Al-Noor Journal for Humanitarian Studies

L'apport des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) dans l'amélioration du processus d'enseignement/apprentissage à l'université algérienne est un sujet d’actualité et d'intérêt croissant. L'objectif de cette recherche est de montrer comment les TIC peuvent être utilisées de manière efficace pour améliorer l'enseignement et l'apprentissage dans les universités algériennes.
La conception de cette recherche repose sur une méthodologie mixte, combinant, des observations sur le terrain et une analyse documentaire. L'approche adoptée consiste à identifier les différents outils et ressources TIC utilisés dans les universités algériennes, ainsi que les pratiques pédagogiques qui les accompagnent.
Cette recherche met en évidence plusieurs bénéfices des TIC dans le processus d'enseignement/apprentissage à l'université algérienne.

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Ces nouvelles technologies et pratiques pédagogiques permettent une plus grande flexibilité et accessibilité de l'enseignement, en offrant la possibilité d'accéder aux cours et aux ressources à tout moment et en tout lieu. Elles favorisent l'interactivité et l'engagement des étudiants, en leur offrant des opportunités d'apprentissage actif et collaboratif.
A travers cette recherche, nous voulions montrer l'importance de l'intégration des TIC dans les pratiques enseignantes à l'université algérienne. Nous soulignons également la nécessité de former les enseignants à l'utilisation des TIC et de développer des politiques institutionnelles favorables à leur intégration

This study investigates the role of schema theory in translation and aims to gain knowledge that may progress AI-related domains through the simulation of cognition and AI. Schema theory hypothesizes that translators use mental frameworks (schemata) to organize and interpret information. In the context of translation, schemata play a crucial role in knowledge representation, affecting limitations made during the translation process. A cognitive approach is employed and qualitative methods are used in the analysis. A corpus is collected from the translation of a SL Arabic novel (Frankenstein in Baghdad by A. Saadawi) into TL English, covering domains and language pairs. The translation process is analyzed to identify cognitive patterns employed by the translator as they apply schemata to achieve cross-cultural renditions. Conclusions reveal that schema activation significantly impacts translation choices, influencing how the translator interprets and conveys meaning across languages.
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Cognitive patterns shed light on how cultural and linguistic factors influence the transfer of information between SL and TL. Additionally, the study uncovers variations in schema utilization across different translation tasks and the adaptability and flexibility of cognitive processes in response to varying contexts and linguistic challenges. By deepening our understanding of schema theory, this research contributes to the design, training, and assessment of AI algorithms. It also provides valuable insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying successful cross-linguistic communication and offers practical implications for translators engaged in intercultural exchange. Finally, this paper recommends that AI systems can drive advancements in MT and other AI-related fields of prior knowledge to produce accuracy and more closely with native speakers by using schema theory concepts

By skillfully integrating a wide range of scholarly and intercultural references into his novels, the Egyptian novelist Najīb Maḥfūẓ has differentiated himself as an author of exceptional prowess. To convey his intended meanings, he has made extensive use of historical allusions, including (past figures and events). In the present study, we attempt to assess the translation of these types of intertextuality utilized in Maḥfūẓ's Cairo trilogy via adopting the criteria of "accuracy, clarity and naturalness" proposed by Larson in 1984. This study follows a qualitative descriptive approach to analysis. We aim to discover the tactics utilized in translating historical intertextuality into English and to identify the challenges faced by the subject translators and the reasons behind them. The current study hypothesizes that irrespective of what method the translators use to translate historical intertextuality, the translator's historical and cultural background would seriously influence the output of the translation process.
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The study concludes that intertextuality is a crucial device for all language users since no speech ever starts in a vacuum, and it is via intertextuality that our old legacy is continually refreshed and viewed from different points of view. It further concludes that intertextual expressions that are more culturally specific are the most challenging and he translator's familiarity with the previous texts of SL plays a significant role in the process of deciphering the meaning of intertextual texts.

The present research paper investigates the Arabic deceptive language used by advertisers within a pragmatic framework. It sheds light on the issue concerning the tricks employed by advertisers that distort their advertisements in an attempt to affect their consumers' perceptions. Thus, it aims to identify the pragmatic traps in Arabic false advertisements. It is hypothesized that advertisers use false claims in their advertisements. It is also hypothesized that different pragmatic traps can be identified in false advertisements at the level of pragmatic aspects and theories. To achieve the aim of the study and verify its hypotheses, two independent models have been adopted for data analysis. The first one is concerned with identifying false advertisements.
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This model has been applied to 400 advertisement claims related to different types of products collected through an observation method from different sources. The second model is an eclectic one; it is concerned with identifying the pragmatic traps in false advertisements under the framework of Searle’s speech act theory (1979), Grice's cooperative principle theory (1975), Leech's politeness theory (1983), presupposition (1996), and deixis. After analyzing the data qualitatively. Finally, it is concluded that Arabic advertisements contain a specific type of deceptive advertisements which is false advertisements, and these false advertisements are presented differently through different strategies by advertisers. It is also concluded that different pragmatic traps can be identified in false advertisements at the level of pragmatic aspects and theories.

The current study embarks on investigating Iraqi EFL learners' pragmatic tolerance of quantity maxim violations. Additionally, it seeks to shed light on Iraqi EFL learners' pragmatic abilities in deriving pragmatic inferences from utterances that contain violations of quantity maxim. The experimental work in the current study utilized two types of sentence judgment tasks. Binary sentence judgment task for investigating learners' pragmatic tolerance, and ternary judgment task for investigating learners' pragmatic competence. The study included two groups of participants. The first group included 50 participants from 2nd-year students, and the second included 50 from 4th-year students at the Department of English for the academic year 2023-2024;
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both groups judged underinformative scalar implicature utterances. The results with binary task data indicate that Iraqi EFL learners exhibit tolerance toward quantity maxim violations. However, the ternary judgment task results indicate that Iraqi learners are not competent enough to derive a pragmatic inference. Hence, the current study attempts to provide a comprehensive understanding of EFL learners' pragmatic abilities to derive implied meanings.

The ultimate goal of learning a language is to use it when interacting with others regardless of the mode of communication. This use of the language, however, is socially and psychologically affected. In this regard, social intelligence plays a crucial role in creating effective interactions. The problem is that the correlation between social intelligence and speaking skill has received little attention in the field of linguistics concerning the Iraqi context. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the correlation between these variables to better understand how they correlate to each other. It asks to what extent there is a correlation between them and whether some personal variables affect this correlation. To this end, the alternative hypothesis is adopted which claims that there is a statistically significant positive correlation among the variables. For this purpose, the correlation design that draws on the quantitative approach is adopted. Moreover, a sample of 77 EFL third-year students from the University of Mosul for the academic year 2023-2024 was randomly selected.
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They were males and females coming from ethnic backgrounds, namely, Arabs, Kurds, and Turkmen. To collect data, two research instruments were used they were: an adopted and adapted social intelligence scale and a speaking test designed by the researcher. The data were statistically treated by a statistician using SPSS. The results of the study show that there is a positive moderate correlation between social intelligence and speaking skill. It is also concluded that personal variables such as gender and ethnicity have no significant influence on the correlation between the variables. Finally, some recommendations were presented based on the conclusions inferred

This research paper explores the origin and distinct characteristics of the North Mesopotamian Arabic dialect, specifically the Moslawi dialect spoken in Mosul, northern Iraq. The study begins with tracing the roots of the Arabic language within the Semitic language family tree and examines the emergence of Modern Arabic Dialects. It highlights Ferguson's theory that these dialects originated from a simplified Koine as the most plausible explanation. The paper then delves into the Mesopotamian dialect group, detailing the division into qeltu and gelet varieties through bedouinization. The phonological and lexical uniqueness of Moslawi is analyzed, emphasizing the persistent use of the phoneme /q/ by Moslawi speakers and the systematic vowel-raising rule that differentiates it from other dialects. Extensive language contact, with Persian, Turkish, Hindi, Kurdish, and English, is also discussed, which explains the numerous borrowed words in Moslawi.
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This research underscores the complex historical and sociolinguistic factors contributing to the distinctiveness of the Moslawi dialect within the broader context of Arabic dialects

The present research paper discusses the applicability of Zwart’s “Comparative–Descriptive Model of Translation Shifts” (1984) to translating Sci-Tech news from English into Arabic. This comprehensive model primarily investigates the translation shifts occurring in literary discourse. To the best of the researcher’s knowledge, very few attempts have been made to apply this shift analysis-based model to the translation of other types of discourse.
The paper applies this model to translating scientific discourse, particularly technology news, on several reliable news websites, such as BBC and CNBC. English news on the English websites (ST) and the Arabic translation (TT) on these websites are used as data for the comparative and descriptive analysis.
Zwart’s comparative model describes the translation shifts on the microstructural level by comparing the architranseme and the SL and TL transoms.
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The descriptive model provides insights into the shifts on the macrostructural level.
The paper concludes that shifts occurring in the translation of Sci-Tech news can be best described, analysed, and categorised within Zwart’s comparative model. It also concludes that shifts on the microstructural level do not necessarily lead to a noticeable macrostructural change in the primary language metafunctions (interpersonal, ideational, and textual) as in the translation of literary works. Syntactic shifts may, however, result in a macrostructural change of the textual metafunction, which alters the propositional content in some instances.

Conversation is an essential part of our daily life. We can communicate our ideas, wills, feelings, emotions, and many other aspects of our lives through conversation. Conversation, in this sense, is a systematic and highly organized activity. People, in conversation, are often clear and operative in their talk. However, sometimes they are not so. This paper addresses the problem of non-observing Grice’s maxims in conversation, particularly the problem of flouting them. It aims to determine whether the four maxims are fully observed or maybe flouted in the televised conversations. The study tries to answer the question of what maxims are flouted in such conversation and whether this phenomenon is cross-cultural or not. The study adopts Grice’s (1975) Model, which explains the cooperative principle and its maxims. A qualitative approach has been followed in this study. The data of the study are extracts of a televised conversation between Bashar Assad, Syria's president, and the German journalist Todenhöfer,
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as well as between Scott and Biden, collected from the website. Finally, the study concludes that all the Grice’s maxims are flouted in the televised conversational interactions. However, this flouting of a given maxim depends on the nature of the journalist’s questions and the purpose of the talk. The results also show that flouting the maxims is a cross-cultural phenomenon. Accordingly, the question of the study has been answered. This would theoretically and practically add to the growing body of literature studying cross-cultural pragmatics

The present paper argues that Bseiso’s “Footsteps” is a counter-hegemonic ideological poem. Bseiso employs powerful rhetorical patterns in order to subvert the hegemonic and ideological concepts practiced and promulgated by the Zionist occupation. It also proves that “Footsteps” challenges Zionist colonial and imperial narratives and instills the Palestinian resistance poetry into the core of the national struggle against the Zionist tyranny and injustice.
It also proves Bseiso is an organic intellectual in Gramscian terms.

The article deals with the issue of formation and development of scientific analytical and communicative skills among humanities students at Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after P. Lumumba ("RUDN University"). The study touches upon the issues of shaping competences in professional sphere taking into account multipolarity and international status of the university and its educational programmes. The study is based on the multidisciplinary approach to teaching humanities students from different countries taking into account the level of development of all kinds of speech activity,national-cultural specificities of the students and interdisciplinary approach.
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The article discusses an innovative interdisciplinary approach and the need to integrate technical skills into humanitarian education

The Artificial Intelligence (AI) revolution has become a reality in today’s world and its importance for linguistics was recognized very early. Despite its unprecedent surge and integration into various academic fields including language teaching and translation, surprisingly, little work has been done by scholars in advancing discussions on the profound impact of the AI on the diversity of widely available languages in both developed and developing world.
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Africa is linguistically diverse continent with about one third of the world’s languages that are vastly underrepresented in the global digital data pool. AI translation machine is supported in only 25 languages out of over 2000 languages in the continent. The paper deploys homomorphism model of AI theory to interrogate the natural language data drawn the African languages to present the current and future challenges, opportunities and potential for developing AI algorithms that could fit neatly into the translation of the African languages. Most of the discussions in the paper focuses on the seven patterns of the AI, the usage and implementation of AI algorithms in the translation science. The research findings show some of the complexities of the African languages in which their syntactic categories have multiple corresponding semantic objects. Unlike English, the findings also reveal that syntactic operation in the African languages do not always have one corresponding semantic operation as postulated by the homomorphism model of AI theory. the study contributes to scholarly literature by stressing the limits and opportunities that relate to using AI in translation science and supplying input from NLP algorithms practitioners to expand the AI applicability operation in the translation science.