journal of Economics And Administrative Sciences

Purpose – The main purpose of this research is to highlight the main role of strategic leadership skills for top managements in accessing to effective management in accordance with the (VUCA Prime) methodology in (VUCA) environment as Miniature virtual environment, which refers to (Volatility), (Uncertainty), (Complexity), and (Ambiguity).
methodology – To achieve the research objective, this study selected the quantitative approach in research design, Questionnaire was used as a main instrument for data collection, the sample comprised the opinion poll (106) individual who functions as head department. (Structural equation modelling by (Smart Pls3) was used for data analysis.
Findings: Leaders at top managements possess high skills and expertise, but the Leaders have not used their skills rightly, with the extreme dealing caution against risk. This was reflected in the diversity of services provided by Iraqi private banks.
Research limitations : The researcher suffered many difficulties, including the lack of transparency and the country\'s turbulent circumstances, and the shortage of the number of Collaborating banks, which affected the adequacy of the statistical sample because most of the top managements of those banks fear the result of the assessment, which led to inaccurate answers avoided with using appropriate statistical methods.



Practical implications: The research discusses the skills of strategic leadership and how it contributes to changing the impact of environmental challenges, which face the top managements of banks, which contributes to the development of a clear method, leading the top managements to effective management diagnosis of failure points and trying to avoid them.
Social implications : The top managements access to the Effectiveness will lead to Prosperity of the Iraqi private banks and increase the banks\' s ability to adapt to the environment, which will lead to the results of economic prosperity in the country. through the skills that the management possess and achieving the goals of communicating with all stakeholders to follow the best ways to achieve the social goals of the skills.
Originality : The scientific value of the research is research in three important variables for modern organizations which are environmental skills and challenges, skills and Effective management. Especially for their association with an important phenomenon which is leadership, assuming positive responses in motivating top managements to use their skills in managing those challenges, to contribute to the development of an integrated system of adaptation, considering the Iraqi environment that embodies (VUCA) environment.

The research aims to identify how to enhance the human resources quality, focusing on four dimensions (efficiency, effectiveness, flexibility, and reliability), by adopting an adventure learning method that combines theoretical and applied aspects at the same time, when developing human resources and is applied using information technology, and that Through its dimensions, which are (cooperation, interaction, communication, and understanding), as the research problem indicated a clear deficiency in the cognitive perception of the mechanism of employing adventure learning dimensions in enhancing human resources quality, so the importance of research was to present treatments and proposals to reduce this problem. To achieve the goals of the research, the descriptive analytical approach was adopted. The researcher used the questionnaire as a main tool to collect data. As for the research sample, it consisted of (25) individuals from managerial positions in the General Company for Iraqi vegetable oils. Among the most prominent results that the research came out with are the significance of the correlation and influence relationships between the variables discussed, and here the researcher was able to achieve the scientific implications of the research in proposing a set of solutions to address the problems that the researched organization suffers to the extent of correlation with the researched variables, while the added value and scientific originality of the research was represented by a collection Contemporary variables in the field of human resources management in research, to enrich the academic library with contemporary sources and vital concepts. As for the research findings, they were represented by the presence of the variables discussed within the organization in the field of application without clearly identifying them. Therefore, the researcher recommended the need to review the experiences of successful organizations in developed countries and transfer their effects to the local environment.

This research aims to determine the extent of the contribution of organizational downsizing strategies to enhance the health of the researched organization represented by the Directorate of Education in Nineveh, and to achieve this goal, the study provided a simplified intellectual framework for the most important topics covered by writers and researchers for search variables, reinforced by an applied analytical framework for the opinions of (79) individuals responsible for the researched organization. The research adopted organizational downsizing as an independent variable that includes three dimensions represented by (reduction of human resources, job redesign, systemic strategy), while the organizational health represented the variable adopted in the research. The study used the questionnaire as a main tool for collecting data from the practical side of the research, and some statistical treatments were carried out for the data through the use of statistical methods represented by measures of central tendency, correlation coefficients and regression line equation in order to test the hypotheses adopted by the research which expressed the presence of a significant effect between organizational leanness and organizational health. What explains to us is that what shows us that relying on reducing the organizational size through one of its strategies contributes to improving the level of organizational health in the field studied.

This research paper aims at studying the effect of adopting the corporate social responsibility on marketing performance indicators, where the study adopted the descriptive method for theoretical concepts, in addition to the statistical approach by using the SPSS v25 program to analyze the questionnaire and test the hypotheses of the study. The results showed that there is a positive correlation between social responsibility and marketing performance indicators, and the study found that it is better for NAFTAL Company to mix the environmental and social responsibilities in order to improve its marketing performance. Also, the study recommended that Naftal should adopt the four responsibilities equally, correctly and make its workers more aware of environmental and social responsibility through establishing it as a belief in its mission and vision, in order to gain a global position

The research aims to enhance the level of evaluation of the performance of banking transactions control policies and procedures. The research is based on the following hypothesis: efficient transactions control policies and procedures contribute enhancing financial reporting, by assessing non-application gap of those policies and procedures in a manner that helps to prevent, discover, and correct material misstatements.The researchers designed an examination list that includes the control policies and procedures related to the transactions, as a guide to the bank audit program prepared by the Federal Financial Supervision Bureau. The research methodology is designed to evaluate control policies and procedures of banking transactions, by adopting the non-application gap approach and its impact on the quality of financial reporting. Application and full documentation of control policies and procedures for eight transactions, discussed in this paper, have a positive reflection on the quality of the accounting information reported in the financial reports, while the reflection will be negative in case of non-application. Weaknesses of bank policies and procedures for eight transactions were analyzed, namely: fortified chamber, cashier, deposits, saving, current account, foreign currencies sale, loan transactions, and non-current assets. Importance of this paper is to explain the effect of deficiencies in fulfilling transactions control policies and procedures on financial reporting.

The aim of this scientific paper is to highlight the effective role of women working in economic development, especially those working in the entrepreneurial sector, which we see as encouraging at the macro-economic level and at the personal level, by highlighting their potential to help them enter the private labour market, value them and empower their role in the economic arena in order to win this bet to become productive and effective workers at all levels.
Through this paper, we will try to highlight the role of Algerian women's contribution to economic development through access to the world of entrepreneurship, and we will also try to find statistics on their success levels at the local and international levels.
To achieve our desired goals, we used the statistical approach by analysing some of the statistical data available to us from the World Bank and some important and specialized databases on the same subject.
The scientific authenticity of our research paper is highlighted by the added value we have achieved and the results achieved, where the most notable result was that the work of contracting is an achievement that pushes women to achieve economic savings and exceed the threshold of happiness through their ability and self-realization.
Paper type: Research paper;

The research acquires its importance by motivating the behavioural side of the employees to apply modern technology in the work, because of its great importance in increasing the efficiency of employees’ performance and excellence. The research was based on two main hypotheses to show the relationship and impact between the variables through the adoption of a questionnaire to collect data and information related to the research, which consisted of (50) people from administrators working at different levels, based on personal interviews and field visits to collect research data. The data collection process was subjected to statistical analysis using the statistical program (SPSS) (Statistical package for social science) to reach a set of results which showed a positive correlation between the variable of effective leadership and the variable of (E-HRM). The research was conducted at (Baghdad International Airport). It’s included questionnaire distribution on the research sample, collecting the questionnaire, field visits and analysis of the results. The research also concluded that effective leadership should have a role in change the behaviour of employees and improving their level of performance, and train them to use technology at work. The research also presented several suggestions, including the importance of training employees with the adoption of material and moral incentives for those who are distinguished in the application and use of modern technology, as well as providing all the tools physical requirements for the application and success of the (E-HRM) and processed.
Paper type Field research

The purpose of the study is to identify the need to improve health services in Iraq by determining the efficiency of service in health care centers and working on exploiting limited resources through choosing the most efficient technological art represented by using precast concrete technology to fill the shortfall in the establishment health centers for primary care and to explain the impact of this on saving resources, time, and increasing production efficiency. To achieve this, the quantitative analysis adopted as methodology in the study by determining the size of the deficit in the infrastructure of health centers for primary care according to the standard of a health center / 10.000 people with an estimate of the future need for the next ten years depending on the population growth rate estimated by (2.6%). In addition to exploiting the available resources and achieving stability for the population through providing productive employment opportunities within the medium and long term. This makes the study distinguished by originality, as it linked the diagnosis of the problem to finding solutions using the modern technical method that encourages private investment.
Paper type: Technical paper.

Foreign direct investment has seen increasing interest worldwide, especially in developing economies. However, statistics have shown that Yemen received fluctuating FDI inflows during the period under study. Against this background, this research seeks to determine the relationship and impact of interest rates on FDI flows. The study also found other determinants that greatly affected FDI inflows in Yemen for the period 1990-2018. Study data collected from the World Bank and International Monetary Fund databases. It also ensured that the time series were made balanced and interconnected, and then the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag method used in the analysis. The results showed that the interest rates and inflation rate harmed FDI flows and, therefore, could not be used for policymaking purposes. The research also discovered that GDP growth and trade openness are the main determinants of foreign direct investment in Yemen. Trade openness policies should be encouraged, and GDP growth facilitated if the economy is to achieve long-term FDI flows.
Purpose –The purpose of the paper is to discover the impact of interest rate on foreign direct investment with a combination of the exchange rate, inflation, gross domestic product, and trade openness.
Design/methodology/approach – The paper implements the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)-Bounds testing approach to analyze maintaining the time series properties in terms of stationarity.
Findings – The results indicate that there is a long-run equilibrium between the Foreign Direct Investment and the explanatory variables. Furthermore, the significant factors influencing, positively, FDI in Yemen are Growth domestic product, Exchange rate, and Trade openness. In contrast, both the Interest rate and Inflation rate have a substantial negative impact on Foreign Direct Investment.
Practical implications – Policymakers in Yemen advised reconsidering many of the general state policies, including investment policies, financial and administrative governance, and monetary policy that focuses on maintaining an adequate interest rate and reduce the rate of inflation.
Originality/value – As for the case of Yemen, this the first study empirically explores the impact of interest rate and the foreign direct investment using the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag method aiming for more reliable results

The research is summarized in the construction of a mathematical model using the most common methods in the science of Operations Research, which are the models of transportation and linear programming to find the best solution to the problem of the high cost of hajj in Iraq, and this is done by reaching the optimum number of pilgrims traveling through both land ports and the number Ideal for passengers traveling through airports by Iraqi Airways, instead of relying on the personal experience of the decision-maker in Hajj and Umrah Authority by identifying the best port for pilgrim's travel, which can tolerate right or wrong, has been based on scientific methods of Operations Research, the researcher built two mathematical models, the first model was formulated in the form of a Transport problem and its goal is to determine the optimal number of traveling pilgrims through air or land ports and each province with the identification of the best port for travel (the least expensive), while the second model specifies the optimal duration of stay pilgrims in Saudi Arabia, taking into account the limitations of the problem, So it was the result reduce the total cost of hajj by (15,107,574.8) U.S. dollars or 11 percent. The results also included the preparation of a comprehensive plan for the development of transporting pilgrims, which the decision-makers of the Authority can use to transport pilgrims from Iraq to Saudi Arabia in the coming years.