JOURNAL OF KUFA FOR CHEMICAL SCIENCES

Lectins, simply; are proteins or glycoproteins that are probably present in all eukaryotic cells, and many bacterial species, as well as in some viruses. Lectins was first discovered as a highly toxic protein that was isolated from castor tree seeds (Ricinus communis) and named ricin, this protein showed the ability to agglutinin erythrocytes. Several lectins are investigated for their use in cancer research and therapy. The present study was designed to detect lectin levels in serum and tissue of patients with urinary tract system and prostate diseases. Using the hemagglutination process, the lectin activity was measured in cases of patients with malignant and benign kidney, bladder, and prostate tumors, in addition to those with non tumoral kidney diseases. Results of the present study showed a significant increase (p < 0.001) of lectin levels in patients with malignant tumors when compared with those of benign tumors, non tumoral diseases, and healthy individuals. The highest serum and tissue lectin levels were found in patients with advanced malignant stages, regardless their genders.

The force of urea-starch origin adhesive was studied on the (wood-wood) surfaces in all experimental to know the convenient it in wood industries. We found the maximum shear stress (0.543N/mm2), Elongation (1.41%) and modulus (2 N/mm2) when curing temperature (25oC) for curing time (7 days).Also the adhesive was cured at temperature (160oC) for different curing time (10, 20, 30, 50 Min.). The result was found the maximum shear stress (0.896N/mm2), Elongation (1.7%) and modulus (1.3 N/mm2) at curing time (10Min.). The effective of adhesive by immerse in water and absolute ethanol also studied. The more effected in adhesive was by water and was increasing the swelling with increased the time. When immerse the adhesive materials in ethanol was very limited affected and the swelling was nearly stable in the period of time from (10Min.) to (50Min.).The weight loss with time was studied at the temperatures of 160 oC. The amount of weight reduction was increased with the time.

The extraction method shows optimum pH of extraction was (pHex= 9), and the reaction of complexation need 50µg Cd+2 ion (8.89×10-5M) in aqueous solution to give higher distribution ratio and more stable complex, shaking time necessary to reach equilibrium was (10minutes), as well as stoichiometry studies show the more probable structure of complex extracted was (1:1) (Metal:Ligand) [Cd+2(BTABP)(Cl-)], organic solvent effect was study demonstrate there is no linear relation between dielectric constant (ε) of organic solvent and distribution ratio (D), but there is an effect for organic solvent structure to participate in the formation of complex, effect of temperature on extraction method shows that reaction between ligand (BTABP) and Cd+2 ion was endothermic reaction and the enthalpy of extraction ΔHex = 0.0087 KJ.mol-1 Gibb, Free energy ΔGex = 52.4 KJ.mol-1 and entropy ΔSex= 157.4 KJ.mol-1, synergism effect shows participate one molecule of TBP in each molecule of complex formed and effect to enhanced distribution ratio (D) [Cd+2(BTABP)(Cl-)(TBP)].

Abstract
The objective of this work is synthesis of derivatives α-amino acids be reaction glycine,alanine and Tyrosine in the presence of theα- naphthil led to produce α- naphthyl glycine , α- naphthyl Tyrosine and α-naphthyl phenyl alanine these compound indicate by different identification method .

The Artificial and healt foundation throw out daily Large quantities of pollutes which should be pushed away to the treatment units of wastewater of the hospitals , but some hospitals don't have treatment units , therefore they drain their wastewater to the net of the main wastewater in order to reach the main station of the treatment units in the town . this station has not been designed to treat the wastewater of the hospitals , and this has cansed many problems which lead at the end to in crease the pollutes thrown out in the river . In this study , three hospitals have been chosen as signatories to examine the determinates of pollution .These hospitals are Al-Sadder learning hospitals , the Al-Hakim General hospitals and Al-Zahra general hospitals During the period between 1/1/2008-31/12/2008 , this study has attempted to examine BOD ,COD,TSS, and the concentrations of PO4-3 , NO3-1 , NO2-1 , NH3,SO4-2 Cl-1 and Oil &Gas It was found that , the determinates of pollution were higher than the level allowed by the Iraqi specifications of wastewater , and the break down of the treatment units in the hospital made them to drain their wastewater to the net of main wastewater or push away to their places by tank carriers .

Previous studies in this work showed that model dinuclear hydrolases of the general formula [M2(-H2O)(OAc)4(tmen)2]; where, M= Mn (Mn), Co, Ni reacted with hydroxamic acids to give a wide range of some hydroxamate bridged complexes whose structures mimic closely observed inhibited ureases. In veiw of the frequent occurrence of histidine as a ligating molecule in many metalloenzymes inlikely the hydrolases, it was decided to investigate the chemistry of a series of imidazole complexes analogous to the above models based on tmen as capping ligand.Model dinuclear hydrolases [M2(-H2O)(OAc)4(Im)4]; M= Ni (1), (2) and Co (3), prepared and fully characterized. Reaction of mono- and dihydroxamic acids with the model dinuclear hydrolases prepared above gave a wide range of some hydroxamate bridged complexes whose structures mimic closely observed inhibited ureases. For example, reaction of a monohydroxamic acid such as N-phenylacetohydroxamic acid [CH3C(=O)NC6H5OH], (N-PhAHA) with the dimeric complex [Ni2(H2O)(OAc)4(Im)4] gave the dark/green complex. [Ni2(OAc)(N-phAA)2(Im)4][OAc].2H2O and reaction of a dihydroxamic acid such as glutarodihydroxamic acid [(CH2)3{C(=O)NHOH}2.H2O], (GluH2A2) with the dimeric complex [Ni2(H2O)(OAc)4(Im)4] gave a Blue/green crystals of [Ni2(OAc){C(=O)N(O)(CH2)3C(=O)}(Im)4][OTF]2.In general, the above series based on the imidazole ligand was found to be suscceptable to easy dissociation in polar solvents such as methanol as approved by spectroscopic studies (IR, NMR, C.H.N. , elementary analysis and X-ray crystallography).

The commercially rice bran and its coal were used for the adsorption of eriochrome black-T dye from aqueous solutions. The effect of solution pH, initial dye concentration, temperature and adsorption time on dye removal were studied using UV–Visible spectroscopy technique at ג max = 541 nm. The equilibrium time was found to be 30 minutes on each surface.The best results were achieved at pH=3 and T= 293 K. The equilibrium adsorption isotherm have been analyzed by linear Freudlich and Langmuir models.The thermodynamic parameters, ∆G ,∆H , and ∆S were calculated. The negative value of ∆H indicates that the adsorption process is exothermic.The kinetic of the adsorption on each surface was analyzed using the pseudo – first order and pseudo second order kinetic models . The adsorption of the dye on rice bran is higher than that on its coal .Key words:- rice bran, coal , Adsorption isotherms. Thermodynamics and Kinetics of dsorption.