Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal

Honey is one of the oldest natural medicines known with a very high therapeutic value.
Nowadays, in the medical field, several important therapeutic effects of honey have been
elucidated. This study was conducted to reveal the antimicrobial activity of the commercially
available local Malaysian Trigona sp. honey towards different pathogenic bacteria
specifically Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and
Salmonella typhimurium. The Minimum inhibitory concentration and Minimum bactericidal
concentration were determined by the disc-diffusion test and agar well diffusion test.
Different concentration of the honey was tested in the disc-diffusion and agar well diffusion
test. The results of these tests were in terms of Inhibition zone diameter. The results obtained
from the current study are the dilution of different concentration of honey from Trigona sp.
are very significant because the only net concentration of both of honey Trigon a sp.
possessed antimicrobial properties in term of Minimum inhibitory concentration) and
Minimum bactericidal concentration. The result also can say that Trigona sp. honey possessed
antibacterial properties and can be used as alternative medicine in the veterinary field in the
future

The effect of some biofertilizers and addition methods on growth, yield, and quality of
sweet pepper were studied under greenhouse conditions. This research was conducted at AL-
Latifia Research Station(Located 35 km south of Baghdad), Agricultural Research
Directorate, Baghdad- Iraq, during season 2016. The factors were methods of adding bio-
fertilizers (A) included added to seeds (A1) and added to transplants (A2) and bio-fertilizers
(T) included without adding any biofertilizers as control(T0), Pseudomonas fluorescence (T1),
Azospirillim brasilense (T2), Bacillus subtillus (T3) and Azotobactor chroococcum (T4).
Results showed a significant increase in plant height for treatment of Azotobacter
chroococcum which recorded (79.00 cm) compared with (65.00 cm) in the control treatment.
There is no significant influence of biofertilizers treatments in leaf area dcm2. Moreover, the
treatment of Azotobacter chroococcum showed a significant increase for plant yield and total
yield which recorded (1344.00 gm plant-1 and 1512.00 kg green house-1) respectively in
comparison with the control treatment which recorded( 880.00 gm plant-1 and 989.00 kg
green house-1) respectively.

A reliable and successful micropropagation protocol was developed for pepino plant (Solanum
muricatum Aiton) from nodal segment explants grown on MS medium. The best values of shoot
multiplication traits were recorded from the addition of 3 mg.l-1 kinetin by producing 2.3
shoots/explant, 3.6 cm and 9.6 leaves/ explant which was significantly superior upon the addition
of BA at the same levels. In case of adding 3 mg.l-1 kinetin, the best root formation attributes
were achieved from the use of 0.2 mg.l-l IAA that resulted a maximum number of roots (14.33
roots/ explant). The longest root length (15.33 cm) was achieved when 0.3 mg.l-l IAA was used.
A 100% rooting percentage was recorded from the all tested auxins including IAA, IBA and
NAA. The gradually moved plantlets from the heterotrophic phase in the lab to the autotrophic
phase in the greenhouse showed 100% success. The plantlets did not show any abnormal growth
or morphological changes. It is concluded that this important plant can be easily propagated by
tissue culture technique through a reliable micropropagation protocol

The study was established in local farm sheep in Muwafaqia / Wasit - Iraq, from
1/10/2018 until 15/1/2019, to evaluate the effect of adding selenium with or without Vitamin
E on some of the physiological characteristics of Awassi male lambs. Sixteen lambs were
selected after weaning with an average weight of (24.30) kg and aged (3-4) months. All lambs
fed 2% of body weight with a concentrated diet and randomly divided into (4) groups. Control
group (no additives), Selenium group (0.4 mg selenium), Vitamin group (100 mg vitamin E)
and combination of selenium + vitamin E group (0.4 mg selenium + 100 mg vitamin E) per kg
dietary dry matter for 90 days. At the end of the experiment, blood parameters (white blood
cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (HB), mean
concentration hemoglobin (MCH), and mean concentration hemoglobin count (MCHC) and
stress parameters were measured. The result showed selenium + vitamin E and selenium
treatments significantly increased (p <0.05) in PCV as compared with vitamin treatment and
the control group. While treatment of vitamin significantly increased (p <0.05) in hemoglobin
concentration compared to treatment of combination selenium + vitamin E. Stress parameters
such as respiratory rate and heartbeat decreased significantly (p <0.05) in treatment of
combination selenium + vitamin E compared to other treatments. There were no significant
differences between the study treatments in the WBC count.

lactobacilli, Bacillus subtills, Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae were
applied to produce fermented feeds (FF), The FF was pelleted to investigated for its
influences on egg quality for laying hens, the (FF) was ferment with 10 g / kg feed of
the probiotic with a wetting ratio of half a liter/kg of feed for 48 hours where it was
used at rates 0, 25%, 50 %, 75%, and 100% for the treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5
respectively, and the duration of the study lasted for seven periods, each period was
two weeks, as for the following study results: Significant superiority (P≤0.05) for all
FF treatments during the second period and treatment T5 during the third and sixth
periods, and for treatments T3, T4 and T5 during the fourth period in the shell weight.
As for the shell thickness, a significant superiority (P≤0.01) was obtained for
treatment T3 in the fourth period and for treatment T2 in the fifth, sixth, and seventh
periods, and in the yolk height, there were a significant superiority (P≤0.01) for the
treatment T4 during the first, second and seventh periods, and for the treatments T2
and T5 during the fourth and fifth periods, as for the yolk diameter, a significant
superiority (P≤0.01)was obtained for the treatments T2, T3 and T4 in the fourth and
fifth periods, and T2 during the seventh period, and in albumen height, a significant
(P≤0.01) was increased for the treatments T3, T4, and T5 during the second period,
and a significant superiority was obtained for treatment T5 in the fifth period and a
significant superiority for the two treatments T1 and T2 in the seventh period.

The study aims to identify the awareness level of Hunters related to making environmental
mistakes in the Dukan lake - Sulaimaniyah Governorate. The study comminuted included all 177
respondents in the study area and the study sample included 62 respondents who randomly
selected 35% of the study comminuted as well as the questionnaire by interview was used as a
tool to collect the data then the questionnaire was shown to specialists in agricultural extension
and fish breeders to achieve content validity. The data was collected and analyzed statistically by
used statistical tools and SPSS version22. As well as the results showed that % 82.25 of
respondents were aware related to making environmental mistakes in general within medium
tends to low. Also, the awareness level of respondents related to fields of making mistakes that
caused water pollution came the first rank in terms of relative importance with means of 30.11
degrees. Then comes Soil pollution with means of 19.88 degrees. Finally, Air pollution comes in
the last rank with means of 19.45 degrees. Additionally, the results show that there is a
correlation between the awareness level of respondents related to making environmental mistakes
in the Dukan lake - Sulaimaniyah Governorate in general and variables: Age and Duration of
fishing experience While there is no correlation between the awareness level of respondents
related to making environmental mistakes in general and each of variables: Areas Used in fishing,
Participation in training courses and Exposure to informational sources.

In this study, the antagonistic effect of five bacteria genera namely Bacillus, Pseudomonas,
Azotobacter, Azospirillum, and Streptomyces isolated from rhizosphere of wheat were
evaluated against Fusarium graminearum as potential biocontrol agents in vitro. F.
graminearum was molecularly diagnosed using the Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
technique. Each bacteria were tested for the production of catalase enzyme, oxidase enzyme,
analysis of starch, analyze of gelatin, and the motility, where Azotobacter, Azospirillum, and
Bacillus subtilis were positive for all tested. Fungal inhibition tests were performed by using
the dual culture method and agar well diffusion technique. Among them, Streptomyces and
Azospirillum exhibited potent inhibition to the growth of F. graminearum (72.14% and
66.42%) respectively, followed by B.pumillus, P.fluorescens, B. subtilis and Azotobacter (
58.28%, 43.23%, 39.71% and 35.71%) respectively as compared with the control treatment
(0.0%).The dry weight of the fungus biomass was decreased with bacteria P. fluorescens,
Streptomyces sp, Azotobacter sp, Azospirillum sp, B. subtilis, and B. pumillus which reached
(0.114, 0.103, 0.147, 0.101, 0.143, and 0.107 g) respectively compared to the control
treatment that was 0. 665 g.

The experiment was carried out in open field of the research station at College of
Agriculture / University of Diyala during two seasons 2018 and 2019. The aim of the study
is to investigate the effect of foliar spraying with water extract of Rocket at three
concentrations of 0, 50,, and 100% in and ground addition of Organic solution at three
concentrations 0, 15, 20 ml. L-1 in. The Randomized Complete Block Design was used with
three replicates. The results showed that spraying water extract of Rocket was superior in
100%. It was found that the highest values in stem height, number of external leaves, head
diameter and head weight, and total yield for both seasons 13.36 cm, 12.57 leaf, 14.94 cm,
1.302 kg. plant-1 and 43.417 tons. H -1 For the first season, 10.92 cm, 12.64 leaves, 15.26 cm,
1.308 kg. Plant-1 and 43.618 tons. H-1) for the second season. Also, the ground addition of
solution was superior at 20 ml. L-1 in all studied traits. They did not differ significantly from
the 15ml.L-1 concentration. However, they differ significantly from the control treatment,
which gave the lowest values for all traits and both seasons. As for the treatment of
interaction which was (20 ml.L-1 and 100% of Rocket extract), it exceeded all treatments and
for both seasons.were recorded 13.42 cm, 12.88 leaf, 15.77 cm, 1.351 kg. Plant-1 and 45.028
tons. H-1 for the first season, as well as 11.03 cm, 13.01 leaf, 15.80 cm, 1.383 kg. plant-1 and
46.096 tons. H-1 for the second season.

This study was conducted at Taj Al-Nahrain cows station in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate /
Al-Diwaniyah district, which is 180 km from the center of Baghdad, and the duration of the
experiment was extended from 1/9/2018 to 1/9/2019, the number of cows used in the
experiment is 64 of the Holstein cows imported from Germany. To study the relationship
between Scalp color and production performance and heat tolerance coefficient, 64 Holstein
cows used in this experiment, cows divided into three groups according to the color of scalp
cows as the ratio of spotting as 90% black, 50% black-50% white and 90% white, The result
of this study showed. The color of the scalp had a significant effect on the milk components,
as the color of the scalp exceeded 50% black 50% white over the color of the scalp 90%
black, and the color of the scalp 90% white, Was non-significant in other milk components,
milk production, and heat tolerance coefficient.

The research aims to identify the level of awareness of rural women in field health of
the homestead in each field of study fields, the health of kids, the health of animals, and
health of commons in Zummar region/ Nineveh Province, identify the correlation between
awareness of rural women and variables of study age, the educational level, job of husband,
number of family and number of kids in the field of health in Zummar region/ Nineveh
Province, the research includes all the rural women in research region whose their number
115 respondents, were taken random samples from 20 respondents pre-test its excluded from
the original sample, it became final study sample of 95 respondents, the data was collected
from the study respondents by a questionnaire, that is consisted of two parts: the first part
includes the personal variables, the second part included the dependent variable that is rural
women awareness, it consists of 29 items. Statistical program -Spss- used in the analysis of
the data, the results shows, that the level of general rural women awareness /in Jamroot
village, in the Zummar region was low. There are significant relationships between the level
of general rural women awareness and some of the studied variables. The researcher gives
some conclusions, generally, weak of awareness of rural women, in Jamroot village, in
Zummar region in the field of the home health and he recommends increase their knowledge
and information through providing themselves with health bulletins of the animal's health,
children health, and even adults health.