Journal of Basrah Researches (Sciences)

This study deals with the examine the quality of air in Basrah in an attempt to devise methods
to improve it. Consequently , a study was undertaken to identify the level of air pollution with lead and
dust particles and to measure the quality of air along Barah highways. Moreover, the study was
conducted to evaluate the pollution resulting from industrial activities and transportations exhausts.
It clarified that the latter represent 85% of the relented air pollution in the city. The study
revealed that the concentration of some pollution exceeded the acceptable level. Therefore, this study
attempts to evaluate the alternatives that decrease transportations wastes and these alternatives related
to the procedures of the administration of transportation and technological alternatives. Mathematical
models are used to estimate the expected increase of pollutants when technological devices are applied
and to compare this increase with that expected when these devises are not applied. This research
recommends , designing a through program that includes technological devices and traffic precedents
as well as initiating a program to monitor air quality.

Sand deposits bearing feldspar at Dibdiba formation were studied in eight exposed sections within Safwan and Zubair area in Basrah region, southern Iraq.distribution of feldspar minerals were evaluated in different sand size fractions (0.125-0.25mm), (0.25-0.5mm), (0.5-1mm), (1-2mm) in order to upgrade their contents of feldspar and the possibility to be used as raw material for glass and ceramic industry in Iraq. Coarse and very coarse size fractions (0.5-2mm) make up (56%) and (38%) in Safwan and Zubair area respectively.Mineralogical and petrogrphical analysis revealed the predominant of quartz in fine and medium sizes of both mono and polycrystalline (74.7%, 86.2%) in Safwan and Zubair area respectively, while feldspar particularly potash feldspar (Orthoclase, Microcline and Perthetic microcline) are maily concentrated in coarse to very coarse sizes especially in Safwan area (15.1%) in comparison with their average content in Zubair area (6.8%).Chemically (Al2O3, Na2O, K2O) were concentrated in coarse to very coarse sand sizes (0.5-2mm) with average content of (Na2O + K2O) (4.19%) in Safwan area and (3.4%) in Zubair area.The concentration of (SiO2, Fe2O3, CaO and SO3) tend to decrease with the increase of sand sizes in both area and especially concentrated in fine and medium sizes. The average concentrations of (Fe2O3) of both Safwan and Zubair reflect the possibility of upgrading of feldspar from sand deposits by using floatation method without magnetic processes.Feldspar upgrading by dry mechanical processes showed that the range of feldspar (26.7-32.5%) in Safwan and (25.2-29.3%) in Zubair sand deposits, which encourage to consider that the coarse and very coarse sand sizes are raw materials for feldspar in Basrah, southern Iraq.

A damaged cars tires was modificated to direct solar dryer for food drying by solar energy. Its consist of old tire, insulator, wood base, glass two lyres and they separated by silicon, ventilation ports, stainless steel basin, hygroscopic and thermometer. A 5 Kg solar dryer capacity from fresh food ( banana, red apple, yellow apple and onion). The result showed the average available solar energy in Basrah city during march is 848.22 W/m2. Average temperature in the solar dryer in march is 62 oC and average food moisture was significantly degreased with increasing drying time, the decreasing of moisture content by solar dryer was higher than natural sun drying and food drying time by solar dryer was significantly lower than natural sun drying. Solar dryer productivity was between 600 – 650 kg/year, while drying efficiency by using solar dryer was between 84 – 89 % and its by natural sun drying was between 39 – 43 %