DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES

This work summarizes the effect of edge round preparation for three types of ceramic cutting tool materials (Al2O3/ZrO2, Al2O3/ TiC, Si3N4/Y2O3) upon cutting forces and stress distribution on the cutting tool in orthogonal cutting as determined with Finite Element Method simulations. The results obtained from this study provide a fundamental understanding of the process mechanics for cutting with realistic cutting tool edges and may assist in the optimization of tool edge design. These results compare with other previously published papers and showed a good agreement. It is also proved, that for every cutting condition and tool material, there is an optimum geometry. The material of ceramic cutting tools proved, that it has been good in performance comparing with other previously published papers.

Microprocessor simulation is one of the recent applications of computer design. It is used for emulating the microprocessors for some purposes such as; learning microprocessor structure and assembly language in laboratories in universities. In this research simulation for the microprocessor Intel 80386 was suggested, designed and implemented. Implementation was verified for some data transfer instructions like MOV instructions in deferent addressing modes. The designed simulation program was implemented using Visual Basic programming. Examples were tested successfully for some MOV instructions.

The filter is very important tool in electrical circuits, it is the maen part at communication devices. The design operation of any filter depends upon the frequency, bandwidth and gain. In this paper we will introduce a filter has specialist in design ,easy in change frequency and bandwidth, without need to change the elements of electrical circuit. It is "SC" filters which essentially depend upon the fabrication of (OP AMP) integrated circuit. Here we used (MALAB R2006b) software code to simulate the process of design.

Sodium perchlorate has been prepared electrochemically from sodium chloride solutions in one step by passing a direct current through the solution, in the presence of certain addition agents (like sodium fluoride). A laboratory electrolytic cell has been designed to obtain experimental results for the preparation of sodium perchlorate. A solution of sodium chloride (290 g/l) and sodium fluoride (2 g/l) is electrolyzed in a batch wise. A stainless-steel cathode and Graphite substrate lead dioxide (GSLD) anode are satisfactory. The influence of anodic current density, temperature, and pH of electrolyte on current efficiency of sodium perchlorate formation were studied. The current efficiency of about 68% was obtained by using (GSLD) anode.

In this study a numerical procedure was proposed for the design of deep drawing process using finite element method (F.E.M) through program code (ANSYS 5.4) simplified 2-D ax symmetric model of cylindrical cup are been developed. This work aims to study the effect of some parameters which influence the drawing process such as: Die geometries, friction coefficient, slight tilt and to predict the tearing failure in drawn part. The combined deep drawing and ironing process analyzed in the manufacturing of thin-walled cans; the subsequent stages are pure ironing stages. In the production it was found that it is extremely important that the cup produced in the deep drawing and ironing stage has an even height. The die used was made with a cylindrical die land and detailed FEM-simulations show that an uneven cup height can be caused by a slight tilt of the die and or punch. The result showed that, the increasing the value of friction coefficient from (0.1) leading to increasing the cup height about (3) mm and this leading to predict the tearing failure in drawn part, so Instead of using a die with a cylindrical die land it is suggested to make the die land with a circular profile. FEM-simulations show that if the die made with a circular profiled die land the cup produced is nearly unaffected by a slight tilt of the punch and or die. The FEM-simulations thus strongly indicate that the combined deep drawing and ironing process becomes significantly more robust when the die is made with a circular profiled die land compared with experiment result and when a conventional die design with a cylindrical die land is used.

The paper shows the effect of curing condition on compressive strength in
high strength concrete in three cases (Group A(moist curing in water for 7 days followed by
air curing ) ,Group B(curing until the age test in water) and Group C(curing at high temperature
60ºC±2ºC for six days ) and two types of specimen of cubes (150 x150 and 100 x 100) used in
the test age (7,28and 90 day) respectively in four mix proportion (Mix No.1(40 Mpa ,Mix No.
2(fcu 60 Mpa) ,Mix No. 3 (fcu 70 Mpa) and Mix No. 4 (fcu 80 Mpa) ). Results demonstrate
that, in general, concrete specimens moist cured until testing ages (Group B) give compressive
strength greater than specimens moist cured for 7 days in water then followed by air – drying
(Group A). The percentage of increase in strength is (5 and12%) for mix No.3 and 6% for mix
No.4, as compared with 3% for mix No.1 and (2 and4%) for mix No.2. When the curing
temperature (group C ) increases, the compressive strength increases at different ratios ,the
percentage of increase in compressive strength at 7,28 and 90 days for mix No.1 , mixes No.2
and 3 are (20,15 and 14% ), ( 7,11 and 5% ) and (13,12 and 5% ) respectively, while mix No4.
shows an increase of 4 and 10% in compressive strength at 7 and 28 days where there is a
reduction in the strength at 90 days by about 2%. Generally, as the size of specimen decreases,
the effect of temperature curing (group C)on the compressive strength increases

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of addition of titanium (0.05 and 0.1) % on the microstructure of AL – 12% Si alloy, as well as the effect of long-term homogenization (525 oC) on the developed microstructures. The microstructure results showed that the addition of 0.05% Ti exhibited a partial modification of the microstructure, while the addition of 0.1% Ti to the alloy showed a marked effect on the modification. Also, the results showed that the transformation of silicon (Si) from needle or fibrous shape to spheriodal shape was observed during homogenization of the alloys. The spheroid shape of silicon (Si) particles was obtained via five different stages, namely; growth, fragmentation, spherodization, growth and stabilization of the spherodized silicon.

This paper proposes a new method for enhancing the contrast of medical images based on Wavelet Transform. Wavelet transforms offer an efficient representation of the signal, finely tuned to its intrinsic properties involves simple processing techniques in the transform domain, and multi-scale analysis can accomplish remarkable performance and efficiency for many image-processing problems.Wavelet transform is applied so that the intensity values of pixels in gray-level images are decomposed into the approximate component and detail components. The obtained coefficients of the approximate component are normalized before converted by a proposed non-linear grey-level contrast enhancement technique. The non-linearity, with its two degrees of freedom, is more versatile and can produce a more balanced contrast enhancement for low vision medical images. Then, denormalizing results before inverse Wavelet transform application on the converted coefficients, so that enhanced intensity values are obtained. Finally, we found that applying histogram equalization to the result of inverse Wavelet transform promotes the action done in transform domain. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated experimentally by measuring the contrast ratio and mean ratio for resulted images. The contrast enhancement ratio exceeds 100% of some low vision medical images.

This project is proposed a system that will detect and stop both known and unknown viruses and the detection of these viruses will be based on the viruses' behavior. This is done by analyzing the email (main body & attachments) for any suspicious code (malicious commands or statements) that could be a virus and take a specific action according to the result of the previous step.The proposed system consists of two basic stages: first the detection stage and then the cleaning (repairing) stage. The proposed system which is called the "Email Viruses Detection Disinfection System" (EDDS) will check every incoming email (main body & attachments), so that the detection stage will be considered into two steps: checking the main body of the email message for any malicious commands that could be a virus and checking the attachments of the email message for any suspicious codes or actions that could be a virus. Checking the attachments will depend on the attachment's extensions. The executable files that (EDDS) will process are (*.exe, *.com, *.vbs, *.pif, *.reg, *.bat, *.html, *.htm).

Pitting corrosion behavior of aluminum alloy 1100 was studied in this investigation in a neutralized and aerated 3% NaCl solution and all experiments were performed at room temperature. There were four groups of specimens to be studied: 1. As received, 2. Annealed at 760 oC, 3. Cold 35% rolling, and 4. 75% rolling.Numbers of pits was countered, and pits depth was measured by used digital photo fixed on a microscope a digital photo were taken.The numbers of pits increase as duration increase within the period of (5-90) days. The graduation of increasing is mostly uniform for all groups\\\' leads to the conclusion that nucleation and initiation of pits are continuing with the continuity of pits growth. Also it was observed that the annealed specimens have the lowest tendency (0%) to corrode by pitting and this tendency increase forwarding as follows:
Annealed < as received < rolling 35 %< rolling 75%.
Also, it was observed that maximum depth of pitting increases gradually with duration for all groups. Also, it was proved that metallurgic factor (cold rolling) increases with increase pits number, maximum pit depth and pit growth towards depth. Probability of pits appear was observed to be increased with duration for all groups and it is high expected for the shallow pits, in contrast for the deep pits. Through the examination of pit\\\'s normal distribution due to its number and depth, it was concluded that the recent pits depth and due to their high rate of growth will reach the same depth of the recent one leads to a mean value of depth for all. It was concluded that morphology and concentration of pitting are function of duration and specimen treatment. Pitting concentration increases with duration.

Technological and Scientific development is not disregard that the world sees in the different fields, the institutions of security and protection field, which goes ahead strongly and speedily in development this field specially in production and ensuring much from instruments and tools to service this field. Therefore, the project management of the security aspect requires intelligence methods and abilities to make right decisions, Analytic Hierarchy technique comes as a method to make right decision that allow to study complex criterions in management this kind of projects. The research expresses the Analytic Hierarchy technique in construction projects and especially for security projects. This research has also expressed the definition of the security management for the project and its requirement, also the ways of the depending security and the considerations that must do in every function. These considerations have been used as a basis to application the Analytic Hierarchy technique in evaluation the Diyala university projects in the security aspect to determination the optimum project from this aspect .To attain the aim of the research, own data have been collected from the literature that deal with the subject of Analytic Hierarchy and security management for projects, then from the personal interviews with the specialists of designers, constructors and operators for these projects .The results of data analysis of samples show that the criterions controlling , protection , construction , and obstructions have obtained a great portion of relative importance comparatively another criterions between projects . The criterions of controlling and protection are more important from other criterions in this type of projects. The project Faculty of Basic Education had obtained a great portion of relative importance comparatively another projects. Finally, it has been reached to set of conclusions and recommendations for different aspects of this subject, such as, poor appreciation of Analytic Hierarchy aspect in the construction sector, especially for those project of security functions.