Al-Kitab Journal for Human Sciences

The principle of separation of powers is of great importance, as it is considered the
cornerstone of democratic systems because it contributes to protecting freedoms and limiting
authoritarian tyranny, as well as achieving legitimacy and establishing the legal state and
highlighting the benefits of dividing state functions, dividing work and increasing effectiveness.
However, its application differs according to the nature and form of representative democracy. It
may take the form of a presidential representative system, or it may take the form of a
parliamentary system (a system of representative assembly government), and each of these three
forms represents representative democracy. However, despite the importance of this principle,
the Iraqi constitutions have not explicitly stipulated it except in the Law of State Administration
for the Transitional Period and the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq of 2005.

Pricing strategy is a theory that subjects to a detailed, multiple and different
legal system, whether it is related to a commodity, a product or a service, and it is aim
to determine the return of the beneficiaries without neglecting the protection of the
weaker party in the legal relationship, where pricing is considered an essential
element, taking into account the protection of the competition market through a
pricing policy that is either formal forced nature within the scope of public order, or
informal, focused on market fluctuations in the private sector, and the protection
prescribed for prices is either civil or criminal, according to the legislator, such as
penalties for violations that affect prices after determining them in order to ensure
balance in the competition market and taking into account the non-realization of
monopoly .

Electronic human resource management is an essential element for many organizations, so
interest in it is the main engine for the growth and development of organizations to keep pace
with technological changes, so this research focused on explaining the role of electronic human
resources management in reducing black management practices, and the answer to it was aimed
at elucidating the intellectual connotations The theoretical and practical philosophy of these
variables (electronic human resource management, black management practices), and this
research falls into two main parts: the first section included the research methodology, and
theoretical approaches to the research variables and its dimensions, while the second section
presented the practical framework for the research hypotheses, as well as its conclusions and
recommendations. The research sample was represented by a group of workers in Zain Iraq, by
examining the influence and correlation relations between the research variables (electronic
human resources management, black management practices), and the descriptive analytical
approach was adopted, as well as selecting a sample of (108) workers Individual, by adopting the
questionnaire form as a measurement tool, and the data was processed through the statistical
program (SPSS) to prove the validity of the research hypotheses related to the correlation and
influence between the two research variables (electronic human resources management, black
management practices) and the use of multiple regression coefficient and correlation coefficient
as statistical methods. The most prominent conclusions reached by the research in the theoretical
and field framework, the most important of which is the achievement of a positive moral
correlation between the collective electronic human resources management and the company's
black management practices, the research sample in terms of its variables according to the value
of the correlation factor at the aggregate level. Based on the findings of the research, the research
presented some recommendations, the most important of which is the necessity for the company
to pay attention to the research sample in the subject of electronic human resources management
by carrying out the implementation of administrative activities through the use of information
technology in reducing black management practices.

Sports professionalism contract is a time contract, it is a contract with a limited duration in
nature, and generally ends with its termination, unless the two parties agree to otherwise or one of
them violates the condition of the period, and therefore bears the responsibility for breaching it by
carrying out its commitment or compensation to the other party, or that it bears the agreed penal
condition In the contract, and the contract for sports professionalism is a relatively recent contract
and has its characteristics that distinguish it from other contracts, in addition to its compliance with
the general provisions of the contract in the civil law, and the Iraqi legislator has covered it in
regulation in the Sports Professionalism Law No. )60(of 2017, and the correct opinion goes into
jurisprudence The law indicates that he is p D work, and accordingly the rules governing the work
contract apply to him, as well as the provisions contained in the sports regulations, and arranges
corresponding obligations on both sides (the professional athlete and the contracting institution).
The professional athlete provides his services and expertise to the contracting club whose main
obligation is before the professional athlete to pay the agreed fee in The contract, and the personal
consideration of the professional athlete plays an important role in this contract

Whether displacement- within the borders of one country or outside it is a phenomenon
that has very negative and server effects on the people themselves and we find that this
phenomenon is due to several reasons including due to man-made disasters such as armed
conflicts-wars –and situations of tension and disturbances The interior that violates human
rights whether in terms of the rules of international humanitarian law public international law
or international human rights law or these disasters may be caused by things beyond the
control of man but by nature such as earthquakes floods volcanoes and other The reasons for
removing the civilian population from their environments and areas in search of safer places
than their areas of origin

The wages , grants and rewards have an impact on workers In order to push them to dis
tinguished production and progress Towards development and to benefit institutiensin a manner
that Sires the country and elevates its institutions . The worker who receives his full wages and his
wages and increased by a bonus or a bonus , he will work to improve his work and production
and will use the time to produce the best to sere his organization in which , he works to ensure a
better life for him and his family. As for holidays they have a positive effect on the psychological
and moral support of the worker to serve work and production.

This study aims to shed light on the obligations of the seller of agricultural
pesticides and their damages towards the other buyer (the farmer), far from
defending one side but not another one, therefore, the seller has many obligations
such as informing the buyer about the method of using pesticides, methods of
warning them and taking the necessary precautions, and If we look at it, it carries
with it many risks, and it is in contact with people's lives and has a dangerous
nature. This study was taken by posing the problem that it assumed the buyer
would follow everything recommended and the seller warned against, but the
result was laden with many damages due to the lack of product quality and the
crops were severely damaged, In addition to skin diseases and other things for
farms, after that, the seller was notified whether we would be in front of
compensation and the consequent penalty for his breach of these actions in front
of the buyer.