kufa Journal for Nursing sciences

Background: Preeclampsia is a syndrome and considered one of the most significant causes that can lead to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. It is characterized by new onset of hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. Thrombopoietin is a major regulator of megakaryocyte maturation and platelet production. Thrombopoietin initiates its biologic effects by binding to the myeloproliferative leukemia protein receptor, which is a member of the hematopoietin receptor family.
Aims of the study: The present study is intended to compare the maternal serum levels of thrombopoietin between preeclamptic pregnant women and pregnant women without preeclampsia (normal pregnancy).
Methodology: This research study is conducted by utilizing a case control (comparative) study. This study is carried out in Al-Zahra' a Teaching Hospital of Obstetrics / Gynecology and Pediatric at Al-Najaf, Iraq. The period of this study started from 1st of February to 1st of December 2018. Where serum thrombopoietin was estimated in 88 pregnant women, divided into 2 groups; Group1 (study group): consist of 40 patients with preeclampsia. Group 2(control group): consist of 48 term women non preeclamptic in labor.
Results: Serum thrombopoietin level is higher in preeclamptic than normal pregnant women. The thrombopoietin level of the preeclamptic group was (M = 309.63, SD = 86.32 ±) and in the control group was (M= 215.69, SD= 63.52±); so p value ˂0.001 which is statistically significant.
Conclusion: Serum thrombopoietin was significantly elevated in preeclamptic pregnant women and platelet counts were significantly lower in preeclamptic group.
Recommendations: More researches are needed for different and large samples to document the role of serum
thrombopoietin as biomarker predicting severity of preeclampsia.

Background: Patient satisfaction is one of the major outcomes used in many countries to assess the quality of healthcare.
Aim of the study: To assess the patient satisfaction towards health services in Al-Qaim city and its suburbs.
Methodology: The researchers formulated a questionnaire, write them down in Google form Application and then questionnaires were reviewed by two experts. After that the link was sent disseminated to people residing at Al-qaim city. Two weeks later the researchers stopped looking for responses and spreadsheet was sent for statistical analysis.
Results: The overall findings of this study revealed that 75% of respondents were unsatisfied with healthcare services.
Conclusion: looking for patients’ satisfaction is of paramount importance in the process of improving the quality of health services. Plans have to be put to improve quality care through improving patient satisfaction.
Recommendations: Health policymakers should adopt a multidisciplinary approach in order to increase the clients’ satisfaction rate. Key Words: Patients' satisfaction, Health care services, Physicians, Nurses, Pharmacists.

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are defined as infections that occurs within 30 days of the operation or within one year if an implant is left in place after the procedure, Nurses play central role in the prevention of postoperative wound infection by Proper preparation of the patient before surgery and the application of aseptic technique to prevent contamination via bacteria from all sources during dressing, operation and throughout the healing process. For this reason, the researcher has conducted this study in order to evaluate Nurse's Knowledge Concerning Prevention of Surgical Site Infection.
Aims of the study: The main aim of the study is to asses nurses Needs Concerning Prevention of Surgical Site Infection and to provide quality of care, it is very important for nurses to have good knowledge towards prevention of SSI.
Methodology: the study was carried out from January 3th to 10st, 2019on nurses working in surgical word at
Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Al-kindy Teaching Hospital and Al-imam Ali Teaching Hospital to assess the
Nurses' Knowledge concerning Prevention of Surgical Site Infection in Bagdad Teaching Hospitals.
Results: Descriptive statistics and the Pearson correlation test were used to analyze data using SPSS. The study
results indicated that the mean of nurses' knowledge of the participants was (low).
Conclusion: The Findings of current study demonstrated. The gender of nurses working at surgical ward was
equal between males and female, their age between (20-29) years and most of them were graduate of nursing
secondary school, most of them were married, their experience in the surgical ward between (1-5) years and
most of them did not participate in training courses and poor knowledge regarding prevention of surgical site
infection.
Recommendations: The study recommends that Implementation of the educational program about prevention of surgical site infection for all nurses working in surgical ward.

Background: infectious disease can transmitted indirectly to the health care worker especially nursing staff through multiple or misuse of needles and sharp instruments.
Aims of the study: the study aimed to assess the prevalence of sharps injuries and its protective measures for nursing staff at Kirkuk city hospitals.
Methodology: A descriptive design was carried out at Kirkuk city hospitals for nursing staff from 1st of February, 2020, up to the 1st of September, 2020. A non-probability (convenience sampling) of (166) nurses both male and female from selected working site in the hospital were selected. The questionnaire was designed by the researcher to achieve the purpose of the study. The questionnaire was consisted of four parts: part Ⅰ: the demographic data of the participants, part Ⅱ: the Equipment associated sharps injuries. Part Ⅲ: Factors associated with sharp injuries. And part Ⅳ: Availability of protective measures for sharp injuries. The data were collected through the use of self-administration technique. They were analyzed through the application of descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical data analysis.
Results: The results indicated that the most equipment that cause sharp injuries were syringe needles (52%), and glasses such as ampoules (25%).
Conclusions: The study concluded that the most factors causing sharp injuries were frequent injectable drugs
(89%), the crowded patients (82%), and the inadequate training sessions for nursing staff.
Recommendations: Providing the necessary and safety tools to prevent injuries such as syringes with self-cover and a special base for needle cover.

Background: Prostate cancer is increasingly becoming one of the most significant health problems facing Iraqi men and the commonest cause of cancer related death in men globally.
Aims of the study: The objective of this study to determination of employees' attitudes toward contributing factors and early detection methods for prostate cancer among male staffs of Baghdad's University Colleges in bab-Almudam.
Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive design study was carried out among 100 male staff working in colleges of Baghdad University in Bab-Almudam region. Male staffs that agreed to participant and were recruited on giving oral consent, Data was collected by distributing structured a self-administered questionnaire, written in Arabic was used.
Results: The Majority of participants (66.0%) were ages between (38 - 47) years, the median age was 41 years (range, 18- 62) years (mean=41.8+ S.D =10.035). Regarding marital status, the majority (85 %) was married, followed by (13%) who were single and (2%) who were divorced or widowed. Approximately half (45%) of participants had PhD education, following by (33 %) university, (8%) secondary school, (7%) MSc and (4%) institute education and (3%) intermediate education. Furthermore, (94%) of study participants reported they had no family history of prostate only (6%) reported had family history PCa. A total of (98%) were living in urban area and reminder lived in rural area. Most of the study participants 48 (56%) had positive level, while (20%) of them had strong positive and only (24%) of total participants had negative attitude about early detection and intention screening of PCa.

Background: Disintegration family it is the family under separation, divorce, the death of one or both parents. It is the legal termination or dissolution of the marriage bond that has been concluded between the husband, the wife and by a judgment issued by a court of competent jurisdiction or according to a law issued by the legislative authority.
Aims of the study: determination of disintegration family among secondary school adolescents, assess secondary school's adolescents' number of failure years, determine the impact of disintegration family on adolescents' number of failure years, and to find-out the relationship between adolescent's number of failure years under disintegration family and their socio-demographic characteristics of gender, age, family type, parent's education levels, and socio-economic status.
Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive purposive study is conducted through the period of November 11th 2018 to May 9th 2019 in-order to assessment of teenagers academic performance failure under disintegration family at secondary schools in AL- Najaf AL-Ashraf City/Iraq, the study was purposive (non-probability) sample of (Five hundred and fifty five ) students, whose age are between 12 -18 Years old have been selected at secondary schools in AL- Najaf AL-Ashraf City/ Iraq; the sampling of study is divided into two stages which include: First stage: the school's selection by cluster, the AL- Najaf AL-Ashraf city divided to six districts, the schools selected randomly (36) school's girls and boys, from (130) of total schools, while the second stage: The students under disintegration family selection by using the purposive sampling, and control group from each school were randomly selected.
Results: Indicate that there is significant relationship between the adolescents' gender under disintegration
family and their number of failure years. While there is a non-significant relationship between the adolescents
gender under disintegration family and their number of failure years. The results show that is a highly significant relationship between adolescent's educational level under disintegration family and their number of failure years, while there is not significant relationship between the adolescent's educational level under disintegration family and their number of failure years.
Conclusion: That most of the secondary school's adolescents under disintegration family have problems of
number failure years.
Recommendations: To the governments and schools should create awareness on the ills of disintegration homes on the academic, emotional and social adjustments of students through training, workshops and seminars.
Parents should be enlightened on the need to stay together as husband and wife to raise a good family

Background: Thyroid disease has basically become one of the most important health problems facing women more than men in Iraq, and the most common cause is other chronic diseases, for example heart disease.
Aim of the study: Determination of nurses' attitudes concerning early detection for hypothyroidism \ hyperthyroidism in Baghdad teaching hospitals and determining the relationship between nurses' attitudes and their demographic variables (age, gender, educational level, and marital statues).
Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted in the period of 20 \ December \ 2019 up to the end of 28 \ May \ 2020. The sample consisted of (50) nurses at Baghdad teaching hospital, (AL) Kindy, AL.yarmouk teaching hospital and (Imamein) kadhimein medical city. A questionnaire- interview format was constructing by the researcher for the purposes of the study; such development was employed through the available literature, clinical background and interview with nurses .The data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0.
Results: The majority of the study were female who accounted for (72%) of the total participants while male constituted (28%). Most of the study participants (34%) were ages 26-30 years old. (44%) of the nurses were diploma graduate. Fifty percent of the nurses were married. More than half (58%) of nurses had experience years in nursing and (80%) of nurses had training course in hospitals, (66%) have number of training were 1-5 course and (80%) had location of courses in Iraq.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the nurses’ attitudes regarding early detection of thyroid diseases are
positive.
Recommendations: The study recommends to opening endocrine center in Bagdad city to early detection of
thyroid disease.

Background: the standard first-line treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer is transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), followed by instillation of intravesical chemotherapy. The goal of TURBT is to make a correct diagnosis and to remove all visible lesions. Several organizations have published reports on the importance of nursing staff understanding disease process and treatments leading to an improvement in quality of care. Improving the practice process is important to nursing as it improves nursing process, which improves patient outcomes.
Aims of the study: To assessing nurses' practices regarding management of patients with transurethral resection of the bladder tumor. And determine the effectiveness of the educational program on nurses' practices concerning management of patients with transurethral resection of the bladder tumor.
Methodology: A semi-empirical study was applied that adopted the pre and posttest. The research was conducted in Al-Hilla Teaching Hospital and Al-Imam Al-Sadiq Teaching Hospital in Al-Hilla, and this study continued for the period from 29 \ July \ 2018 to 25 \ December \ 2019. A deliberate sample of 56 nurses from the surgical units of the two aforementioned hospitals was selected. After applying the educational program to the male and female nurses participating in the study for a period of (1 month), a questionnaire consisting of several questions was distributed to assess the extent of the impact of this educational program on the practices of male and female nurses who care for patients who are newly subjected to urethritis. The questionnaire and the educational program were presented to experts in the field to find the truth of the questionnaire. The data were analyzed through a descriptive and deductive statistical analysis.
Results: The results indicated that the educational program was effective in raising the practices of the nurses
participating in the study, which contributed to improving their practices during the care of patients undergoing
recent TURBT, and therefore the results confirmed that the educational program was successful and could be
used in the workplace.
Conclusion: There were improving in nurses' practices after post-test for study group for educational program
concerning management of patients with transurethral resection of the bladder tumor, while control group did not present any improvement in their practices concerning management of patients with transurethral resection of the bladder tumor at pre and posttest.

Background: Chickenpox infection is a common and highly contagious viral disease caused by the varicella zoster virus. It is highly endemic disease with increasing annual incidence in absence of varicella immunization program in Iraq. The predominance of uncomplicated cases in children tends to overshadow the morbidity associated with social and economic burden of families in addition to risk of complication in younger age groups. Chickenpox now has been considered one of the most common vaccine-preventable diseases in many countries including Iraq.
Amis of the study: Describing the epidemiology of registered clinical cases of chickenpox in Najaf governorate of January 2009 to May 2014. More over verifying the increasing number of incident cases of chickenpox for future need of varicella vaccine in Iraq.
Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted of January 2009 to May 2014, and the data was collected of the public health department of the existing anonymous surveillance of chickenpox. Those monthly records were sent of corresponding surveillance units of six districts in Najaf governorate including north of Najaf, south of Najaf, Al-Kufa, Al-manathera, Al-abbassiya and Al-mishkhab districts. The variables included age groups, gender, and district distributions in this study were based on a classification used in the surveillance system in Iraq.
Results: The frequency of chickenpox cases in Najaf Governorate revealed an obvious rise of (1076) in 2009 and (2563) in 2010 to (4692) in 2o13. The incidence rate of occurrence of clinical chickenpox cases also shows an obvious rise in 2011 was 408/100000 population. Most often cases occurred in age group 5-14 years (75 %) and only (3.05 %) in those over 45 years. According to gender distribution, there was sustained non-significant preponderance for the male over female. All registered cases had shown the same seasonal distribution with two peaks of infection per year; spring (March, April and May) and early winter (November, December and January) seasons. Median Endemic Index of chickenpox cases in Najaf in May of 2009-2013 was 633 and the number of cases during January through May 2014 was 558.
Conclusion: chickenpox is still increasing in incident cases in Najaf governorate which necessitate thinking of varicella vaccine recommendation.