journal of Economics And Administrative Sciences

Abstract :-
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of credit risk indicators on the arab gulfs countries banks Profitability over the period of 2015 to 2017. The banking credit risk was calculated using non-performing loans ratio effecting banks profitability indicators like net income and by using fixed effect and random effect model analyses, the study found that increasing in non performing loans ratio will decrease the net income in gulf banks , the study also found that personal loans represent the largest share of loans granted in gulf banks. Also the study recommends the importance of developing the capabilities of credit departments in commercial banks in dealing with bad loans, and studying the financial statements and borrowers in terms of type of activity, and conducting economic feasibility studies before granting loans to large companies

ABSTRACT
This research aims to identify the effectiveness role of self-managed teams in the quality of service performance in the directorate of Ramadi municipality. The problematic nature of our research involves this main question of the effectiveness role of self-managed teams in the Municipality of Ramadi in improving the services of performance quality to the beneficiaries from Directorate service. The importance of this study lies in the role played by the work teams in the organizations that excel in their field, the attendant of the changes in the leadership, administrative roles of the institutions, and teams leaders, will be achieved by the self-managed teams in improving the services quality provided by the institution to which these teams belong if the activation of those teams. The researchers are adopted the checklists to collect data and information from the research community, and conducting interviews with the team leaders in Ramadi Municipality, which consists of (23) teams. The researchers are reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that there are no self-managed teams in the directorate of Ramadi municipality. Despite its presence within the official organizational structure of the directorate through the partition of Ramadi city into official service sectors for each sector, a municipal department is responsible for it's. The municipality is supposed to be a mini-municipality works with the system of self-managed teams..

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to study the quality of scientific research at the University of Baghdad in light of scientific piracy and plagiarism of research and results, and attribute it to others intentionally or unintentionally. Proactive writing such as stealing ideas or synthesizing the results of one another over others and its negative impact on the quality of scientific outputs and the reputation of educational organizations through an exploratory study in the faculties of the University of Baghdad, scientific and humanitarian. As for the aims of the study, it was determined by determining the negative impact of piracy on scientific research. A Likert five-point scale was used in this research. The research community consists of professors of scientific and human faculties affiliated to the University of Baghdad, as 230 questionnaires were distributed to survey their views on the risk of information theft and unlawful quotation on the quality of research. The scientific and measurement was done according to a number of measures related to the subject of research, and the preparation of appropriate hypotheses, the study reached important results that cause scientific piracy to weaken and decline levels of intellectual capital for the educational organization.

Abstract
Training has an effect on employees’ performances. Accordingly, the person who is responsible for employees’ development must figure out the most effective way to train and develop employees. Central Michigan University (CMU) has recognized the importance of providing appropriate training for employees who have a duty in advising students. The reason is that these employees have a significant impact on students’ educational performances. Thus, special attention to this category of employees is needed to improve advising quality. This research attempted to explore the impact of training on academic advising at CMU. Face-to-face interviews and online surveys were used as data collection tools for this study. The study scope consisted of professional and administrative employees who provide academic advising for students and two employees who provide academic advising for students in the MSA department. The primary question asked, what are the impacts of training on academic advisors at CMU? From the data collection, we found out that training had a major role in increasing the performance of professional and administrative employees when they served in an academic advising capacity. However, there were obstacles that the employees believed should be addressed, including unequal chances to receive training, inconsistent training, a focus on certain skills while others were ignored, a lack of trainers, problems in scheduling enough training time, lack of resources for maintaining policy awareness. Thus, this study provided recommendations to eliminate the negative outcomes of those obstacles. we suggested applying practices such as performing needs assessment for employees, evaluating training outcomes, presenting equal opportunities for receiving training, and providing available resources for employees to stay updated on the policy.

Abstract
An excellent reputation earned by initiating and practicing sustainable business practices has additional benefits, of which are reducing environmental incidents and an improvement in operational efficiency as this has the potential to help firms improve on productivity and bring down operating costs. Taken further, with ever-increasing socially and environmentally-conscious investors and the public alike, this act of natural resources management could have a significant implication on market value and income of the practicing firms.
The above proposition has been supported by sustainable business practices literature that is continuously conversing and deliberating upon the impact of efficient resource deployment and sustainable business practices. This paper aims to add value and contribute by offering inferences on cost reduction possibilities through improved natural resources management. Therefore it is an entirely conceptual level approach that provided potentially efficient tools for business sustainability and profitability

Abstract
The paper contains an theoritical analysis of the interrelation between methodology of economics used by economic researcher and methodology of scientific research, encourging readers to think differently about one of the most complicated & cotroversial subject.
The analysis begins with determination of propositions that were discussed and explained in the course of the argument.
1- The economic researcher, like scientific one goes after the procedures of physical sciences and benefits of the forms of logic.
2- Econommics deals with human behaviour while the natural scieces deal with matter.
3-This similarity and variance is reflected well in the nature of laws and generalizations.

Abstract
The Purpose of this Research show gap between a Normal Cost System and Resource consumption Accounting Applied in AL-Rafidin Bank.
The Research explore that, how the idle capacity can be determined under resource consumption accounting, discuss the possibility of employing these energies. The Research also viewed how costs can be separated to Committee and Attribute. Resource Consumption Accounting assists managers in pricing services or products based on what these services or products use from each Source.
This Research has been proven that Resource consumption Accounting is more Normal Costing System accurate a In allocating indirect costs, especially in banks, because they are high. This Research provide an insight into the measurement of idle capacities quantitative and money within the Service sector generally, and Banks especially. The most important conclusions of this research that Resource consumption Accounting helps General Management of the Bank to exploiting unused capacity to contribute to reducing the prices of products or service.

The economic renaissance of Germany began in the mid-nineteenth century, specifically in the year 1848, with the emergence of industry in the east of the country and the creation of a railroad linking the east of the country with its west, and the state and industrial investors at that time adopting a savings approach at the expense of consumption, and thus the emergence of surplus savings and capital accumulation (the basis of economic growth). This helped the German industry to recover locally to cover the need of the local market without resorting to import, that is, self-reliance in providing life requirements.
And the Germans continued this approach, especially for capitalists and industrialists, until they reached a degree with which the local market became unable to absorb the huge amount of industrial production surplus, then they headed towards the global market because the local market was in a state of sufficiency and this production exported abroad was strongly echoed in The souls of different peoples of the world that have not yet known the industry, except for the United Kingdom since 1776, the United States since 1840, France 1845, Japan 1868, and the Scandinavian countries in 1910 all of that made German investors get more profits and thus their country was dependent on one of the most important traps. This applies to the taxes obtained from the owners of productive capital (a capitalist system) and will not continue after this case until Germany has reached a real economic risk represented by the diminishing of the initially limited raw materials it has, as we know that Germany lacks natural resources such as oil and gas and others, but despite this it seemed this The country since more than 80 years since the emergence of the industrial revolution in the United Kingdom and the emergence of the writings of the eminent economist (Adam Smith) in the year 1776 and his famous book (The Wealth of Nations), with an industrial revolution that surpassed itself first, and the cradle of the industrial revolution (United Kingdom) second and tens of years Which introduced it in AD A fierce bankruptcy with its French and English opponents after that, in pursuit of the sources of the raw materials needed to ensure the continued rotation of the industrial wheel