journal of Economics And Administrative Sciences

Abstract
This research aims to explore the impact of strategic intelligence by his dimensions (Foresight , system thinking, vision, motivation and partnership) on decision making styles which represented by ( rational, intuitive, dependent, Spontaneous and Avoidant style) for a sample of the administrative leaders in the center of Reconstruction &Housing Ministry and Some its formations which are companies of (Sa'ad, Al Mansour, al Farouq, Assyria, al-Mu'tasim, al- Rasheed, and Public Authority for Housing). So to achieve the research objectives and to test hypotheses, it has been relying on data collection form questionnaire as an essential tool, as well as field visits and personal interviews, the questionnaire distributed to the research sample's (104) of the decision makers in the the mentioned organizations, the number of forms recovered and valid was (77 ) form. Its undergone of statistical analysis using the program (SPSS) based on a set of statistical tools selected for the study of the relationship, the impact, and the differences between the variables, like (arithmetic mean (Mean), standard deviation (Std), the coefficient of variation (C. V.), link simple linear (Pearson), simple linear regression (Simple Regression Coefficient.
The research found a set of results, most notably the presence significant of correlation and the effect between strategic intelligence at general level and subsidiary dimensions except partnership and between the decision-making styles , with the exception of avoided style , while not indicate those results are differences in the level of awareness of strategic intelligence and the decision-making style between the center of the ministry and its formations researched.
Based on the findings of the research results it has developed a set of recommendations was the most important to make strategic intelligence part of the organizations surveyed culture by investing realize the managers of some of the details and work on disseminate in all parts of the organization, and to encourage the submission of creative ideas and creativity and that contribute to the investment Perceptions strategic intelligence leaders have in adopting effective decisions

Abstract
Organizational learning is one of the most important means of human resource development in organizations, but most of the organizations, especially public ones do not realize the importance of organizational learning enough, and estimated his role accurately in building intellectual capital, the resource competitive importantly for organizations of the third millennium and who suffers is other end of lack of understanding of its meaning and how to prove its presence and measured in public organizations, so there is the need for this research, which aims to investigate the effect of organizational learning its processes (knowledge acquisition, Information transfer, Interpreting the information, Organizational memory) in building intellectual capital in public organizations through its componets (The human capital, The structural capital ,Capital of customers ,the creative Capital) comparative research between the universities of Baghdad and al-Mustansiriya , through three main Hypotheses branched from them ten Sub-hypotheses to compare between the two organizations and to know the relationship between and the impact of the two variables of the research through many of the Statistical methods , has been using the questionnaire as a tool for data collection, with a number of (174) teaching staff by (102 ) teaching staff from the University of Baghdad and (72) of the university teaching staff al-Mustansiriya. In the light of the achieved results, there were a set of conclusions the most important one was the relationship and the significance impact between organizational learning and the Intellectual capital .it appeared there were no meaning full difference between the two universities about organizational learning. But there were significant differences in terms of Intellectual capital and the two variables at each university. I ended the research with series of recommendations including the necessity to employ a relationship between organizational learning and intellectual capital in the formulation of plans for public organizations in development of human resources to build its intellectual capital and maintain it.

Abstract
The study seeks to determine the levels of credit structure (independent variable) depending on its components (loans, credit disseminate, other facilities) To get the eight patterns of the structure of bank credit for the purpose of assessing the relationship between changes in levels of each style of structure credit (increase or decrease) and reflected in maximizing the value of the Bank(The adopted a measured variable depending on the approximate equation of simple Tobin's Q) to determine the style that achieves the highest value of the Bank, to take advantage of it in management, planning and control by knowing the strengths and weaknesses of the historical distribution of the facilities . the sample of the study consisted of ten banks for GATC (2004-2012) was adopted by the researcher to gather data and information on reports and financial statements for those banks, and analysed using SPSS statistical programme ''. The researcher concluded that the results of the analysis based on a matrix of eight styles that define the pattern of credit structure (LHH) containing (loans and advances is low, , Credit and other facilities to disseminate high) as a level 1 for having achieved the highest value Bank expressed by Q(2.5961)The most important recommendations was the need to give greater importance to credit structure analysis to the employees of financial institutions and banking as the analysis is not limited to the planning function But also extended to include oversight function by monitoring changes in the levels of credit portfolio and maintain the structure and quality of credit portfolio and reduce risk within acceptable levels, and to maintain the value of the Bank

Abstract
Business Ethics play a major role in explaining the behavior of those interested in the management of tourism enterprises in the field of management gains, which sometimes turn to manipulation in the specification of the service of tourism and influence in the technical characteristics at the expense of the brand and market share, as well as misleading beneficiaries about the fact that the performance of the service of tourism, may depend activities tourist dramatically when submitting and sharing various services on the types of mutual relations the framework for moral distinct, in interaction or direct contact between producers of tourism services and tourists or their beneficiaries, in order to provide comfort and recreation and entertainment for the whole of tourists, which should be the subject of this activity is to study the phenomena the mutual relations between the variables of the process of tourism in community tourism through the correction on the moral values of the tourism product as it can be a factor, either positive or negative in determining the characteristics of tourist services, either the research problem highlights the problem of differing estimate the role of the factors in the external environment in building moral values among producers and tourists collectively or individually, and then flip it in the processes of interaction and exchange of social, economic, cultural and other, and highlights the importance of the study through addressed to the issue of moral values and their role in shaping the human relationships between the tourism product and tourists, on the one hand and between the tourism product suppliers, processors and marketers on the other hand aims study to identify the degree of the role of external factors in moral values and the reflection of the commitment by the tourism product in the production processes of tourist services and to identify the role of external factors of influence in the moral values of the tourism product in the production processes of service and tourist analyzed logically, and to know the impact on the tourism product and influence in moral values, researchers have come to the results of statistical analysis through the interrelationships between the variables of the study by researchers at the tables, including the vehicle reached by researchers through pairing and compatibility tests to test hypotheses for research.

Abstract
This research deals with study and analyze the industrial buyer behavior and identified its objectives by determine the nature of selection the members of the purchases committees and determine the role of the purchases committees to provide requirements of the educational and scientific process and knowledge Impact of the factors ( environmental , organizational , social , and individual ) and positions of the purchase in the behavior of the members of the purchases committees and starts the importance of research in it helps university administrations in the correct choice for the members of the purchases committees and gives a picture of professional conduct professional who is supposed to be practiced by purchases committees when doing currency purchase and alert to the importance of the purchase and its impact on the operations of the other organization , Included research two samples first included deans and assistants deans and department heads responsible for the selection of members of procurement committees have been numbered (33 ) individuals , and the second involving the members of the purchases committees and numbered ( 63 ) individuals , so it has been adopted Find my application questionnaire for the purpose of data collection , and used in the research group of statistical methods computerized system spss for processing and analysis of data , Based on measuring the study variables , identifying them and testing the research hypotheses , the research has come to a set of conclusions was the most prominent of which are the impact of environmental factors , organizational , social , individual ) and Buying Situatios in behavior of the purchases committees have varied among these factors in terms of the degree of importance organizational factors has occupied the first rank in effect , The development of a set of recommendations based on the findings of this research conclusions.

Abstrac:
Gaining the relationship between the central government and local governments is great importance especially after the expanded functions of the central government and became unable to carry out their works without all that delegate or transfer parts of its powers to lower levels.
The aims of the research is to determine the relationship of the central government with the local government in accordance with the principle of administrative decentralization with the presentation of the competent authorities, the control of local governments, according to the Provincial Council Act No. 21 of 2008 amended.
The research has a problem that has been the relationship of the central government to local governments in accordance with the Constitution and the law is different from what is applied on the ground and thus failure and reluctance to provide services and non-fulfillment of the local requirements.
To understand the nature of the relationship between the central government and local governments to adopt variable was represented by four central dimensions (control, participation, independence, election.
This research adopted a case study approach was used several methods to gather evidence and information, including checklists and personal interviews and observations from the field cohabitation in Baghdad Provincial Council, Rely on a range of ways to deal with census data, including frequency distribution and percentages to describe the variables of the study and diagnosis, the arithmetic mean to determine the level of response to the variables of the study test the sincerity scale manner ratios comparison, the results of the search Reached to a group of the most important conclusions was that the relationship between the central government and local governments, according to the constitution is a cooperative relationship coordinating give local governments autonomy in administrative and financial performance of its business without subjecting the control or supervision of the central government.
Search and recommended the granting of the central government has the right of Administrative Control on the local government and the central control is an important element of administrative decentralization, where did not include the Constitution and the law state control of the central government to local government.

Abstract:
One of the most important challenges facing project management at present time is to ensure project accomplishment in spite of the specific restrictions like the specific time the financial resources specialized to do the project ; which require an accurate consideration for time and cost . the modern village project (residential building aspect) is one of the great project that ministry of agriculture is trying to do Wasit governorate it is chosen as the work in this project is dilatory for that is being studied in term of some modern mathematical and scientific methods like critical path method (CPM)which is one of the project management and scheduling methods to know the time needed to accomplish residential building project , with acknowledgement that many activities of project net are of unconventional relations among each others (of type finish to start) ; and there are periods of (lead and lag) among each other for that reason , (primavera V6) program is used in project scheduling and management which is one of prime programs to find the time and cost of project accomplishment at normal and crash states ; and as project management has numerous goals , same of them are contradictory which are trying to do in one time and that require great working and decision-makers face difficulty to reach into accurate and suitable decisions (goal programming) method is used which is one of efficient and mathematical method to achieve the objectives the results obtained of the mathematical model solution with the use of (win Q.S.B V2) program show the importance and efficiency of this method in modern village project scheduling (residential building aspect) under numerous contrasted goal that project management determined according to their importance and to be achieved according to their importance and to be achieved in one time .

Abstract:
Purpose: This research seeks to provide a point of view based on the creation of sustainable value to the customer of the banks in the context of total quality management and relationship marketing. It aims to develop a model to measure the value of sustainable customer peduncular under total quality management PAL (administrative leadership, involvement of employees, continuous improvement, process improvement, staff training), through the mediation of relationship marketing and objective dimensions (administrative leadership, involvement of employees, continuous improvement, improving processes , staff training), and to explore any of the variables and dimensions more influential in the creation of sustainable value to the customer, this study aimed to discuss the importance of the role of total quality management and its role in achieving the marketing performance in light of relationship marketing and its impact on the Iraqi banking sector, and this study provides scale mode is useful to create sustainable value for the customer, it helps managers to use to assess the current situation in the banking performance, may improve managers their programs more effectively and efficiently through orientation strategy towards strengthening the relationship between the bank and the customer by giving the value they deserve the customer in exchange for a large market share, including reflects on the profitability in the future, all of which depends on the indicators total quality management and its impacts on the creation of value for the customer.
Find a problem: the problem of the study summarizes a series of questions, and it was the most important: the elements that enhance the total quality management to achieve sustainable value to the customer of the banks operating in Iraq? What level of impact of total quality management presence or absence of relationship marketing in achieving customer value?
Design / methodology: Use approach pilot in the application of the current study, has used the questionnaire to collect data in order to develop a model to measure reliably and correctly to the variables total quality management and marketing relationship with the dimensions of creating sustainable value to the customer, and was selected an intentional sample of managers and heads of departments numbered (119 ) person, and hypotheses were tested through the use of some statistical processors, was the most important path analysis. The most important assumptions are (increasing the impact of total quality management in sustainable value to the customer through the mediation of relationship marketing
Results: The sample shows that the interest of the class basis concerning TQM is primarily administrative leadership This finding suggests that the key to success for banks is the mentality of successful leadership is leading banks towards excellence and success within a very competitive environment in the banking sector.
Originality / value: undertake this research with the help of service providers in the banking sector to address the challenge of increasing the value provided to the customer, and how to keep the impact of total quality management in order to achieve the best performance marketing.

Abstract:
Foreign trade receives a good deal of economists' attention for its active contribution to economic growth, and imports of goods and services that could not be produced locally constitute an important share of the local economy. Agricultural imports constitute an important share of the total imports due to their role in fulfilling the needs of local markets; however, the agricultural sector in Iraq contributes no more than a limited share of the country's need, which has encouraged the import of a variety of fruits, vegetables and strategic crops and different types of red and white meat. For the sake of identifying the factors affecting the demand on agricultural imports in Iraq, the following factors has been analyzed: the causal (Granger) relationship among the amount of agricultural imports (IM), the variable of gross domestic product (GDP), prices of agricultural import (PI), and foreign reserve (TR). The results indicate that a higher proportion of the contribution of the agricultural imports were in 1995 amounted to 37% and agricultural imports are going increasingly with rising GDP and this reflects the positive relationship between income and demand, and pointed to the existence of a deficit in agricultural trade balance as agricultural imports has exceeded Agricultural exports during the period 1990-2010. The results also showed the existence of a causal relationship going from GDP to the required amount of agricultural imports, as well as the existence of a causal relationship vector of agricultural imports into foreign reserves, and this indicates the possibility of the existence of a complementary relationship shared between them and thus the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship.

Abstract
Gaining economic policy of exceptional importance in severe unilateral Iraqi economy such as the economy, as oil revenues constitute the center of gravity in the internal and external balances, Economic policy have seen in Iraq beyond 2003 in absentia economic strategic vision and failure in the application of policies to achieve economic development, as there was a disconnect and lack of integration and coordination between macro policies of monetary policy and fiscal policy, especially as if they were floating two policies are not linked by a link.

Abstract
It has become clear to see the role of the small and medium enterprises in the economy, and for the continuity of these projects it is necessary to supply finance from the banks, How ever the latter suffers risk of lending.
There fore, loans guarantee companies appeared with a vital role to facilitate the survival of these projects. this paper is to highlight the effect of the loans guarantee system on the lending process. This research is to examine a claim that establishing such system in the Iraqi company of the lending guarantee could increase access for the entrepreneurs to obtain loans and loan risk guarantee for the banks that granted these loans.

Abstract
It can be said that the Security of water in Basra from the visual task vital strategic issues of concern to the attention of researchers in various attributions and those interested in water, environmental, economic, social, cultural and political affairs ... etc. This view of the great importance of the issue of water in the occupied Basra, which is characterized by parochialism and scarcity, When looking at the sources of our daily lives and in our reality today. We find that millions of people living on the two main exporters Tabaaan oil and water. And depleted oil wealth However Manfred him the most attention because we entered it surpasses all other sources of income, but is not it a little water, a source of permanent prosperity was still the lowest in the list of visual priority, We hope the local government in Basra to take care of the issue of water security, and putting it in the top position of priority, and that becomes the interest in this vital issue fateful tops the concerns of the province, and threads that Toady great interest and should be given priority in economic research and studies, especially after the decline of quotas assigned to Iraq as a result of the exploitation of neighboring countries to Iraq's share of water. The search in Shan water security is to discuss the continuing existence and progress
In the field of display research on the study of the economic reality of water resources in Basra and restrict research in the development and the possibility of securing the economic, political, legal and cultural aspects will be focused.
Either in the field of water demand will mean the study determining the size and structure of demand and the prospect of change, as well as to rationalize water use and ensure that the development of Water Media culture appropriate, legal, economic, and administrative procedures.

Abstract
Discriminant analysis is a technique used to distinguish and classification an individual to a group among a number of groups based on a linear combination of a set of relevant variables know discriminant function. In this research discriminant analysis used to analysis data from repeated measurements design. We will deal with the problem of discrimination and classification in the case of two groups by assuming the Compound Symmetry covariance structure under the assumption of normality for univariate repeated measures data.

The importance of this research represented to find the best model to classify a group of patients who suffer from diabetes. For the purpose of studying the effects of the number of correlations, variances, and umber of repeated measurements on the performance of classification rules for this type of data based on monthly measurements of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in the blood was taken in three stages, which is the beginning of the experiment, and after three months, and then six months for two groups of patients, the first group consists of (38) patients was suffered from diabetes type (I) and the second group includes (33) patients suffered from diabetes type (II).

And through this research, concluded that when the number of parameters began to increase. Thus, the apparent error rate begin to increasing, and this is what reduces the efficiency of classification rules for this type of data. And we recommend by using the linear discriminant function when you focus on the least number of parameters to build the classification rule. And quadratic discriminant procedure Represented by equal the variance and different correlation parameters under compound symmetry covariance

Abstract
Demography or population studies or demography is the science that is based on the different characteristics of the population scientific study, and represent a population studies principled way to understand the population of society, in addition to verification of the population in a given area determine the reason for the increase or decrease this number from the previous statistical As these studies estimate future trends for the occurrence of demographic change in terms of birth, death and migration That the registration of deaths of paramount importance narrated that way can the demographic reality of the population analysis, and coverage of the health authorities' needs and enable government institutions of decision-making and do health procedures and meet the need for information about demographic changes in the past
I have been in this research use 1997 census data to build a complete life tables using two methods (Elandt johson and method of Akima), by relying on the tables condensed life and used the method (Cole Demeny) built in, and perhaps the most important thing is concentrated upon research is to choose the best method of composition of by comparing life expectancy of the Central Bureau of Statistics according to the 1997 census with the way it turned out the method of Elandt johson using life tables Cole Demeny are the best

Abstract
Iraq suffers the continuing lack of water resources in generdwether it is surface or underearth water or rain. The study of rain has got the utmost importance in order to the rain direction in Iraq and in Mosul in particular and what it will be in future. It also shows the wet as well as the dry seasons and the possibility of expecting them and expecting their quantities in order to invest them and to keep this vital resource The research deals with predict the wet and dry rainy seasons in Mosul using (SPI) Standardized precipitation index extracted from conversion of Gamma distribution to standardized normal distribution , depending on data of monthly rain amounts for 1940-2013 . Results showed existence of 31 wet rainy seasons , and 42 dry rainy seasons for the whole time of study which is 73 rainy seasons. Results of rainy seasons prediction for the time 2014-2023 showed five wet rainy seasons and five dry rainy seasons , although the general trend of rain in Mosul station refer to declines with time .

Abstract
This paper deals to how to estimate points non measured spatial data when the number of its terms (sample spatial) a few, that are not preferred for the estimation process, because we also know that whenever if the data is large, the estimation results of the points non measured to be better and thus the variance estimate less, so the idea of this paper is how to take advantage of the data other secondary (auxiliary), which have a strong correlation with the primary data (basic) to be estimated single points of non-measured, as well as measuring the variance estimate, has been the use of technique Co-kriging in this field to build predictions spatial estimation process, and then we applied this idea to real data in the cultivation of wheat crop in Iraq, where he was be considered the amount of production is the basic data (variable primary) and want to estimate a single points of non measured and the cultivated area (variable secondary) has been programming all calculations language Matlab.

Abstract
This research seeks to shed light on what you add intangible assets of benefit to the company and this antagonize pause for consideration because it makes the company in a good competitive position stimulates the rest of the companies to acquire those assets.
That many companies have achieved competitive advantages in the market do not even achieved monopolies increased the value and reaped extraordinary profits as a result of those assets which requires the need to be measured to determine the extent to which contribution in the emergence of the value added to the value of the company on the one hand and to make the presentation of financial statements The more credibility, has touched Quite a few authors in the scientific and academic research efforts to find benchmarks for those assets.
The research found a number of conclusions, including:
1. Intangible assets that need time to build and difficult to imitate by competitors، which is a source of strength for the formation of a competitive advantage.
2. that the process of measuring the intangible assets fall under the measuring technique by which the derivative is determined by the values of measurements indirectly based on mathematical models because it is not just a historic economic event depends accountant in measured on simple methods of the kind of direct.
The key findings of the research recommendations are as follows:
1. should be classified as intangible assets and business applications as mentioned research as we believe that it helps in determining what kind of assets that add value to the economic unit.
2. should resort to model market capitalization model or return on assets as a way to indirectly measure the intangible assets because it does not stray too far from the accounting rules as well as limited to the measurement of cash.

Abstract
One of the most critical functions of the government is the devising and planning for the Public Budget for the coming years. Studying any budget of any given state would directly reflect on its intentions and collective direction during a certain time span. Since all allocations represent the government's agenda and time plan for coming years. And the size of each allocation would measure the priority of each budgetary item. Because of the eminent importance of the public budget planning in Iraq, a country of abundant riches and human resources that flow in the national economy, we present this research that would cover the resources versus expenditures of Iraq's public budget endured by the government to sustain its various sectors.
The research consists of five core issues; the first: the forward of the research and its approach that adopted two propositions: the first concerns Iraq's prospective multi-resource planning along with the setting of high level coordination between both financial and investment policies in the government to achieve this goal. The second prospective is based upon the governmental sides' reliance upon a number of priorities for laying down allocations of the public budget that secure internal requirements on first hand and founding investment projects that ensures large scale employment and establishing a sustainable working environment on the second. The second core element was dedicated for the theory part of research that explores best means of public budget planning. The third covers the constituents of public budget in Iraq and their nature, in relation to income and expenditures. The fourth part deals with the main issues and challenges related with Iraqi public budget 2015, and the following years in terms of the financial and security crises sweeping the country. The research closes by the fourth part that includes the results concluded by the researcher through his display of the elements covered by the essay supported by data and case studies that were experimented de facto, among which public expenditures inflation was identified since most of it composes operational expenses and weak feasibility analysis related to investment resulting in repeated funding demand. Recommendations set by the researcher supported the points he had identified as crucial and should be sought in any improvement made in setting the public budget in Iraq.