kufa Journal for Nursing sciences

Background: Verruca vulgaris is a common dermatological problem. The conventional treatments for verruca vulgaris are usually invasive, low efficacy, and need a long recovery period.

Aims of study: evaluate the effectiveness and the safety of long pulsed Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of verruca vulgaris.

Methodology: In this therapeutic clinical trial, thirty five patients with a total of 105 lesions were enrolled. Each patient was eligible for up to three treatment sessions at 2 weeks interval with long pulsed Nd:YAG laser. All verrucae were evaluated before every session and three months after the last treatment session. The response classifies as complete (when there is complete disappearance of lesions), no response when there was no change, and partial (when the reduction in verruca size 50% or greater).

Results: complete response was seen in 96 (91.43%), partial response in 4 (3.81%), and no response in 5 (4.76%) verruca. The cumulative clearance rate after first, second, third treatment sessions was 60%, 80%, and 91.43 % respectively. At end of follow up, relapse rate was 2.08%. Side effects were generally mild and did not prevent normal activity.

Background: This study was conducted on 200 children and adult of both sexes who attended Al- Zahra Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital &Middle Euphrates Neuroscience Center in Al-Najaf province from July 2016 to July 2017 because they complaining of some symptoms that may related to meninges infection. The mean ages of suspected patients were 13.09 years for males (109), and 11.28 years for females (91).

Aim of study: Identification of biochemical contents (glucose and protein level) and cell count (neutrophil and lymphocyte) of CSF among patients with meningitis.

Methodology: The biochemical examination of spinal cord fluid (glucose and protein level), as well as the number of white blood cells (lymphocytes and rectangles), was conducted for the period from June 2016 to June 2017. All the biochemical tests (glucose and protein), counting the cells of the spinal cord fluid, making the direct swabs and dyeing them with chromium were done. In addition, the samples were planted with special farms for all the subjects. The average glucose level in cerebrospinal fluid of meningitis patients was 62.54 mg / dl. While the mean total protein level in CSF of meningitis patients was 27.23 mg / dl. Equivalent and lymphatic cell counts were predominant in the same spinal fluid of patients.

Results: The mean level of glucose in CSF of meningitis patients was 62.54 mg/dl. The mean level of total protein in CSF of meningitis patients was 27.23mg/dl. Neutrophil & lymphocyte was the predominant cell in CSF of all suspected meningitis patients.

Conclusion: The positive parameters in the analysis of CSF may be used to differentiate between bacterial and non- bacterial meningitis. Positive bacterial meningitis does not depend on the result of CSF sugar & protein only.

Recommendation: Give priority to medical soon attending and laboratory analysis

Keyword: CSF, bacterial meningitis, streptococcus pneumonia, Neisseria meningitides, Haemophilus influenza.Â

Aims of study: The study aims to assess the information needed of patients with coronary artery disease and healthy individuals in terms of diet and exercise method in Erbil city.

Methods: A descriptive cross sectional design used to compare and assess knowledge of coronary artery disease patients to a healthy individual on diet and exercise pattern. Seventy-two participants answered questionnaires and took part in the present study; 36 coronary artery disease patients and 36 healthy individuals. The patients received advice from their doctors at their admission.

Results: The current survey illustrates that the highest percentage 19 (52.8%) of coronary artery disease patients had fair level of knowledge on diet. In contrast, 26 (72.2%) of healthy individuals had poor knowledge on diet. 22 (61.1%) of coronary artery disease patients had fair knowledge on exercise and 21 (58.3%) of healthy persons had fair knowledge on exercise. 26 (72.2%) of coronary artery disease patients had fair knowledge on both diet and exercise compared with a healthy individual who had fair knowledge on diet and exercise 18 (50%) without any instruction program.

Conclusion: As revealed in this study, a larger number of the patients with coronary artery disease had overall fair knowledge regarding diet and exercise than the healthy individuals, and this significant difference can be attributed to the fact that coronary artery disease patients are more careful about and pay more attention to their health and diet.

Recommendations: Education program needs to be introduced for coronary artery disease patients by the nurse in teaching hospitals on diet and performing structured, planned and repetitive exercise. Furthermore, healthy persons should be encouraged to participate in performing regular exercise pattern and importance of diet in preventing coronary artery disease.

Aim of study: The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of an educational program on Nurses' Practices about the triage system in Emergency department of Qalat Salih Hospital.

Methodology: An experimental design was carried out at Qalat Salih general hospital from 20 May, 2018 to 1 October, 2018. The program and instruments were constructed by the researcher for the purpose of the study. Random sample comprised of (60) nurses was divided into two groups, study group consisted of (30) nurses exposed to the nursing educational program and control group consisted of (30) nurses were not exposed to the program. The measurement of effectiveness of nursing educational program through the observational checklist includes (54) items are divided to seven main domain related to triage system in emergency department concerning nurses' practice. Reliability of instrument was determined through the use of test and retest and the instrument validity was determined through a panel of experts. The analysis of the data was used descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, mean score and standard deviation) and statistical inferential (student t- test and ANOVA) In order to find the differences between the study group and the control group

Results: The study findings indicated that there were highly significant differences between pre and posttests in the study group in overall main domains related to nurses' practices

Conclusion: The study concluded that the effectiveness of educational program regarding nurses' practice concerning the triage system in emergency department of Qalat Salih Hospital is significance and there are large differences in pretest than posttest in improvement the nursing staff regard to program of the triage system.

Recommendation: The nurses' staff can be encouraged and motivation for being participated in the special training programs and conference with the triage system specialists who have long experience in practices of the triage procedure to fulfill the nurses' needs related the triage system in their practices.

Background: Nurses knowledge concerning the Prevention of Central Venous Catheter Infection in intensive care units in hospitals is one of the main issues that nurses should know is to reduce or prevent patients' complications.

Aims of study: Assess the Nurses knowledge concerning the Prevention of Central Venous Catheter Infection, to find out the relationship between the nurses knowledge with their demographic and occupational characteristics.

Methodology: To achieving this objectives a questionnaire was developed according to review of literature and consist of two parts, the first part deal with demographic and occupational characteristic of intensive care unit nurses, while the second part include questions for knowledge test regarding prevention of central venous catheter infection, Sample consist of (50) nurses who work in intensive care unit in: Ghazi Alhareri Teaching Hospital, Ibn Al-Bitar Teaching Hospital, Ibn Al-Nafis Teaching Hospital, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Alkarama Teaching Hospital, AL-Kindy Teaching Hospital. The validity of the questionnaire was achieved through (13) of experts,(10) who working in Nursing college University of Baghdad and also(3)expert who work in Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Ibn Al-Bitar Teaching Hospital, The data collection instrument of choice was structure interview, the study starting from 15 December 2014 to 22 May 2015, collected data were analyzed with the assistance of a statistician using descriptive and inferential statistic.

Result: Show that the study of the research in regard to nurses age (52%) of them were in age group (20-29) years, and more than one half (58%) of them were female, (54%) were nursing college graduate with no training session in especially in intensive care unit, also reveals that the nurses' knowledge in fair level (54%).

Conclusion: This study concludes that the most of the nurses had a fair level of knowledge.

Background: This study was done to treat patients with androgenetic alopecia by using a new procedure, follicular unit extraction.

Aim of study: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Follicular Unit Extraction Hair Transplant in the treatment of androgenic alopecia patients

Methodology: The consultation establishes whether the patient is a candidate or not for hair transplantation. A complete history, including the age of onset, previous hair transplants, and scalp surgeries as well as scar formation, also medical, smoking, family and hair loss history were obtained. These patients were followed up to look for the time period of initiation of hair growth, the growth achieved at the end of 3-6 months and any adverse events. The results of patients with noticeable improvement in the photographs and patient satisfaction were recorded at 3&6 months after the procedure.

Results: Thirty-five patients were treated with this new procedure. The hair growth started after three months and density of hair increase after six months. Three patients (8%) developed postural hypotension immediately postoperative and improve by changing position. Slight pain and burning sensation at donor site were recorded in all patients and relieved by taking simple analgesia.

Conclusion: This is a new procedure for treating hair loss in males with androgenic alopecia, that does not leave scars and it is appealing satisfied for both patient and doctor.

Recommendations: we recommend the application of procedure for larger group of patients to assess their effectiveness.

Background: low birth weight is a reliable indicator in monitoring and evaluating the success of maternal and child health programs and has been defined as a birthweight less than 2500 grams.

Aims of study: to determine the mean birthweight of the studied sample and to identify factors associated with the low birth weight.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study conducted in Baghdad in Ibn Al-Baladi hospital. Sampling was convenient & sample size was 200. The study started from 1st October 2016 to 30th March 2017. Data was collected by questionnaire to obtain social- demographic information.

Results: The result shows that mean weight of cases was 2.09 kg as compared to 3.5kg in controls, and the 12% were illiterate. About (36.9%) of the women with low birthweight were mainly at less than 37 weeks of gestation age, the number of women who had more than one child was higher among LBW than among normal birthweight. Analysis of results by (chi-square test) show that low educational level, preterm, short birth space interval less than 2 years, and multigravida, and low ANC visits and smoking were significant factors associated with low birthweight

Conclusions: This study shows the low educational level, medical and obstetric and low visit antenatal clinic and smoking factors have strong association with low birth weight.

Recommendation: The study re commended that re gular health education program through mass media and regular education program in ANC units for pregnant women to avoiding LBW babies.

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis infections are greatly connected with the Existence of other STIs (gonorrhea, chlamydia, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus).

Aims of study: To investigate the infection rate of Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis in women who attended to Al-Zahraa Hospital for Maternity and Children in Al- Najaf city.

Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted on 86 women was attended to Al-Zahraa Hospital for Maternity and Children in Al- Najaf city at period between Aprils to September 2018. Cervical samples were taken from women suffering from cervicitis or cervical erosion to detect the Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis.

Results: the results show there was 50 positive samples with Chlamydia trachomatis (58.2%) and 36 sample negative (41.8%) and showed there was 24 positive samples with Trichomonas vaginalis (27.9) % and negative was 62 (72.1) % with significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) between positive and negative patients. There was no associated between these microorganisms and use contraceptive or none, mode of delivery and time of the menstrual cycle.

Conclusion: This study concludes high percentage of Chlamydia trachomatis with intermediate percentage of Trichomonas vaginalis among women in Al- Najaf city. No significant effect between these organisms and the variables in this study may be indicate the ability of them to spread in any case and required the accurately diagnosed and treated.

Recommendation: As a result, the present study recommends the epidemiological study of migratory diseases periodically and increasing the awareness procedures for the damage of these diseases and their risks.

Background: Family planning method which is safe and effective for every woman makes her able to protect her and her children health. More than half of the couples in developing world are using family planning to delay space or limit future pregnancy.

Aim of study: Assessment of displaced women's knowledge regarding family planning in Kirkuk city.

Methodology: A descriptive study design, (non-probability purposive sample) of (200) displaced women were include. The study carried out from period of 23 March 2016 to 24 December 2017 in order to achieve the objectives of the present study. A constructed questionnaire was designed consisted of four parts socio-demographic characteristics, type of family planning used by displaced women, and women's knowledge about family planning and sources of family planning. Data were analyzed by, descriptive statistics, which includes frequency and percentage to show the distribution .and (mean of score and grand mean of score). By Statistical Package SPSS, version 20.0 was used for all data manipulation and statistical analysis.

Results: The findings of the study demonstrate that 80/200 (40%) of women were aged between of (25 - 34) and 56/200 (28%) of them graduated from primary school, 138/200 (69%) were housewife and. The study indicated that131/200 (65.5%) had (less than five) children. About90/200 (45%) of women had (11-20) years of marriage, 131/200 (69%) of them had regular menstrual cycle about121/200 (60.5%) of sample had above two years interval between pregnancy.

Conclusions: Adequate knowledge regarding benefits and complications of family planning. In addition, contraceptive pills were the most method used by the mothers and obtaining the family planning method from the private pharmacies.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the primary public health problems in developing countries.

Aim of study: The study aims to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of nursing students at Mosul University toward tuberculosis.

Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study design. A purposive sample of study consist of (120) nurses students fourth stage. The study was set in the Nursing College/ University of Mosul. Data were collected for the period (17th February 2018) to (25th April 2018). Dependent on the interview technique by using a questionnaire, The questionnaire was designed to achieve the aims of the study, it consisted of three parts, the first content the demographic information, the second part include general knowledge of students about categories that infected with tuberculosis, signs of disease, methods of transmission of disease, and the third part include the student attitude of tuberculosis disease. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, which include percentages and proportions of variables, data was prepared, organized and entered into a computer file; Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS, Version 11) is used for data analysis.

Results: The results showed that (71.7%) female, male (28.3) was at age (22-23) year. The study showed that there is a significant difference between students' knowledge and attitude with age, and the non-significant difference between students' knowledge and there some socio-cultural factors (marital status, sex).

Conclusion: The majority of the sample of females and were within the age group (22-23 years). The study revealed that the student knowledge was acceptable for all variables of the general information of tuberculosis disease, also the student attitude about disease revealed good.

Background: the satisfaction of women has considered as a significant pointer of the services quality that provided by the professional of health care. Postnatal women satisfaction upon the services and care of nursing is useful and important for the agencies of health care because nurses present the majority of health care and provide the nursing care 24 hours a day for women.

Aim of study: The aim of the current study is to assess the postnatal women's satisfaction regarding the nursing care in the obstetric hospitals in Mosul city.

Methodology: A descriptive design was carried-out from 15th of November 2013 to 15th April 2014, and conducted in two hospitals in the Mosul city (Al-Batool and Al-Khanssa) teaching hospitals. A random sample was used for selecting (300) participation. The questionnaire research is corrected by (11) of college of nursing experts. The reliability of the questionnaire estimated through coefficient correlation method which indicates 0.89. The data were analyzed using a descriptive and inferential statistical analysis.

Conclusions: the study concludes that it is generally no satisfaction of postnatal women in several aspects of nursing care in gynecological hospitals in Mosul city.

Recommendation: the current study recommends that program and training courses should be done for nurses to advance their information and training aspect and improve their communication skills with the patients to present a significant level of nursing care to improve the patients satisfaction in general. The outcomes of the present study will send to the Nineveh Health Directorate to get them in view.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is among the top infectious causes of death worldwide. Patients with treated TB may remain lifelong sufferers of disabling sequelae of the disease which subsequently impair their quality of life.

Aims of study: The present study aimed to assess the functional status of patient with pulmonary tuberculosis and to and the relationship between the patients functional status and their Socio-demographic data which as (Residence, Gender, Age, Occupation, Socio-economic status, Duration of disease, number of previous hospitalization and Smoking).

Methodology: The study is conducted in a City of Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf in Consultant Clinic for tuberculosis and Chest Diseases. Data collected on structured questionnaire planned specifically for this study, and it is consist of two parts: Part one Included Socio-demographic characteristics and clinical data, and Part two Include (5) domain related to functional status for patient with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Conclusions: The study concluded that the patients living in urban residential area are more vulnerable to get pulmonary tuberculosis than those living in rural area and males also more vulnerable to get pulmonary tuberculosis than females.

Recommendations: improved the role of physician and nurse to take their roles toward instruct patient toward their disease and how to dealing problems to achieve the highly quality of life and continuous follow-up for all tuberculosis patients especially those who live in urban area