for the eggs
reached 11.08 days in the titanium dioxide treatment while the incubation period for
the eggs reached 10.62 and 9.99 days in the nano gold and nano iron oxide treatments
respectively, Compared to the comparison treatment, which was 8.59 days . titanium
dioxide showed a significant effect on the duration of the larval stage which amounted
to 18.84 days while it reached 18.03 and 17.32 days in the nano gold and iron oxide
treatments respectively, Compared with the comparison treatment, which amounted to
15.5 days . while in the pupa stage the period reached 5.93 days in the titanium dioxide
treatment and there were no differences Significant differences between gold
nanoparticles and iron oxide nanoparticles were 5.42 and 5.38 days respectively,
compared to the comparison treatment, which amounted to 4.00 days. and the
nanomaterials showed a clear effect on the rates of Dead as it reached 100 % in adults
of the sawn grain beetle 16 days after the start of the experiment, Compared to the
comparison treatment, which amounted to 45.55 % . Based on our results
nanomaterials can be used as effective pesticides to control insects especially sawtoothed grain beetle .

This experiment was conducted in the poultry field of Kusar_Irbil Company, to study the effect
of using the local mint leaf powder compared with vitamin C to decrease thermal stress and its
effect on the production performance of the broiler from 23/7/2021 to 2/9/2021. The chicks
weight rate (35+3). Chicks were distributed randomly to seven treatments, 4 replicates for each The mint leaves powder and vitamin C were added to the diet from the 2 to 6 weeks of age. The
treatments were: T1 control without any addition, T2,T3 and T4 addition of 1g, 2g and 3g mint
leafs powder /kg feed,T5 mint leaves 1g/kg with vitamin C 25mg/kg feed T6 added mint leaves
2g/kg mint leaves with vitamin25 mg/kg feed, added 2 mg/kg feed. T7 mint leaves at a rate of 3
g/kg with vitamin25 c mg/kg feed.
results showed a there are a significant difference (p<0.05) between the additive treatments,
and control in body weight rate, the weight gain, and food conversation between all treatments
and for T3 in most weeks. As for the consumption it is noted that there has been a moral decline
in favor of the T2 and T7.

A study conducted at poultry field/Animal Production Department/College of
Agriculture, Kirkuk University, Iraq. The experiment aimed to study the effect of
adding Moringa oleifera leaf powder with or without probiotic on growth performnce,
carcass characteristics and some biochemical blood characteristics for broiler. 288
chicks of Ross 308 broilers (unsexed) were bred from one-day old until 42 days, and
the average weight for chicks were 41.9 g. The chicks were randomly distributed to 6
treatments, with 4 replicates each treatment, (12chicks/replicate). The experimental
treatments include: - T1: control, T2: standard diet + addition of probiotic 3 g/kg feed,
T3: addition of Moringa oleifera leaf powder 2.5 g/kg feed, T4: addition of Moringa
oleifera leaf powder 5 g/kg feed, T5: addition of Moringa oleifra leaf powder 2.5 g/kg
feed + probiotic 3 g/kg feed and T6: addition of Moringa oleifera leaf powder 5 g/kg
feed + probiotic 3 g/kg feed. The results showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in T5
in live body weight, weight gain rate and feed intake rate compared with other
treatments. The feed conversion ratio was significantly improved in T4 and T5
compared to the other treatments. The average empty carcass weight was significantly
increased in T4 compared to the other treatments, and the results also showed that the
pieces (breast and thigh) and (wing, neck and back) were not affected by the study
parameters. The relative weight of the liver and heart recorded a significant value in T2
compared to the other treatments. T3, T5 and T6 had a significant effect on the relative
weight of gizzard, but the relative weight of abdominal fat was the lowest in T3 and T5.
A significant decrease was found in the total protein concentration of T6 compared to
the rest of the treatments, and there was a significant superiority of T4 and T5 compared
to the other treatments in the concentration of glucose, and the total cholesterol
concentration which was lower in T1, T3 and T5 compared to the rest of the treatments.
The concentration of triglycerides decreased in T3 and T5, and T3 recorded the lowest
concentration in uric acid compared to the rest of the treatments.

The experiment was conducted during the growing season of 2021 on twelve-year old Sawa
pomegranate trees (Punica granatum L.) in a local orchard in Darashakran - Erbil
Governorate, Kurdistan - Iraq, to study the effect of foliar spray of Four levels with NPK
(10-10-40) (0 , 1 , 2 , 3 g.l
-1
) and three levels of licorice root extracts (0 , 5 , 10 g.l-1
) and
their interactions on growth and yield of pomegranate trees, and all selected trees sprayed
twice, The first foliar spray of NPK was on 17/May/ 2021 after two weeks of complete
fruit set, at 6 AM. and second spray of NPK was on 23/July/2021 when the fruit pill was
changed in color. Also The first foliar of licorice root extract was performed on
18/May/2021 after two weeks of complete fruit set, and the second spray was conducted
on 24/July/2021 when the fruit pill was changed in color. The study applied as a factorial
experiment in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications by
using one tree as the experimental unit thus the number of trees will be used in this study
(4 x 3 x 3 = 36 trees). The results showed that the most incremental application and the
interaction between NPK and Licorice root extracts rates especially at high concentrations,
(3 g.l-1 NPK and 10 g.l-1 Licorice root extracts) led to significant increase and gave the
highest value of the most of the studied characteristics, leaf content of nitrogen, phosphor
and potassium 2.493 %, 0.150 % and 1.192 % respectively, tree yield 77.38 kg, juice
percentage 29.500 %, TSS/T.A ratio 34.675%, anthocyanin mg.100 ml-1 13.370, and VitC mg.100 ml-1 13.363.

The experiment was carried out during the agricultural season (2021-2022) in one of the
agricultural fields at the village of Tarjeel, Laylan district, Kirkuk governorate, and the experiment
included the study of three factors, where the first factor was spraying with the element selenium
in concentrations (20, 30, 40 mg L-1
), the second factor was spraying with the hormone brassinolide
in concentrations (50, 100, 150 mg.L⁻¹) and the third factor was consisted of two hybrids (Parasio
and Jassmine F1). The plants were sprayed in two batches, the first spray was 20 days after planting
the seedlings on September computer, 2021 and the second spray was 20 days after the first spray.
The experiment had three replicates, each with14 experimental units. The experiment
was conducted according to the Split Plot Design System within the R.C.B.D. The data were
analyzed statistically according to the least significant difference L. S. D. and Duncan’s multiple
range test (P≤0.05) to compare the averages.
1. The results showed that spraying with the element selenium was not significantly effective,
while the hormone brassinolide at a concentration of (100 mg L⁻¹) was significantly superior in
the characteristics of fresh and dry weights of the shoot, which amounted to (1.625 and 0.300 g),
respectively, also the superiority of the brassinolide concentration (150 mg.L⁻¹) was significant
in the characteristics of percentages of carbohydrates, nitrogen, protein and selenium in the pink
tablets with (7.528, 2.274, 14.065 and 0.207%), respectively.
2. It was revealed that Jassmine F1 hybrid was significantly superior, especially in the traits of shoot
fresh weight (1.244 g), shoot dry weight (0.291 g), and the percentage of carbohydrates in the pink
discs (6.789%), while Parasio hybrid was only significant in the trait of main disc fresh weight (0.756
g).
3. The bilateral interaction between Parasio hybrid and spraying with brassinolide at 150 mg L-1
gave the superiority in shoot fresh weight (1.623 g), while the interaction between Parasio hybrid
and selenium at 40 mg.L-1
caused the superiority in shoot dry weight (0.329 g), whereas the hybrid
Jassmine F1 interacted with selenium at 40 mg.L-1
led to the superiority of weight of the main disc
of the pink discs (0.930 g).

The experiment was carried out at private farms in Al-Hassar area /Altun Kupri district / Kirkuk governorate
during the autumn growing season (2021-2022). The experiment included two factors, the first Factor is six
concentrations of nano fertilizer (20:20:20 NPK) vizcontrol(without addition), 1.5,2.5,3.5,4.5,5.5 gL_1 . The
second factor is two varaieties of potato namely ,Rivira and marfona. The experiment was carried out
according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates The results showed that
the spraying with nano _fertilizer at a concentration of 4.5gL_1 gave significantly increment in the plant
height,number of aerial stems ,chlorophyll content of leaves, marketing yield per plant and total yield 78.515
cm and 2.854 stems _1 and 16.700 and 485.900gm plant_1and 28.435 tons ha_1,respectively .whereas,the
spraying with a concentration of 5.5gL_1gave significantly increment leaf area . The study also showed a
Rivera variety had highest values in as all the Studied characteristics . On the other hand, the interaction
treatment Rivera variety increased significantly in the plant height and leaf area , while the interaction
treatment between the concentration 4.5gm L_1 and Rivera variety gave a significant improvemant in the
other of the studied characteristics.

This study was carried out on olive tree (Olea europaea L.) cv. Arbequina at the orchard in
Grdarasha in Erbil Directorate of Agriculture Research center/Ministry of Agriculture /Iraqi
Kurdistan Region, in order to study the effects of foliar application of biostimulant fertilizer with
three concentrations (0, 2, 4 ml.L-1
), and soil application of humic acid with three levels (0, 5, 10
m.L-1
). The foliar spray and soil application were used on three dates (pit hardening, one month
after first application and one month after second application) during the growing season on
vegetative growth parameters, yield, fruit properties and oil content was studied. Thirty-six (36)
of trees used in the experiment, Four branches per tree for each experimental unit with four
replications. The experiment was arranged in (RCBD), with four replications. Trees were sampled
at the harvesting stage and analyzed for morphology characteristics, chemical composition, and
yield production. Data were analyzed by (SAS) using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at P≤ 0.05.
Results showed that foliar application (Bio) and soil application (HA) significantly increased most
of the parameters of olive trees such as on leaf area, Leaf dry weight, Leaf mineral contents (N, K,
Mn and Zn), Fruit size, fruit fresh weight, Total yield per tree, oil content and Acidity % as
compared with control.

This study was conducted during 2019 on olive trees Olea europaea L. cv. Sorani, growing in a private
orchard located on the south around Erbil Governorate, Kurdistan region, in order to identify the most
suitable fertilizer, using two types of fertilizer; humic acid and seaweed extract (sea force) applied as
foliar applications each at four levels (0, 2, 4 and 6 ml.L-1
). ). Vigor and fruit properties of trees were
measured. Both fertilizers resulted in significant differences in the majority of studied parameters at
6 ml.L-1
concentration, in which chlorophyll, leaf area, number of leaves/shoot, shoot length, oil
content, TSS, fruit diameter, fruit weight, pulp weight and seed weight were increased significantly
compared to other concentrations of humic acid and seaweed.

This study was carried out in one of the private orchards, which is 20 km away
from Kirkuk governorate in the Altun Kobri area and affiliated to Dibs district for the
spring season 2021, for the purpose of studying the effect of fertilizing with humic acid
at three levels (40-20-0) g. tree-1
. With four levels of nano NPK (3.5-2.5-1.5-0) mg. L1
in some traits, growth and yield of apple trees of the local cultivar Ibrahimi. The
experiment was designed according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) a
global experiment that included three levels of humic acid and four concentrations of
NPK nano compound fertilizer And with three repetitions and one tree for each
experimental unit, so the number of observations becomes 36, the number of
transactions in each sector (12) treatments, and the number of trees involved in the
experiment is 36 trees.The transactions were randomly distributed to the experimental
units. Where it was noticed that when adding 40 g.l-1
of humic acid led to a significant
increase in the following traits (fruit weight, fruit size, vitamin C). The following
characteristics (fruit weight, fruit size, total soluble solids percentage, vitamin C).
Among the results of the interaction between 40 g. tree-1
and 3500 mg.L-1
of nano-NPK,
it was superior in the following characteristics (fruit weight, fruit size , percentage of
total soluble solids, vitamin C).

The study was conducted in the fields of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape
Engineering / College of Agriculture / Kirkuk University / Shwaro District , It is located on the
latitude (35.53°) and longitude (44.38°) of the city of Kirkuk , for a period of ten months from
June 2021 to April 2022 . for one-year old myrtle seedlings, and the seedlings were homogeneous
in size and height (42 ± 2 cm) ,the study included the effect of three factors on the myrtle plant ,
the first factor the percentage of shading (50% inside wooden awning and shading with green saran
clip 75%) , and the second factor has three levels of the growth regulator benzyl adenine at
concentrations (0, 35, 70) mg.L-1
, by two sprays The first is in October and the second is in
November , and the third factor is three levels of ( Horti boost10) organic fertilizer at
concentrations (0, 1, 2) ml.l-1
, the implementation of this study followed the design of randomized
complete blocks (RCBD) with a factorial experiment , and by three replications, the number of
seedlings was (2 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 2 = 108) seedlings , the results were analyzed using the SAS program
and the averages were compared using Duncan's polynomial test at the 5% probability level , the
results showed that the percentage of shading at the intensity was 50% , as it led to a significant
increase in the diameter of the plant stem by 0.51 mm , And at the intensity 75% significant
increase in plant height 62.62 cm, number of branches 28.32 branches.Plant-1
and The length of
the branches is 18.56 cm, and spraying with benzyl adenine at the concentration of 70 mg.L-1 was
significantly superior in most of the studied growth traits, it gave the highest rate in highest rate
in plant height , plant stem diameter, and branches length which amounted to (67.71 cm , 0.65 mm,
21.23 cm) , respectively . When spraying with organic fertilizer, it led to a significant increase in
most of the studied growth characteristics, where the spraying at a concentration of 2 ml.l-1 was
significantly superior in the characteristics of plant height 63.36 cm, stem diameter 0.543 mm,
length of branches 19.58 cm, respectively.

The study was conducted at the Agricultural Research and Experiment Station of the
College of Agriculture / University of Kirkuk on (1-9-2021 until 1-5-2022), the study included
two factors, the first three varieties of date palms (Al-Shuwathi Al-Asfar, Al-Khadrawi and AlKhastawi) and the second factor five concentrations of Salicylic acid and the organic nutrient
(dipr chlorophyll) and the concentrations were as follows: (0 mg.l-1 and 150 mg.l-1- salicylic
acid and 300 mg.l-1- salicylic and 300 mg.l-1- dspr chlorophyll and 600 mg.l-1-dspr
chlorophyll). . The experiment was designed according to a randomized complete block design
RCBD as a factorial experiment with two factors according to a split system and with three
replications, and the data were analyzed according to Duncan's polynomial test at a probability
level (0.05). It gave a rate of (2.37% and 14.84%) respectively, while the Khadrawi cultivar
excelled in the percentage of potassium in wicker and the wicker content of carbohydrates,
which amounted to (1.29 and 3.72)%, respectively, while the Khastawi cultivar had the highest
rate. The ratio of carbohydrates/nitrogen reached (218.80). Also, the results showed that the
concentration of (600 mg.L-1 of dspr chlorophyll) exceeded in all the studied chemical
characteristics Whereas, the interaction treatment between (Yellow Shuwethi cultivar and a
concentration of 600 mg.L-1 of dspr chlorophyll) showed a significant superiority in nitrogen,
phosphorous and protein ratios in wicker, which amounted to (3.61, 0.13, 22.59)%, respectively,
while it gave an interaction treatment between (Al-Khadrawi cultivar and the concentration of
600 mg.l-1 of despar chlorophyll) significantly outperformed the potassium content of wicker
as it reached (1.99)%, while

Arid and semi-arid areas are characterized by low annual precipitation rates which are
insufficient for plant growth, with precipitation depths in Western Desert in Iraq
ranging from 50 to 150 mm. The increasing pressures caused by climate change, water
shortages and poor quality have led to a scientific renaissance and innovative ideas for
water storage, including the development of water harvesting methods and systems, which are the collection of rainwater from a surface and directing it in appropriate ways
to assemble it in a suitable place from which to be taken directly or collected and stored
for use at later times, for various purposes, the most important of which is irrigation,
domestic needs and feeding underground water basins.
Water harvesting systems contribute to improving the vegetation of degraded soils,
contributing to combating desertification, settling communities in those areas and
improving their living and environmental level. One fact to consider in the area of water
harvesting is that in marginal areas with rainfall rates of less than 250 mm per year,
production can only be continued and an acceptable level of productivity is guaranteed
under a irrigation system complementary to water needs so that this amount of water
is provided through water harvesting and a minimum rainfall of 100 mm in winter, or
150 mm in summer, has been adopted for water harvesting and supplementary
irrigation projects. According to certain considerations. The most important
component of the water harvesting system is the catchment area, storage facility and
cultivated area. . The most important factors to consider when harvesting water are the
distribution of rainfall, intensity of rainfall, properties of the runoff, water storage
capacity in the soil, reservoirs, agricultural crops, available techniques and socioeconomic conditions. There are factors that mainly affect water storage quantities, the
most important of which are soil surface characteristics, soil type and precipitation
characteristics. The means of harvesting water are divided into two parts: microcatchment systems, macro-catchment systems

Potassium release was studied in a field in Clay loam soil in one of by the wheat fields of Ba\'wiza site,
Mosul city (Nineveh Governorate) in the north of Iraq , dominate Ilite mineral, Batch equilibrium method was used
of an artificial root of calcium-saturated resin that was field-placed to a depth of 10 centimeters, for a period of 35
days . The potassium release towards the resin reservoir was described using the parabolic diffusion equation, in
which it was clear that the release capacity decreased with the increase in the contact time of the resin with the soil,
and that the release process went through two phases (the first rapid expressed the alternating phase with a release
capacity of (29.87) mg.kg-1
. With a coefficient of releasing rate of (5.21) mg.kg.min 0.5, it increased to a releasing
capacity of (5.21) mg.kg-1
, and with a coefficient of releasing velocity (16.82) mg.kg.min 0.5 after biochar addtion As for the second stage of the release path, which expressed the non-exchangeable phase responsible for the
process of release and food processing in long periods, it was characterized by a release capacity of (216.77) mg.kg1
and a rate coefficient of (16.91) mg.kg. minutes 0.5 before addtion. It increased to a release capacity of (1030.50)
mg.kg-1
. With a coefficient of release rate (73.80) mg.kg. min 0.5 after biochar addtion . The fertility calendar based
on the capacity and rate of releasing potassium from the mica mineral showed that the soil under study was
characterized by a low storage of (246.64) and (1135.9) mg kg-1
in the control and addtion soils, respectively, and
a low release rate of (9.555) And (45,309) mg .kg, min 0.5 in control and addtion soils, respectively, and thus these
soils are considered to be of low avalibility of potassium release, and this conclusion is of great practical importance
to address the problem of potassium in calcareous soils

Dissolution of gypsum has great influence on water flow and solute transport occurring in
gypsiferous-calcareous soils. Many models based on convection and diffusion processes have
been developed to describe transport in soil. Constraints of estimation of transport parameters in
gypsiferous-calcareous soils are mainly due to gypsum influence .The objectives of this study,
were to i: modeling the transport of solute (36Cl) in gypsiferous-calcareous soil treated with fuel
of FO on dissolution of gypsum associated with calcium carbonate content. Radiotracer of
chloride as carrier free of 36Cl was applied to surfaces of saturated soil columns that have 20, 250
and 500 g kg-1
gypsum treated with 0, 1, 2, and 4% of fuel oil and leached with water until
complete displacement of chloride. During leaching, samples of effluent were collected and
measured for Cl36
. The application of 1 to 2% FO improved the transport properties due to
modification in soil structure. The applied models gave good fit between measured and predicted
breakthrough curves of 36Cl with significant linear correlation coefficient (r) that ranged between
0.972 and 0.999. They gave a calculated dispersion coefficient (D) ranging from 2.1 to 79.2 cm2
day-1
, and retardation factor (R) ranging from 0.92 to 1.58. It was found that D was also linearly
related to pore water velocity (v). Also, the results indicate the possibility of predicting the
distribution of chloride in gypsiferous-calcareous soil for different time periods using correct
boundary conditions. Experimental results show that gypsum dissolution in the soil columns is
mainly determined by the flow velocity, soil saturation and then partially coating with FO. The
role of lime was not well explained in reducing gypsum dissolution because the co-existence of
gypsum and lime is not clear enough.

The current study was conducted in Qayyarah sub-district of Nineveh governorate on a
number of water wells (nine wells) and one site on the Tigris River, through which the
concentrations of some toxic heavy metals were estimated, such as (lead, chromium,
nickel), and it also included the measurement of some properties Other chemicals
(sodium and potassium ions, calcium and magnesium ions, and PH), in addition to
measuring some physical properties of well water and river water (electrical
conductivity and turbidity), and the results were compared with known global
determinants for the purpose of determining its suitability for irrigation purposes. The
results showed that all wells were unfit for irrigation purposes depending on the
electrical conductivity values, as for the pH values, it was shown that all wells water
and river water were within the permissible ranges, and the concentrations of sodium
and potassium ions indicated that they did not exceed the maximum permissible limits
for irrigation purposes, as for calcium Magnesium showed that eight wells were not
suitable for agricultural uses, and the studied concentrations of heavy metals (lead,
chromium, nickel) indicated that they did not record any value in the Tigris River, while
in the wells water it ranged between 0.019 – 0.538, 0.014 – 0.076, 0.041 – 0.960 mg.l1 respectively, and the results showed that the concentration of lead and chromium did
not exceed the maximum permissible limits, so it is considered suitable for agricultural
uses. As for nickel, high concentrations were recorded in five wells that exceeded the
maximum for irrigation purposes, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations (FAO), which is 0.2 mg.kg-1, so it poses a threat to the soil system
and plants

The typical plant heliotrope (Heliotropium europaeum L.) is an extremely competitive weed that
has recently become an invasive weed problem in many areas of the world. If the species is not
handled and produces a lot of little seeds, it will provide a remarkable colonizing and invasive
capacity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate some environmental aspects that may enhance
or prohibit the seed germination and emergence, with the purpose of guiding the creation of longterm controlling plans to eradicate this plant. For this investigation, seeds were gathered from a
variety of mature plants in various locations. The effects of temperature regimes, light, water
stress, salinity, and burial depth on seed germination and seedling emergence of H. europaeum
were examined. The results showed that seeds of H. europaeum could germinate in a wide range
of temperatures. Light clearly promoted seed germination, demonstrating that concealed seed will
remain inactive until distressed. Water stress significantly decreased germination of H. europaeum
seeds. Germination was reduced significantly to lee than 20 % at water potentials (-1 MPa). Over
80% of H. europaeum seeds germinate at low salinity (100 mM NaCl), while reasonable
germination (75%) occurs at 200 mM NaCl, indicating that the seeds are fairly tolerant to salinity.
In the burial depth treatment, the species' maximum appearance rates were 64.5 percent and 63 percent, at a depth of 0.5 cm and surface treatments. The findings of this research might be used
to help create long- term controlling for this harmful plant

This study was carried out to weed control associated the maize in the Rashidiya area in
one of the northern of the city of Mosul, Nineveh Governorate in agricultural season in the 2021
AD in the northern region of Iraq to evaluate the efficiency of herbicide that was recently
introduced into Iraq. The study included two factors: the first factor was the use of the herbicide (Adengo) in three concentrations (200, 300, 400 ml. h) and a weeds-free treatment (hoeing
throughout the growing season) and a control treatment. two cultivars of maize were used : As for
the second factor the first local ( governmental variety) ، the second is an imported hybrid (Dk
5060) . As the seasons (the date of sowing) were entered as a third factor in the aggregate analysis.
The statistical analysis was conducted by designing randomized complete sectors according to the
global experiment system. Duncan’s multi-range test was used using the computer according to
the (SAS) program. The results were summarized as follows: Adengo herbicide concentrated (400
ml. H) showed significant superiority in eliminating thin and broad-leaved weeds and reducing
them when flowering،The efficiency of Adengo herbicide was equal at a concentration of (300,
400 ml. ha) as it did not differ significantly despite the superiority of the concentration of (400 ml.
ha) in the autumn season،The superiority of the herbicide at a concentration of (400 ml. H) in most
of the growth characteristics of the crop،The use of the herbicide at a higher concentration than
recommended led to an increase in weeds killing, as its efficiency in reducing the dry mass of the
weed was (71%) and its efficiency in reducing the weed density was (75%) compared to the control
treatment، It was observed that the efficiency of the weed-free treatment and the Adengo herbicide
at a concentration of (400, 300) ml was equal in many characteristics the number of rows in the
ear. and the percentage of protein

The experiment was carried out during the growing season of 2021 in the Sheikhan area,
70 km east of Mosul city, near the Koml River, The experiment included two factors, the first
factor was height cutting level of the Giant reed plant (at the soil surface, 5, 10, 15, 20 cm),
and the second factor was the frequency of cutting (once, twice, three times), The experiment was implemented according to the factorial experiments system, using a Completely
Randomized Design with three replications, The results showed that, the height of the giant
reed plant, leaf width, leaf length, leaf area and shoot system dry weight reduced by increasing
cutting number up to three times compared to one cutting by (56.2, 19.3, 34.9, 45.8 and 53.8%).
While the stem diameter was not affected by the frequency of the cutting process. In addition,
stem height, stems diameter, leaf length and dry weight were decreased by lowers cutting level
compared with the control, while leaf width and leaf area were not affected by cutting height,
The overlap of the cutting levels with the frequency of the cut three times had a clear effect on
the studied characteristics.

The research was carried out during the growing season 2020-2021 to study the effect of
Bacterial bio-fertilizer on some characteristics of growth and yield of local (Cicer
arietinum L.) with different planting dates. The research included two factors, the first is
the planting date and at three levels (1st./February, 14th./February, 28th./February/2021), the
second factor is bio-fertilizer and at four levels (Control without foliar application , single
foliar application, double foliar application, and triple foliar application) under seeding rate (320) kg / ha . The results showed the superiority of 1st./February over the second and third
dates in all studied traits, the superiority of bio-fertilizer over the comparison treatment in
the height of the lowest pod, the yield of the individual plant and the number of seeds/pod.
The interaction between the 1st./February and spraying with bio-fertilizer exceeded in the
height of the lowest pod and in the number of days from planting to full maturity yield of
individual plant and number of seeds / pod.

An experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at Agricultural Research Station in Bani
Maqan, which is belonged Chamchamal Agriculture Directorate in Sulaymaniya Governorate, The
factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, with three replications.
Where the seeding date was on 10th of June 2021. First factor was adding 0 ,4, 8, 12 and 16 kg
hectares-1 for humic acid when planting and before the first irrigation and after each mowing
process, and the second factor was foliar application with seaweed extract Alga000 at three levels 0, 1, and 2 ml/ litre (2 and 4 ml per litre of total spray).The application were at two stages in every
mowing 20 and 30 days after planting and 10 and 25 days after mowing were at the height of 20
cm above the soil surface. The results showed that adding 16 kg hectares-1
of potassium humate
and spraying with a concentration of 2 ml/litres of seaweed extract had the significant on most of
studies traits. The highest fresh shoot weight was 3.638 kg m-2 and the highest leaves and stems
wet weight of was 0.827 and 2.82 kg m-2 at the second mowing, and the highest shoot dry weight
was at the third mowing 0.652 kg m-2
and the leaves dry weight at the first mowing was 0.203 kg
m-2
, while the highest stems dry weight at the second mowing was 0.474 kg m-2
, and the highest
dry leaves percentage of the shoot dry weight was 32% at the first mowing and 27.22% at the third
mowing, and in most of them it was a non-significant difference compared to the level of addition
12 kg / hectares of potassium humate and at the same spray concentration of algae extract Navy.

A field experiment was carried out during the fall agricultural season on 7/25/2021
in the village of Al-Mansuriya, which is affiliated to Hawija district in Kirkuk governorate.
In order to study the effect of different herbicides and different seeding rates on the weeds
associated with the yellow corn crop and its effect on the yield and its components. The
experiment was carried out according to a randomized complete block design, R.S.B.D. Two
factors were studied, the first: three seed rates were used, A1 = 36 kg/ha, A2 = 46 kg/ha, and
A3 = 56 kg/ha. Various herbicides were used and in concentrations were Atrazine (b2) 1440
g/ha), Nicosulfuron + Atrazine (b3) (100 g/ha), Atrazine (b4) + Rimisulfuron 50 (g/ha), with
250 ml of adhesive and diffuser) and Atrazine (b5) + Nicosulfuron + Rimisulfuron in the
same quantities. With the control treatment (b1) (Control. As for the second factor: different
herbicides were used with concentrations, it was Atrazine (b2) 1440 g / hectare),
Nicosulfuron + Atrazine (b3) 100 g / hectare) and Atrazine (b4) + Rimisulfuron 50 ) g/ha,
with 250 mL adhesive and diffuser) and Atrazine(b5) + Nicosulfuron + Rimisulfuron in the
same quantities. With the control treatment (b1) (Control. The results showed significant
differences in the characteristics of the total number of bushes and dry weight in the
treatments of seed quantities, while in the factor of herbicide concentrations, the double and
triple mixtures excelled compared to using atrazine for the unit and comparison treatment.
As for the characteristics of the yield, the results were shown The recommended seed
quantities, which amounted to 36 kg/ha, gave clear significant differences in the
characteristics of earlobe weight/g, weight of 300 grains/g, and grain yield ton/ha, with their
averages reaching 118.60 gm, 82.74 gm, and 3.497 ton/ha, on the The triple mixture
consisting of (Atrazine, Nicosulfuron, Rimsulfuron) gave the highest significant difference in the characteristics of the ear weight/gm, the weight of 300 grains/gm and the grain yield,
ton/ha, with their averages reaching 113.11 gm, 84.87 gm and 3.672 ton.ha-1, Straight

A field experiment was conducted at experimental Farm in Department of Field Crop Science, College
of Agriculture – University of Tikrit. During seasons of 2016- 2017 the effect of the interaction of five
herbicides for the control of narrow and broadest leaf wheat weeds in the field of wheat variety ( Sham
6)was assessed (Topik and traxos herbicides ) selective as control narrow leaf and the interaction with
the broadest leaf weeds herbicides (Cranstar) , (Harmony Extra) and (Lantor) According to the
recommended quantities and the effect of these herbicides on some of the growth charaeters and yield
components , The experiment was carried out by design of integrated random sectors and three
replicates . Results showed that the density of the weeds at the interaction between the Topik and
Lantor, rate 64% , While the interaction with Topik and Harmony herbicide achieved the highest height
of the wheat plant 57,80 cm The treatment of Topik and Harmony number of activists reached 5.50
branch/plant The treatment Traxos with Granstar gave the highest length of the spike which was 8,40 cm. Treatment Traxos with Garnastar gave the highest number of grains / spike at 30.53gm, while
the treatment Topik with Granstar achieved the highest weight of 1000 tablets at 31,50 gm.

This experiment was conducted in the summer agricultural season 2021 in the
agricultural field of a farmer in the village of Suleiman Al-Gharb of Hawija district -
governorate, where the land was plowed by two orthogonal plows, and the field was
divided into three replicates, and each replicator contains eight experimental units,
and each experimental unit has dimensions of 4×4. Each experimental unit has five
lines. Trifluralin was sprayed before planting and mixed with the soil well. The local
variety of sesame seeds were planted and planted in the seventh month, 11/7/2021,
and the amount of seeds was from (3-2.5 kg of acres) or 7- 12) kg hectare.
The results showed the following:
The superiority of Fluazi Fop-butyl + manual hoeing at a concentration of 2.400 cm
2/ha in the percentage of total weeds, weeds dry weight, dry weight, 1000 grain
weight, grain yield, yield and biological yield
Fluazi Fop-butyl + manual hoeing was used at the recommended concentration for the
total number of weeds, for the dry weight, for the weight of 1000 grains, as well as for
the biological yield, as well as the higher concentration than the recommended
amount of 500 cm 3 / ha-1