The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Cichlids are among the economically important which serve as a source of food for people around the world. A deep understanding of the population structure and genetic diversity of cichlids are vital for initiation of conservation policies and sustainable aquaculture. There is paucity of information on the patterns of genetic variations among and within cichlidsin North-central Nigeria.This study,therefore, investigated population genetic structure of Coptodonzillii, Oreochromisniloticus, and Hemichromisfasciatuscollected from different freshwater bodies in North-central Nigeria.Genomic DNA was extracted, and five highly polymorphic RAPD primers were used for RAPD-PCR amplification and genotyping of the fish. Genetic polymorphism within and between the three tilapia species were examined. Percentages of polymorphism loci, pairwise population matrix, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA),and genetic distances of cichlid populations were determined using standard methods, and dendrograms were constructed using an un-weighted pair group method of arithmetic mean (UPGMA).Overall, percentages of estimated molecular variance within and among C. zillii, H. fasciatusand O. niloticuspopulations were 5% and 95%; 4% and 96% and 13% and 87%, respectively. Our results suggest that the three cichlids have close evolutionary relationship and there were no distinct genetic differences on the basis on sampling locations. C. zilliiand H. fasciatusare more genetically closer than O. niloticus.This study concludes that RAPD is useful in studying the population genetic structure of cichlids.This study therefore recommends conservation of genetic pool of cichlid species through proper maintenance and restoration of polluted habitat to guarantee sustainable fishery production.However, markers such as microsatellite DNA can be assayed in further studies for better results.

The goal of this study was to assess the antibacterial efficiency of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gentamicin against Staphylococcus aureus that can form biofilms. The characterization of AgNPs‎ was confirmed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) which was spherical and homogenous in form, with a diameter between 25 and 45 nm. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) presented the size of AgNPs to be 50 nm. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to examine the presence of elemental silver. The three-dimensional structure of silver nanoparticles was discovered using an atomic force microscope (AFM), with a diameter of 47.18 nm on average. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of AgNPs and gentamicin against S. aureus isolated from caprine mastitis were determined using the microdilution assay. The checkerboard microdilution technique was utilized to inspect the synergistic antibacterial activity of AgNPs with gentamicin utilizing the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). The antibiofilm capability of AgNPs was also investigated. The results indicate that AgNPs generated by biosynthesis are antibacterial against S. aureus. Moreover, AgNPs and gentamicin exhibit synergistic action. The study\'s findings suggest that biogenic AgNPs may act as anti-biofilm agents and treat mastitis caused by S. aureus. In conclusions biosynthesized AgNPs exhibit strong antibacterial and antibiofilm effectiveness and synergistic activity when combined with gentamicin.

Resveratrol (RS) is widely used in medical fields as an antioxidant. Current research investigated ‎the protective role of RS supplement on histomorphometric and histopathological alterations in ‎testes were caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) of rats as an animal model. Thirty-two adult ‎rats were utilized in this study, divided randomly into 4 equal groups as follows. The group C ‎was given tap water only and served as control, the 2nd group (G1) was given 0.5% of H2O2 of ‎tap water, the 3rd group (G2) was given tap water containing 0.5% of H2O2 and intubated RS ‎supplement at 87 mg/kg BW, and 4th group intubated RS supplement 87 mg/kg BW. after 56 ‎days of treatment, rats were euthanized, dissected then, specimens of testes tissue were collected ‎for histomorphometric and histopathological evaluation. Our results showed that administration ‎of H2O2 caused a significant histomorphometric with histopathological changes in the form of a ‎thickness of fibrous tunica albuginea, disarrangement of germ cells, necrosis of spermatogonia, ‎edema, and loss of sperms as compared to other groups. Meanwhile, these histological alterations ‎were partially attenuated in the G2 group that intubated resveratrol. Thus, the current study ‎concluded that resveratrol may have therapeutic value in the treatment of induced testicular injury ‎by H2O2 due to its antioxidant activity and attenuation of harmful effects of oxidative ‎stress through a mechanism that should be elucidated in future studies

Dipylidiasis is a zoonotic intestinal cestode disease caused by Dipylidium caninum. ‎The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Dipylidium caninum infections ‎in dogs from Baghdad city. The study involved the impact of sexes, age, during nine months ‎‎(from January to October 2021) on dipylidiasis infection in pet and stray dogs. 108 faecal ‎samples were collected from (54 pets and 54 stray dogs) then examined for the detection of D. ‎caninum egg capsules and eggs using coprological diagnosis (flotation and sedimentation ‎methods) in the laboratory of parasitology / College of Veterinary Medicine, University of ‎Baghdad. The overall infection rate was 14.81% (16/108). The study revealed the infection rate ‎of D. caninum from pets and stray dogs was 9.26% (5/54), and 20.37% (11/54), respectively. ‎Infection rates in stray dogs were high during March, April, and May (12.5% for each month), ‎compared with pet dogs (0%, 6.25%, 6.25%) respectively, while in January, the rate of ‎infection was 0% in both types, significantly (P<0.05) during March. A significant difference ‎was recorded (P<0.01) between the sexes in both dog types, females recorded a higher 25% ‎‎(3/12) infection rate than males 19.05% (8/42) in stray dogs, compared to the females, 5.9% ‎‎(1/17) and males, 10.8% (4/37) in pet dogs, respectively. According to the age, a high infection ‎rate was found in stray dog adults (20.51%), while the infection rate was zero (0%) in pet dog ‎puppies, with a significant difference (p < 0.01) between the age groups in both types. The ‎results revealed that stray and pet dogs may play a larger role in the spread of zoonotic ‎dipylidiasis and that public health needs more concerted efforts to educate dog owners and ‎implement control programs to prevent the infective stage maturation by cutting life cycle of ‎intermediate hosts.

This study was conducted to assess the potential dietary effect of grind seeds of Rhus coriaria(gsRC) with and withoutexogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) on some lipid profiles and ruminal fermentation characteristics of Awassi male lambs. A total of twenty-four Awassi male lambs weighing 21.56±0.77kg at 3-4 months of age were randomly divided based on BW into four groups with six animals each. Dietary treatments were provided to lambs for 4 months as follows: control group, fed on a concentrate diet at the rate of 2.5% BW with alfalfa hay daily; gsRC-15 group, fed the control group diet supplemented with 15g/head dried grind seeds of Rhus coriariadaily with diet; EFE-5 group, fed the control group diet supplemented with 5 g/head of EFE daily with diet; gsRC-EFE group, fed on the control group diet supplemented with 15 g/headdried grind seeds of Rhus coriariaand 5g/head of EFE daily with diet. The results showed that serum cholesterol andtriglycerides significantly (P<0.05) reduced in the treated groups compared to thecontrol group, particularlyobservedin 3rd and 4th months of the experiment. Comparable results were observed for lambs fed on EFE alone in the 4th month of the study. The treatment groups showed significantly (P<0.05) lower ruminal pH levels at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end of the experiment.At the middle and end of the study\'s last month, the volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and microflora activity of the rumen were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the treated groups compared to the control group. It can be concluded that sumac seed powder and EFE can be used in combinationor alone asan effective feed additive to improve lipid profiles and rumen fermentation parameters in Awassi male lambs