journal of Economics And Administrative Sciences

The aim of this study is to investigate the causes of the conflict, which included (personal interests, differentiation and professional career, lack of coordination, cooperation and ill-defined duties and job description), and their impact on the decisions of the hospital, which included (the achievement of objectives, patient service and picky, efficient use of available resources, and reward employees and motivate them(.
I've been choosing the Baghdad Teaching Hospital and the Hospital Ghazi al-Hariri subsidiaries of the Department of Medical City, as of the most important hospitals, service impact in the lives of citizens and mental health, for how to enable these hospitals to transform the negative aspects of the conflict to the positive aspects, and make it an incentive to raise the spirit of competition and creativity among individuals, which increases the effectiveness of decision-making in hospitals.
Total sample (160) individuals included staffs nursing, medical and administrative staff of all levels, as it has been ignored (13) the identification of the lack of an answer to all the members of the sample paragraphs, and the number of questionnaires midwife for analysis (147) questionnaires. The questionnaire primary means of gathering information adopted by the researcher, as well as his experience through his work in one of those hospitals for several years, were included subject of research, inter questions intellectual crystallized totality of the research problem, and then was determined objectives and its importance, as well as the formulation of hypotheses basic task.
It was the use of a lot of statistical methods, such as (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentages, correlation coefficient (Spearman), coefficient of simple regression, and several tests), and by measuring the research variables and diagnosis, testing effect relationships and the differences between them, as the research found a set of conclusions was the most important, the most influential reasons in the decisions of the hospital, he appeared professional and functional differentiation of the most influential, followed by ill-defined duties and job description, followed by lack of coordination and cooperation. There is no reason to take into account the impact of personal interest in the decisions of the hospital, because the hospital when taking into account a certain class at the expense of another class or frequent disputes on the basis of personal interests do not affect the decisions of the hospital all. There are also significant differences between the causes of conflict, as priority will be given to vocational and functional differentiation followed by poor coordination, cooperation, followed by self-interest into account and finally ill-defined duties and job description.

The research deals with A very important two subjects, computer aided process planning (CAPP) and Quality of product with its dimintions which identified by the producer organization, the goal of the research is to Highlight and know the role of the CAPP technology to improve quality of the product of (rotor) in the engines factory in the general company for electrical industries, The research depends case study style by the direct visits of researcher to the work location to apply the operational paths generated by specialized computer program designed by researcher, and research divides into four axes, the first regard to the general structure of the research, the second to the theoretical review, the third to the practical framework, the fourth to the most Important recommendations and conclusions of the research.

This research aims al present to test the relalionship between the quality of work life and organizalional innovalion in the center of the Ministry of Planning to achieve this aim، in depending on given informalion of reconnaissance research by researcher the research default model include independed variable and the follower، in depending on model kinetics two models had been formulaled، to test true of the Hypotheses and collect informalion of research sample total (100) manager as a decision makers in planningministry، the researcher depend on collection of ways، important one is the questionnaire، Interviews and formal reports، the dala had been proceed by many stalistics methods to determined nalure of relalion and level of research variables and it's dimensions which its quality of work life and dimensions ( social integralion، competences development، job growth، decisionsmaking participalion and work life balance)، Then Organizalional innovalion its dimensions (Decision making ability، communicalion capacity، Risk taker، of Ability on innovalion change and innovalion courage) in spot of research results and analysis I find thal: presence of correlalion relalionship and the effect of the research variables.As one of the recommendalions reached by the research is Necessary to adopt the Ministry of Planning philosophy، especially in the area of strengthening mechanisms to improve the quality of working life is consistent with effects thal achieve radical changes in the field of Organizalional innovalion Exclusively

The research has handled an important service sector in Iraq which is the municipals sector since it is connected directly and closely with the services presented to the citizens, and because the process of accomplishing the projects needs planning and scheduling for implementing these projects according to the available financial allocating and it was no choice but finding modern methods that help succeeding the processes of planning through making use of Geographic Information system (GIS) in providing the necessary information in scheduling the projects since it is considered as one of the tools that conveys the occurred in collecting the huge amount of the locative data related to the items of the essential design of the towns .
The problem of the research was represented by the large shortage in the presentation of the municipal services especially (paving، cladding، and Flooring ) in addition to the retrogression of these services in the total essential design of the town of Hindia with the weakness of the established plans which demonstrates the course of the municipals and its future plans، which we can evaluate the performance of these municipals about the projects that are going to be accomplished during the coming periods with the concentration of providing the services to certain areas while neglecting the other areas. The research aims to prepare schedules and charts to the areas belong to the Hindia Town by using the Satellite pictures and treating and producing them with the possibility of diagnosis the level of services presented in each area that belongs to the town under consideration, which would help in making the right decision related to the execution of the projects in such a way that secures the prevention of interference with projects of other enterprises in the town. The research reached many conclusions such as the absence of general plan that can guide the municipal establishments in the Hindia Town because of the unavailability of the data related to the level of the services presented and the actual need for different areas in the town of these services. One of the recommendations of the research is the necessity of the good future planning for executing the public services projects in the town with the establishment of central an integrated information Bank for the geographical information and the updating it continually to be used by the municipal establishments and the other authorities related to the process of planning to the future projects.

This research theme of the pressures of work , which is one of the important topics in order to recognize the reality of( influencing the pressures of work in the performance of employees in the General Company for Vegetable Oil Industry in Baghdad )through the statement of the existence of the correlation and influence whether or not the statement of the strength of this relationship and its impact in the case of its existence has been provided as part of my Search for variables and their removal in front of the Sub- scientific aspect has been the distribution of the questionnaire on a sample of( 62) people working in the company Mint distributors on several sections where.
Formed resolution of two sets of the first questions are for general information The second is to measure the research variables of the independent variable which is the pressures of work and the measured set of questions fall within the 11 dimension , some of the pressures of work internal , namely, ( role ambiguity , role conflict , workload , physical work environment , technology , organizational structure , responsibility towards others ) and some of the external pressures which (economic conditions , political conditions , social conditions cultural conditions) the dependent variable is the performance of employees, who represent the six dimensions are ( productive, labor turnover , absence of staff, innovation , quality ,satisfaction of job )
After collecting and unloading data processing program, the statistical (spss) results showed a positive relationship to the pressures of work in the performance of employees, as well as having a positive impact to the pressures of work in the performance of employees , and in the light of the results researcher reached the conclusions presented on the basis of which the recommendations of the most important.
- The need to pay greater attention to the pressures of work and investment to paralyze positive.
- The division of the business is just the employees of the company researched.
- State support for the company's products for the protection of the local product.
He also proposed to conduct research concerning the same subject last sector as well as to conduct research to other dimensions to the pressures of work and the performance of others.

This study carry’s out the correlation and the effect of two main variables, these variables are Job Satisfaction included six sub: wages - salaries and justice and yield, working conditions and services, pattern of supervision and the relationship with the manger, Relationship with colleagues, the content of the work and the variety of tasks, development and promotion opportunities available to an individual, and Organizational Performance included two sub variables: Efficiency, Effectiveness. This research was conducted using a questioner as a main tool, This questioner was distributed randomly to a research community composed of seventy three working staff at the State Company for Batteries Industries, Resolution allocated two types of information included the first introductory general information about the study sample and the second related variables, the study included forty-six questions.
The study used a number of means for the purpose of statistical analysis of the data based on the statistical program SPSS.20.
The most prominent finding at this study was the positive correlation between Job Satisfaction and Organizational Performance. Job Satisfaction affects Organizational Performance.
In the other hand there was another vital finding at this study which is Job Satisfaction for the working staff was moderate.
Moreover, this study recommends the necessary of the decision makers or high level staff would increase their knowledge to their following staff and make sure they are involved in specialized truing and symposiums, for them to follow up with the latest in Job Satisfaction and its impact on Organizational Performance.
To conduct these results it requires that the leadership believes in the important effect of Job Satisfaction

Purpose: The current research attempts to diagnosis the reflection level of Information Technology (IT) Capabilities (Architectural, infrastructure, human resources, relationships resources, and dynamic capabilities) at Baghdad soft drinks Company/Al- Zafaraniya to achieving the competitive superiority represented by indicators (Cost, quality, flexibility, delivery and innovation). Recognizing the importance of the subjects studied, and because of the importance of the expected results of the field under consideration.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The experimental method has been used, the questionnaire used to collect the data in order to develop a trustworthy prototype measurement and correct for the changes of the IT capabilities and competitive superiority. This questionnaire is used as a main tool for collecting date from the sample totaling (30s) people, as well as personal interviews and actual observations. The results are analyzed by using the mean, standard deviation and CV, in addition to "F and T" tests and the factor R2.
Findings: The research of the sample found that competitive superiority is effected directly in the IT dynamics capabilities, IT human resources capabilities, IT infrastructure capabilities, and less in IT relationships resources, and more than in IT Architectural capabilities. a model measuring variables competitive superiority with IT capabilities variables, moreover, the results support the hypothesis influence and correlation between the surveyed variables.
Practical Implications: The current research provides useful measurement for Information Technology Capabilities, it helps the managers to use to assess the current situation in the capabilities of the company performance. Managers may improve their performance programs more effectively and efficiently through their strategic orientation towards competitive superiority.
Originality/ Value: This research undertakes help industrial organizations to deal with the challenge imbedded in increase the competitive superiority and enforcing IT capabilities, and how to influence IT capabilities dimensions in achieve a competitive superiority.

Since the property in Islam is based on the principle of succession , "which made you Khalaúv land and raise yourselves above some degree of Iblukm with Atakm The Lord of the fast punishment and it is Forgiving, Merciful " [cattle : 165 ] and human only Mstkhalaf where " God promised you who believe and do good deeds for Istkhalvenhm Normans in the ground as those before them " [Nur : 55 ] , considering that King God alone any talk about having ownership in Islam in the contemporary sense of ownership , containing three rights are:
1- right to dispose of the right of usufruct tenure
2-The concept is ambiguous as long as that man Mstkhalaf does not have the right to dispose do not sell and do not invest the work of others nor leased the land and similar aspects of the right to act based on the concept of modern capitalist There is no ownership of investment assets absolutely .
3- Based on the lack of ownership of the assets of an investment in Islam in any way and there is no sense having to invest capital based on individual ownership of the means of production from the land and the money and the number of machines .... etc. .
And that the ownership of the individuals of the means of production in Islam is limited to the number Mini is not the ground, and that the fruits of human labor in the production process conditional where the work is , and not hire others to work on them or rent them to others ( and only pulled him to the ground and was given another, as long as the condition of the acquisition of the land is to work the rehabilitation and Tthmerha himself ) back to man working for her, but his family and that is supposed to give charity from him and endorsing money if Dar squint him and he had not Iktr nor sows in spending this not to mention the terms of the good work which the welfare and benefit of the individual and the group , and to refrain at any moment to commit sins and prohibitions .
Based on the foregoing , the property in Islam is not merely that the ownership rights to the fruits of his work and means of consumption and production simple and not ownership of the means of investment and in particular the ground , and indicates that it is right of Guardian redistribute the land every fifty years even if they were exploited and even if the man Bamartha to give an opportunity for others.
As for the money there is no place to invest money absolutely , because any investment of money represented by the Grand unambiguously riba and who eats in the stomachs of people as fire devours firewood

The Results of Theoretical Studies and Experiment of Advanced Economies , Have Been Proven That Investment Expenditure Is Not The Only Factor And The Main Source of Production Growth, But Efficient Using Of The Fixed Assets Is More Important In This Process, All That Depends On Groups of Factors Called The Non-Investment Economic Growth, That Are Un-bodied Technical Progress With Organizational Nature.
It's Distinguished Features That it has An Influence on The Production Growth Without Any Large Additional Investment Expenditure Or Any Additional Increment in Inputs And That Can Not Be Reached Without Activating The Factors of Non-Investment Economic Growth, Which is Still Affecting Negatively In The Developing Countries, That Urged The Researcher To Tackle This Subject Through Presenting Theoretical Ideas And Concepts About Essence Of The Factors Of Non-Investment Economic Growth And Their Importance And The Ways Of Their Activation, Through Preparing Objective Circumstances Able To Reform Values Of Inherited Political Culture And Mechanisms Of Operating The State Institution And Introducing More Of Market Regulations In The Economic Life And Taking a Serious Attitude Towards Corruption Issues And Institutional Reform.

There were many ideas and opinions on the linkage between growth and economic reform in both developed and developing countries. The relationship is, of course, existed. Therefore, this research comes to analyses it in the Iraqi economy. This study is based on a hypothesis that the economic reformation in Iraq leads to lag level of growth with the of high rates of inflation. However, the study is designed to be included five sections. It found a positive relationship between the economic reformation and slowing of economic growth, in which the specified hypothesis is not fit to the economic reality in Iraq after 2003

Applications of quantitative methods, which had been explicit attention during previous period (the last two centuries) is the method of application sales man or traveling salesman method. According to this interest by the actual need for a lot of the production sectors and companies that distribute their products, whether locally made or the imported for customers or other industry sectors where most of the productive sectors and companies distributed always aspired to (increase profits, imports, the production quantity, quantity of exports. etc. ...) this is the part of the other hand, want to behave during the process of distribution routes that achieve the best or the least or most appropriate.
The research aims to build a mathematical model to the Traveling salesman problem Fuzzy multi-objective describes the problem of transportation of flour from one of Mills General Company for the manufacture of grain to some Baghdad areas and solving model using the mathematical methods applied to solve the model to access the desired goal in determining the best path that achieves the shortest path and The least cost and fastest way to transport flour from the mill to the distribution areas to be selected on the basis of representation of the problem is achieved by all the terms of mathematical model proposed in Method a Traveling salesman problem (TSP) fuzzy multi-objective and through the use of two methods to solve of fuzzy multi-objective linear programming (FMOLP) and Intuitionists fuzzy optimization(IFO) in solving the problem of Traveling salesman problem(TSP) multi- objective under the fuzzy environment , For the purpose of determining the best method to solve the used to solve problem of the research has been selected to solve the two methods to compare their results with the path being followed by the actual transporters currently, as well as comparative optimal solutions for normal data(non-pure),With the adoption of the proposed method in determining the values of function pointers fuzzy used in solution the model and these indicators are an indicator of the level of acceptance in allowing or what is termed tolerances level of acceptance as well as aspiration levels and level of rejection tolerances

A dust storm in Iraq is a climatic phenomenon common in arid and semi-arid regions . The frequency of the occurrence has increased drastically in the last decade and it is increasing continuously .Baghdad city like the rest of Iraq is suffering from the significant increase in dust storms . In this research , the study of the phenomenon of dust storms for all types (Suspended dust , rising dust , dust storm) , and its relationship with some climate variables (Temperature , rainfall ,wind speed) .The statement of the impact of climate change on this phenomenon to Baghdad station for the period (1981 – 2012) . Time series has been addressing the phenomenon of storms and climate variables for the time period under study, during which Iraq faced three wars affected the growing phenomenon occurring factors , missing values were estimated and identification of multiple outliers within the existing time series of phenomena and climate variables , the study found that climate change (the direction of rainfall downward, the direction of the temperature to rise, the direction of wind speed to rise) paid to the growing phenomenon of dust storms in that station studied and showed the relationship of these variables to this phenomenon (by type) through regression models

The way used to estimate the fuzzy reliability differs according to the nature of the information of failure time which has been dealt in this research.The information of failure times has no probable distribution to explain it , in addition it has fuzzy quality.The research includes fuzzy reliability estimation of three periods ,the first one from 1986 to 2013,the second one from 2013 to 2033 while the third one from 2033 to 2066 .Four failure time have been chosen to identify the membership function of fuzzy trapezoid represented in the pervious years after taking in consideration the estimation of most researchers, proffional geologists and the technician who is incharge of maintaining of Mosul Dam project. By using matlab programme , acpecial programme of research was designed to estimate the fuzzy reliability of last three periods ,according to the results it was found that fuzzy reliability of Al.mosul dam in the recent time reaches to 0.5 approxmatly while the fuzzy reliability of Al.mosul dam after 20 years will reach to 0.1,ie, the danger of actual collapse of the dam will be in 2033 ,So that it is important to build a new dam making sure from chosing a suitable location with respect to soil quilty , geological and clamatic which suround the location , This is to avoid the same mistake which makes us lose 33 years from the hypothetical life time of Mosul dam according to the estimation of the company which build the dam.

The intensification of competition among all companies and at different levels has become necessary for every company need to continue to improve its performance in order to be able to face the competition and stay in the market. To achieve this, we must rely on the company's accounting information more accurate and appropriate and provided in a timely manner, for the purpose of use in planning and decision making.
So there must be information systems that help the administration to continuous development and improvement of the performance of companies in general, and this is what you need Jordanian companies, especially after the accession of Jordan to the field of economy. The management system was selected on the basis of the activities and the system of budgets prepared on the basis of the activities as tools for continuous improvement and development of the performance of industrial companies listed Jordanian public shareholding in the Amman Financial Market (Amman Stock Exchange of Finance).
Perhaps the most important findings of the study is that the industrial companies Jordanian public shareholding has the basic components needed to implement each of the budgets and management systems on the basis of activities, as have the systems to help implement a systematic management of budgets and buildings on the basis of the activities. But they do not have a cadre who has a sufficiently familiar with budgets and management systems on the activity based built, and most of the departments of industrial companies Jordanian public shareholding was convinced of the benefits of the management system based on the most active

The current environment is witnessing several developments as a result of the changes taking place in all areas of economic, social , political and legal that led to the transformation of the industrial economy , which depends based on quantitative production to a knowledge economy which relies based on information and knowledge , as the central pillar of this economy during the trading of these information and knowledge between all individuals in general and decision makers , in particular, through information and communication technology of computers and the Internet to achieve sustainable human development in the social dimension.
It is known that the decisions of foreign investment depends based on the information the International Accounting (minimum) of the information contained in the consolidated financial statements and information that takes into account the changes in the general price level ( inflation accounting ) and information on income tax in the state , which meant investing in , this means that the information accounting that are offered through the accounting systems of local applicable in each country according to the standards , rules and regulations for each state is unable to provide such information , and thus become useless to the decisions of foreign investment , hence emerged the problem of basic research through the following question : is the information local accounting in each country are useful in making decisions of foreign investment to achieve sustainable economic and social development.
Hence the need for an international accounting be able to provide accounting information to meet the needs of decision makers who are in all over the world to make rational decisions , that will contribute to achieving sustainable development in the economic and social dimension