Al-Noor Journal for Humanitarian Studies

Abstract
The interaction between the creative and his culture that accumulates over the years of his various life experience is very clear because the most original creatives are those whose artistic composition is of a cumulative nature. In other words, the creative poet draws his images from a set of cognitive tributaries that reveal his ability to evoke those sources in moments of personal emotion, as well as organize and influence the recipient. Thus, it reflects the interaction between the creatives and the accumulation of knowledge and culture throughout different stages of their lives.
Since poetry is a linguistic art and a crafted image formed from language, which is a set of structural relationships that constitute the imaginative powers of the poem. Thereby, the image becomes a creative process that draws its elements from the culture of the creative and is framed by diverse imagination visions. Therefore, after deep reading of Ibn Al-Haddad’s collection, it is observed that a group of important intellectual tributaries from which Ibn Al-Haddad drew his images, and which had an obvious impact on the formation of these images, and among those tributaries are:
1- The Religious Tributary.
2- The Literary Tributary.
3- The Historical Tributary.
4- Social Tributary.
5- The Scientific Tributary.
Keywords: Andalusian Poet Ibn Haddad, Ibn Haddad Al-Andalusi, Poetic Image, Intellectual Tributaries.

Abstract
Al-kitaab by Sibawayh was and still is a perennial source, from which scholars derive knowledge and methods of thinking that we do not find in any other book. Among the phenomena in this book is the measuring the compound to the singular, where the singular is the origin and the measured is the compound, the derivative. therefore, throughout this books, it can be noted that Sibawayh standardly use some expressions such as: (single name, single thing, single letter, and single word) in describing attributive and non-attributive compounds such as the subject and the predicate, the verb and the subject, and subordinate compounds, as well as the mixed compound and other compounds.
The current study aims to uncover this unique phenomenon in the book, which is echoed in subsequent grammarians' books, such as Al-Muqtadhib by Al-Mubarrad, Al-Usul by Ibn Al-Siraj, Al-Mufasal by Al-Zamakhshari and its explanations, as well as in books of the later. The study is based on identifying the similarity between the measured (compounds) and the measurement (singular), and explaining the rationale and judgments based on principles of grammar.
Keywords: Measurement, Singular, Compound, Single Noun, Single Thing, Single Word, Single Letter, Generality, Specificity.

Abstract
The research aims to identify the comparison of the strategies of PECS and educational bonds in the acquisition of first-year intermediate students’ mathematical problem-solving skills. A sample of (60) first-year intermediate students was chosen, who were chosen intentionally from (Al-Futwa Middle School for Boys) from among the schools of the research community in the district. Al-Hamdaniya / Nineveh Governorate for the academic year (2023-2024). After that, the researchers distributed the sample members into two experimental groups that were equivalent in a number of variables. The first numbered (31) students who studied the mathematics subject specified in the experiment according to the PECS strategy, while the number of Students in the second experimental group (29 students) studied the same subject according to the educational bonds strategy. The research also required preparing a test for mathematical problem-solving skills in the form of specific-answer essay questions. The researchers verified its validity, psychometric properties, and reliability, which reached a percentage of (0.78), which is an acceptable reliability percentage. In non-standardized cognitive tests, the test is now ready to be applied to members of the main sample, consisting of (5) specific-answer essay items with a range of (0-62) degrees.
After the researchers completed the requirements for conducting the experiment, the first researcher implemented it himself by teaching the two strategies in the first semester on Sunday (10/15/2023) for the two research groups according to the study plans drawn up for that, and the experiment continued until Thursday (1/11/2024). Then a posttest of mathematical problem solving skills was applied to the two research groups on (1/16/2024), and after collecting the data, it was statistically analyzed using the t-test for two independent samples (t-test) that were not equal in number, in addition to calculating the Eta square (effect size), and it was The result is as follows:
There is a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average acquisition of the skills of the members of the first and second experimental research groups in solving mathematical problems, in favor of the first experimental group, which was studied using the PECS strategy.
In light of the results, the researchers came out with a number of conclusions and made a number of recommendations, in addition to proposing a number of titles for future studies.

Keywords: (PECS) (Educational bonds) (Problem solving skills)

Abstract
This study tackles Iraqi theses and dissertations that specialize in the generative-transformational theory. Through this study, it is aimed to explore polarization between traditional and modern approaches to the study of language. The traditional is represented by the Arabic linguistic heritage, especially grammar, and the modern is represented by the generative-transformational theory, which is a controversial from which many researchers in this field are not immune. In this regard, researchers are divided into groups, some favor Arabic grammar while others support generative theory. Such studies remain attempts stem from reactions of the newcomer (generative linguistics) - regardless of their directions - and are characterized by the victory of one camp at the expense of another. These practices are far from scientific inquiry. However, another group of researchers attempted to compare the Arabic and generative systems, but their attempts sometimes led to reconciliation and compatibility between them, focusing only on the similarities. However, these attempts can also be considered reactions, but to a lesser extent. Concerning the last group, they deal with the two systems without neglecting the differences between them, and consider them within their cognitive, historical and cultural context, the circumstances in which each of them appeared, and the requirements and objectives that necessitated their existence.
The primary focus in the current study is that it is claimed that Chomsky is the pioneer of the transformational generative theory, influenced by Arabic grammar. This has been mentioned in some Iraqi theses and dissertations that specialized in the transformational generative theory. Hence, the current study is limited to examining Iraqi theses and dissertations that referred to the Chomsky’s influence by Arabic grammar, explicitly or implicitly. Arguments and evidence of those who make this claim are examined, in addition to trying to uncover the motives behind this claim. Is it scientific? Or driven by other factors? All of this is based on evidence.
Keywords: Chomsky, Arabic grammar, Generative Theory.

Abstract
Divine love is exceptional and it is based on divine revelation, solitude, and divine manifestation and it is dedicated solely to the Divine essense. It purifies the soul and distances oneself from the pleasures adornments, and joys of this world. It is characterised by submission, advancement, faith, and obedience as a result of love, not fear. The poet Ibn Al-Faridh was called "Sultan of Lovers" due to his divine love and adoration, which distanced him from extremism and led him to comply with Allah’s commands in the Holly Qur’an for loving Allah, obeying Him and obeying His commands. The current research is composed of single chapter entitled: "Identification in Divine Love at Separation and Connection Levels" due to the breadth of the topic, and one study cannot cover it. In this research, it becomes clear that when the poet is separated from people, he connects with his Creator with love and longing.
Keywords: Identification, Divine Love, Ibn Al-Faridh, Separation, Connection.

Abstract
The Holy Qur’an addresses the topic of fingerprints and fingertips in an amazing way. the Holy Qur’an refers to fingerprints in Surat Al-Qiyamah Allah The Almighty said: (Yes. [We are] Able [even] to proportion his fingertips.), and in this verse there is a reference to the Qur’anic scientific miracle. Anatomists and Geologists have found that fingerprints and and fingertips are created by Allah The Almighty in the best manner and gave them a personal identity, which is the fingerprint that is not identical to any other fingerprint. The fingerprint, which is part of the skin of the fingers, arouses astonishment in the precision and mastery of its creation. In it, one see the great power of Allah The Almighty to make fingerprint different from one finger to another in one hand, then how about billions of people on the planet?. It is a reminder of Allah The Almighty’s saying: "We have certainly created man in the best of stature". Therefore, criminal investigators and security officers use it to identify the identities of the perpetrators. Furthermore, government agencies use it to prove the individual’s identity, and all of this is from the grace of Allah The Almighty upon humanity.

Keywords: Miracle, Science, The Qur’an, Fingerprints, Personality, Identity.

Abstract
The concept of alienation has gained great importance in the modern era because it falls within the scope of contemporary concepts in psychology and sociology; as it addresses the most important issues related to the human self in the present time, which has been notably reflected in the narrative works. The writer tries to draw his vision of the world with all its constraints and accumulations that overwhelm him and distance him from realizing his true self and identity. The use of alienation was not employed as a self-defeating act randomly or spontaneously. Rather, to violate and plunder everything related to the human self. Thus, it elevates this work to high levels of narrative creativity that seem evident. Many Iraqi and Arab novels in the modern era are full of this style and they are distinguished and full of alienation as it is a fertile field that illustrates the magnitude of the catastrophe suffered by Arab citizens, especially the Iraqis. The novel "Musamarat Jisr Bzeibiz" was a rich example filled with various examples that motivated me to delve into the depths of these texts. The current research presents an introduction that explains the precise definition of the term alienation. The first chapter is entitled "alienation of identity" which is considered one of the most dangerous types of alienation, as it is considered the loss of one's self and his loss of the most prominent characteristics of a decent life. While the second section focuses on the cognitive alienation which concern human essence and existence. Finally, the third chapter is entitled "temporal alienation and the presence of memory" because memory has a major role in retrieving and restoring events as required according to the context of the text.

Abstract
Entrepreneurship is a modern term that has emerged in contemporary critical studies. It has been viewed by critics as a concept equivalent to another term, "primacy". However, primacy in its original nature and essence is not inherently linked to the concept of entrepreneurship; it diverges from its precise meaning and connotation.
Critics have differed in defining the entrepreneurship of poets and which of them deserves primacy in their poetry to be considered pioneering. Concerning our poet (Imru' al-Qais), he is considered one of the leading poets of the pre-Islamic era and one of the foremost among the poets of the first class, as classified by Ibn Salam and agreed upon by most critics. He has contributed significantly to innovative advancement in poetic themes, forms, and perspectives. Therefore, it has been chosen to study the concept of entrepreneurship in his work after evaluating it in comparison with the poets of his generation.
The research is composed of a theoretical introduction that presents the concept of entrepreneurship linguistically and technically, while identifying the poets encompassed by this concept. The research material was addressed through three main axes: the first addressed artistic entrepreneurship, the second approached objective entrepreneurship, and the third focused on studying artistic entrepreneurship in Imru' al-Qais's work, detailing the most important themes he addressed in his poetry.