kufa Journal for Nursing sciences

Background: The majority of deaths among hospitalized children happen in the Oncology, Haematology Unit and also in the ICU. There is no well-defined, reliable and valid method for measuring the quality of end-of-life care in the field of pediatric palliative care; further, limited studies that have examined the quality of dyeing experience among children in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
Objectives: The study was aimed to assess the nurse's perceptions regarding the quality of children dying experience in the Sulaimanea Oncology and ICU Centre.
Methodology: A cross- sectional descriptive studywas conducted and sixty nurses (30 Oncology and 30 ICU nurses) were recruited in the study. The data collection started from May 20th to July 20th 2016. Study objectives were addressed using a survey design; a modified validated Quality of Death and Dying questionnaire and open ended questions were used in order to collect the quantitative and qualitative data Findings.
Results: The majority of participants reported that cancer dying children were significantly suffered pain, bleeding, stress and terrified from the hospital more than ICU dying children and also cancer children, family seem to stay with their child during death time more than the ICU children families. Nurses in both settings faced three barriers in offering the end of life care, such as no palliative unit available along with no adequate palliative care offered to the patients as standard in both Oncology and critical care settings (Institution and organizational barrier). Further, the family also makes a barrier as they spent too much time with their children and participate in the care of their children (family barrier), and limited role of the nurses barrier.
Conclusion: The findings of the present study conclude that there are some significant differences between the quality of a child's death between Cancer and non- Cancer patients Three barriers were reported by the nurses that may hinder the access of end of life services, such as (Institution and organizational barrier, family barrier and limited role of the nurse's barrier)
Recommendations: Standard end of life care is necessary to manage deterioration patients and also a continuous specific end of life care education course are required for the nurse working in these settings

Background: The factors and conditions that contribute to any disease, such as Hodgkin and Non- Hodgkin lymphoma and anyone and may include genetic which are related to the characteristics of genes, as well as factors associated with the environment or lifestyle and circumstances Life, such as smoking and poor nutrition or obesity or alcohol abuse or working conditions (such as the constant exposure to radioactive materials).
Objectives: the study aims to assess the factors that contribute to lymphoma's Patient in Hematology wards and to find out the relationship between the factor of lymphoma's patient and some variables like (Age, Gender, Marital Status, Occupational Status, Education Status, Ownership of Housing, Body mass Index (BMI))
Methodology s: A descriptive study was started in 4th October 2014 to 5th May 2015. Non-probability sample of (32) Lymphoma patients who in hematology wards at (4) Baghdad Teaching Hospitals . The data (questionnaire) were collected 3rd April to 4th May of 2015; by interviewed technique used which include two parts: Part 1: Patients' demographic characteristics which include (7) items. Part 2: Include (14) item medical information for study samples at hematology wards. Validity of the instruments was determined through use of panel of (10) experts, the reliability of the tool determined (r = 0.92) which was adequately reliable. A pilot study was conducted on a purposive sample of (10) patients which were selected Baghdad Teaching Hospital in hematology ward. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical measures which included frequencies, percentages; mean of score (Severity) as well as the use of inferential statistical measures which include correlation and reliability coefficient for the Pilot study were used for the data analysis under application of the statistical package of social science (SPSS) ver. (16).
Results: the findings of the study indicated that more than half of patient' ages between (65 and above) years old who were males accounted for 18 (56.2%), and majority of the samples 14 (43.8%) who were obese and total mean of score for (14) studied items for Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphomas patients factors were (1.47) at moderate severity mean of score. The study indicated that there is a significant relationship between age group, gender, Body Mass Index and factor for Hodgkin and Non- Hodgkin lymphoma patient.
Conclusions: the study conclude that the obesity, smoking, genetic factor, exposure to radioactive materials, Immune deficiencies and Rheumatic disease are a major of the factors that contribute to Lymphoma.
Recommendations: the study recommended that Specific health education program by the staff at ministry of health about lymphoma risk factors for patients. A booklet should be designated and distributed to all patients at hematology wards. Recommended MOH to reduce radiotherapy and chemotherapy staff work time or years of employment.

Objectives: The study aims to find out the effectiveness of simulation on the students knowledge toward Cardiopulmonary resuscitation for adults
Methodology: a quasi-experimental design study with pre test , post test 1 and post test 2 were conducted to identify the effectiveness of simulation on the students knowledge toward Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The study starting from November 10th 2014 to the May 10th 2015 on 75 students at 4th years in the College of Nursing / University of Baghdad , the instrument was consist of the Australian guide for Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation , the instrument consist of 20 questions that measure the Basic and advance life support, the reliability of the study was measured through test retest method = 0.85, the researcher use the descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze data
Results: differences in the mean among the pre test , post test 1 and post test 2 were calculated by using Paired Samples T-test , the results show a highly statistical significant differences (p 0.001), the mean (23.186, 49.880 and 52.5867) for pre test , post test 1 and post test 2 respectively show a a marked increase in the knowledge of students toward Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation
Conclusion: the study conclude that a significant increase in the students knowledge were found when using a high-fidelity Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Simulation in the training of the students.
Recommendations: according to the findings of the study the researcher recommend to provide and use a high fidelity simulation in the students training.

Objective: To evaluate the Doppler ultrasound in prediction the success of sperm retrieval in Iraqi azoospermic patient using the resistive index (RI).
Methodology: This cross sectional study conducted in the Doppler unite and the Fertility center in the AL-Sadder Medical City in a period between April 2013 and January 2014 .The study included 72 patients with azoospermia, their age ranging from 20 to 50 years , US and Doppler study were done for them prior to testicular sperm extraction (TESE) . Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 20 in which use two by two tables to compute different accuracy measures.
Results: There were 33 patients with positive post-surgical results and 39 patients with negative results. The accuracy of RI in predicting post-surgical result was (76.4%). The study shows that when the size of the testis was normal and the RI was < 0.7, the accuracy of the successful rate of sperm retrieval will be higher (82.2%) and when the size of the testis was small and the RI ≥ 0.7, the accuracy was lower (66.7%).
Conclusion: This study concludes that Doppler ultrasound using RI parameter can be used as a predictor of sperm retrieval in azoospermic patients and this will be increase if taken with testicular size parameter.
Recommendations: This study recommends the use of RI parameter of Doppler ultrasound and testicular size as a predictor of sperm retrieval in azoospermic patients.

Background: reporting medication administering errors (MAEs) among nursing staff can improve patient's safety and quality of nursing care.
Objectives: to assess the causes of medication errors as well as barriers to report (MAEs).
Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out at Kirkuk city hospitals. From the period August 1st 2016 until of February 1st, 2017. A non-probability (convenience) sample of (150) nurses working at Kirkuk city hospitals was used. The tool used in the study called Medication Administration Errors (MAEs) Reporting Questionnaire was developed by Wakefield et al. It consisted of three parts. The data was collected by self-reporting technique. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical data analysis.
Conclusions: the study concluded that most of nurses report that pharmacy reasons and medication packaging reasons leading to medication errors. Also the result of the study revealed that the most common barriers to report medication errors were fear reason and administrative reason.
Recommendation: Administrative systems should support nurses, pharmacists, or physicians to report medication errors the when errors occurs

Objective: The study aimed to assess the nurses' knowledge concerning Ebola Virus Disease at governmental hospitals.
Methodology: Quantitative, A cross-sectional study was conducted with all nurses (40 nurses) in hospitals of Erbil City in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq from November 2014 to April 2015. A questionnaire contained of two parts, part one include socio-demographic characteristics of nurses, and part two including questions about knowledge of nurses concerning Ebola Virus Disease. The data were analyzed through the SPSS software V.20 application, descriptive data analysis was done through frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation.
Results: The study results show that most of the study samples were at age group between 24-34 years old, male, married, graduated from nursing institutes from rural area. The highest percentage of the level of experience was between 3-8 years.
Conclusion: The study concluded that most of the study sample had middle level of knowledge concerning Ebola Virus Disease.
Recommendations: The study recommends preparation of educational programs for all nurses in Erbil City Hospitals.

Objective: The study conducted to identify association of nutrient contents of foods with occurrence of breast cancer compares to control group.
Design: It is descriptive (analytic case-control study). Interview questionnaire was used to collect data of; socio-demographic properties, reproductive history, familial cancer history, and life style factors included indices of obesity, and diet history data to calculate intake of; energy, macronutrient, vitamins and minerals by quantitative food frequency questionnaire.
Methodology: The study included (59) women with diagnosed breast cancer, and (65) controls women free from all types of cancer attending Rizgary and Hawler teaching hospital / Erbil / Iraq , from the period of 1st April to 30 July 2011. Statistical analysis included Descriptive statistic, and logistic regression analysis
Results: The results showed significant increase in the risk of breast cancer by; low income and low awareness, family history of cancer, and higher intake than controls of; energy, digestible and high glycemic load carbohydrates, saturated fats, cholesterol, vitamins; thiamin, and cholecalciferol and minerals; phosphors, sodium zinc, manganese, and selenium. While primary education level act as significant protective factor in addition to slight protective effect of; vitamins K (naphthoquinones), insoluble fiber and (beans and tea) as foods.
Conclusion: High dietary intake of rich energy nutrients, and salty foods could cause; oxidative stress , hormone disturbance and associate with breast cancer risk . Low and safe levels of dietary micro-nutrients and their blood homeostasis may decrease tissues damage and risk of breast cancer.
Recommendations: The study recommended implementation nutritional status assessment and nutritional educational program by nutritional specialized nurses, and nutritionists.

Objectives: The main aim of the study was to assess the performance statue on physical and psychological problems related to chemotherapy among patients with cancer and find out the relationship between study findings and selected variables
Methodology: A study conducted descriptive on one hundred of cancer patients under chemotherapy collected in Outpatient Clinic of the Oncology Imamen Al-Kazemin Hospital during period of June to September 2016. The study utilized the questionnaire about performance, physical and psychological problems related to chemotherapy among patients with cancer:
Results: Fatigue, hair loss, metallic taste in mouth, Sore mouth, appetite loss, nausea, and vomiting were the most commonly experienced and most debilitating and severity physical symptoms. Approximately less than half of participants had borderline or clinical levels of anxiety and depression. Although relatively performance grade range (0-1) levels were91% of patient s activity ranged between full active and some restricted. finally, there is significant differences between performance status to their physical &psychological problems at P value 0.001. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS, version 22.
Conclusions: The study showed the presence of physical and psychological problems for patients with cancer and its relationship with the state of performance of activities and adherence to that sample.
Recommendation: The study recommended to promoting public health educational programs to elevate the level of awareness regarding the necessity to support patients complaining of cancer in Iraq

Background: The assessment of nutritional status as a part of school health component, can serve as a screening tool to identify children who need nutritional intervention and to prevent further deterioration in their nutritional status with reducing the risk of poor school performance.
Objective: Evaluate the primary school students' nutritional status in Duhok City and find out the relationship between students' nutritional status with their food behavior.
Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted throughout the period 25th November 2014 to 25th November 2015. Cluster stratified simple random sampling of (700) primary school students who aged 6-12 years were selected of 41 primary schools in Duhok city. Food behavior and socio- demographic data were obtained by direct interview. In addition, height and weight measured in order to calculate body mass index of primary school age children. A questionnaire was modified as a tool of data collection and utilized the height and weight scales for measuring student`s height and weight for the purpose of the present study. Data were analyzed through the use of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis approaches.
Results: the present study showed highest percent (57.1%) of primary school student's nutritional status was healthy weight and more than two third of them were at somewhat healthy food behavior (71.3%). In addition to highly significant relationship between such nutritional status of primary school students and their food behavior with P. value (0.001).
Conclusion: The present study revealed that the primary school students' nutritional status is influenced by their food behavior.
Recommendations: The researchers recommended that schools of Duhok City, health care system and parent should involve in establishing nutritional educational program steps, guidelines, inclusion of health related nutritional topics in school curriculum with yearly screening children including: checking height, weight and BMI according to age.

Background :Giardia is a disease that is transmitted directly to humans through contaminated water, ingestion parasite and through clothing and sexual contact. Increased risk of injury in children who suffer from malnutrition and delayed growth compared to healthy children.
The aim of the study: The purpose of this study was to detect the relationship between the severity of the infection of the parasite G.lamblia vegetative phase active and cholesterol in the blood and its impact on the patient.
Study Design: The study ways to case - control of 1-12 / 2015 in the educational-Zahra hospital in the province of Najaf. Study of children up to age five who are suffering from diarrhea. This study examines the total cholesterol in the blood means that the 50 episodes of diarrhea passers Giardia trophozoite passers vegetative and compared with the proportion of cholesterol in the blood of 50 cases .Giardiasis is the most common waterborne disease in human. Infected children revealed malnutrition and growth retardation compare to health group and may lack the important caloric source and lipid malabsorption .
Methods :Study design: The case control study of 1-12 / 2015 in Zahra educational children's section of a hospital in the province of Najaf. A study of children up to age five who are suffering from diarrhea. This study examines the mean serum total cholesterol to 50 episodes of diarrhea passers Giardia trophozoite passers vegetative and compared with cholesterol in the blood of 50 cases of diarrhea in children infected with Giardia .. weight rate (9.85 to 18.2) kg and average height (75, 55 to 109.15 cm)
Results: There was a significant difference in mean serum cholesterol between cases and control groups (P˂ 0.05) . The total cholesterol serum level significantly declined by severity of giardiasis. (Table 2) . The total cholesterol level inversely correlated with the severity of the disease . The serum level of cholesterol and gender of the patients showed no significant relationship ( P˃ 0.05) .
Conclusions: the results suggest that there is a significance of G.lamblia on lipid levels and have ability to keep low serum cholesterol.
Recommendations
1. Promote scientific research students to pursue the study of deep research in the pathogenesis Giardia.
2. Engage with each branch of science or scientific institution with irrelevant.

Background: Angina pectoris is disease for chest pain or discomfort due to coronary heart disease. Angina is a symptom of myocardial ischemia. It occurs when the heart muscle (myocardium) doesn't get as much blood as it needs. This usually happens because one or more of the heart's arteries (blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle) is narrowed or blocked.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life in angina pectoris patients
Methodology : Quantitative design (Purposive study) was used in this study, the study was conducted at Azadi Teaching Hospital and Kirkuk general hospital in Kirkuk city to assess quality of life toward Angina pectoris patients. The period of the study was carried out of 20th of October in 2015 to 15th of august in 2016. A non probability (purposive) sample was selected. It consisted of (100) patients (72) sample was collected in Azadi teaching hospital and (28) Kirkuk general hospital at the units of critical care. In order to collect the data required a questionnaire was constructed depending on the criteria of WHO scale. It consists of two parts; part one included (8) items which focused on the client demographic characteristics which include (age, gender, residence, marital status, occupation, educational level, duration of the angina and Concomitant chronic diseases). Part two is composed of (5) domains that covered physical, social, psychological, level of independence and spiritual domains. The overall questions included (90) items. 3-likert scale options was used in the rating scale as: ( Always = 3 ) , ( Sometimes = 2 ), ( Never = 1 ) .
Result: The result of present study revealed that high percent (26%) the study sample at age (40-49 and ˃`70 ) years old. In relation to gender, the majority of the patients are male and account (60%). The data analysis show that some demographic data include (age, occupation and duration of angina) are more common significant (effected) on the physical , social, psychological, independence and spiritual domains.
Conclusion: Age, married, chronic disease and monthly income variables are the most socio-demographic variables that were associated with direct effect on quality of life among angina pectoris patients. Physical domain are the most aspects of life among angina pectoris patients that were associated with many socio-demographic variables.
Recommendation: Exercise training results in improvement of symptoms, increase in the threshold of ischemia, and improvement of patients' sense of well-being. However, before enrolling a patient in an exercise-training program, perform an exercise tolerance test to establish the safety of such a program. Promoting best health practices and early optimal nursing management of angina pectoris to minimize damage and prevent complications.

Background: Patient safety has been and is going to be the defining component of high quality health care. Studies have been performed regarding patient safety with much focus on medication errors, falls and safety incidents. In 2012, however, the World Health Organization stated that majority of the patient-provider interaction occurs in the primary care settings.
Objective: The analysis aimed at reviewing the literature on the concept patient safety in primary care, clarifying the defining attributes, and identifying the antecedents and consequences of the concept by using Walker and Avant's method of concept analysis.
Methodology: For the purpose of concept analysis, the major databases were searched namely CINAHL, MEDLINE, PSYCHINFO, and ProQuest. The following criteria were used for search: (a) peer-reviewed scholarly articles (b) English language (c) full text (d) date range from 2008 to 2013. Out of these hits, 18 articles were randomly chosen for the study. The analysis follows walker and Avant's method of concept analysis (2011).
Results: The identified defining attributes of the concept are: knowledge, freedom from harm, and commitment. The antecedents of the concept patient safety in primary care include safety incidents, self-reflection, staffing, communication, documentation, in-service education and training for providers, and safety culture, while the consequences are: improved quality of care, prevention of injury, and improved patient satisfaction.
Conclusion: the analysis provided well-clarified defining attributes of the concept patient safety in primary care which include: (a) knowledge, (b) freedom from harm, (c) and commitment to the patient safety.
Recommendation: The study concluded the need for further research on the long-term consequences of safety incidents on patient and family health.

Objectives: The study was carried assessment of mothers education and their knowledge about home accidents prevention among early childhood age group.
Methodology: A descriptive study design was achieved in 10-30 October 2015. A non-probability accidental sample of 113 Mothers who agreed to participate in the study & have a child or more live together at the same house and the sample was selected of health centers when visiting for certain follow-up to their children in the Babylon city, middle of Iraq, Through using questionnaire that constructed by researchers to collect data available for the purpose of the study through using descriptive and inferential statistics according to the aims of the study.
Results: After completion of 113 questionnaire, the results were revealed that majority of mother's age were 44 (38.9%) aged between 22-28 years old while their education were 58 (51.3) in primary level, for this reason the majority of the sample 96 (85%) were unemployed. The study reveals more than quarter of the sample 39.8% as 45 within group of 61-70 score of moderate knowledge with optimum level contrasted.
Conclusions: The present study reveals quarter of the sample had moderate knowledge with optimum level contrasted and few of them have poor knowledge regarding to accidents avoidance of kids under five as well as no correlation between mother's knowledge with their age and education.
Recommendations: Health education program about explanations for home accidents, medical aid managements and technique for avoidance into the educational modules at various levels were recommended.

Objective: current research aims to measure the extent to which nursing colleges in Iraqi universities to the requirements of reliability, according to the WHO indicators, and test this model of standards in nursing colleges, and determine the level of availability of accreditation standards for nursing education in the Iraqi nursing colleges.
Methodology: The findings are based on a descriptive approach, and its light has been prepared checklist by the researcher based on the World Health Organization model and the model are (6) axes and each axis of two or more as the number of sections (14) portion distributed on (132 ) indicator, and the measure of the extent of the application of the index, which was adopted (9) weights, and was the model examined by eight nursing colleges in Iraqi universities, namely, (Baghdad, Babil, Karbala, Kufa, Muthanna, Maysan, Dhi Qar, Basra), as well as the use of List screening as a tool for gathering information was to use three other instruments, namely, (records, the actual views, and personal interviews), and for the purpose of testing the differences have been relying on the test (Kruskal-Wallis) to test for differences.
Results: The researcher found a group of the most important findings was that nursing colleges are working on continuous improvement through attention to global standards in the field of education for nursing
Conclusions: The most important conclusions reached by the researcher is the importance of global standards in nursing education being worked on the preparation of nursing staffs with high efficiency.
Recommendations recommends research to adopt reliability standards in nursing education, and work on the development (of credit) Council, which is located on the shoulder of credit for all specialties, especially nursing education standards, and the development mode (the nursing profession scientific association) sets standards and identifies programs.