Journal of The Iraqi University

a summary
Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, praise be to God to whom is what is in the heavens and what is in the earth, and to Him belongs praise in the hereafter, and He is the Wise, the All-Aware, praise be to God, praise be to God, praise be to God. Praise be to God who sent down the book to his servant and did not make him crooked. Praise be to God who did not take a companion nor A son, and he had no partner in dominion, nor was he a guardian of humiliation, and made him exalted with greatness. Praise be to God, who has bestowed upon us With His Messenger and God Almighty, the straight path on which whoever walks will be saved from destruction and misguidance, and afteExclusion, marginalization and the abolition of the other is a policy that is unfair to human rights and humanity, from which all societies suffer equally, without exception.It is a disease that destroys societies because it causes indecent assault, looting of goods, destruction, injustice and enslavement of peoples, which does not satisfy God Almighty, His Noble Messenger, nor his pure God (may God’s prayers be upon them all), and does not satisfy any individual who has not been stripped of his humanity and carries in his heart love and friendliness. He treats him as his brother in humanity, regardless of his affiliation, sect, race or gender.The research highlighted how this unfair policy arose, the groups that suffered and suffer from it, as well as the most important reasons and factors that helped in its growth.The research showed the exposure of the prophets and messengers (peace be upon them) to this policy through an extrapolation of their lives and the situations they were exposed to, so that the research finds at the end of the treatments and proposals necessary to end this policy.and thank Allah the god of everything

Abstract
The title of this study is Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali and his Approach in his Book “the Explanation of Surah al-Fatiha”. The present study focuses on Ibn Rajab’s approach, who is one of the 18th-century Muslim scholars, whose book is titled as “the Explanation of Surah al-Fatiha”. This book contains 140 pages, in which the author has focused on the first verse of the glorious Quran “Surah al-Fatiha”, he has written about where al-Fatiha was revealed, its verses number, the names of the surah, benefits and virtues attributed to Sura Al-Fatiha, and then he tries to explain the meanings of Surah al-Fatiha This stud aims at investigating the writers’ approach in interpretation by transmitted word, his approach in the intellectual interpretation, the division of his book, presentation of the scientific topics, his personality anddiscussions.In this study, the researcher has depended on different references such as intellectual interpretation books, interpretation by transmitted word books as well as the linguistic books that including dictionaries, syntax, morphology and rhetorical books, also the researcher has depended on the books of al-Ḥadith (that is the Arabic word for things like narrative, account, report and speech), belief, science of discourse, principles of Islamic jurisprudence etcThe researcher has divided this study into an introduction and two chapters; chapter one made up of two sections; section one represents the author’s biography briefly and section two shows the references that he has used. Chapter two containing a preface and three sections; the preface displays the description of the book and the author’s approach. Section one shows the author’s approach in interpretation by transmitted word with applied models for each point. Section two deals with the author’s approach concerning intellectual interpretation with applied models for each point. Section three represents the author’s style that he used in showing the scientific topic, his personality and his discussions with applied models for each point. Finally, this study ends with some conclusions.

Abstrac
This research seeks to determine the moral and indicative presence of the noble Quran verses in the literary texts contained in Al-Qurtubi’s book, in which the suggestion plays an important role in conveying the idea that the writer wants. literary text. The aesthetic value of the literary text lies in decoding suggestive codes that may pose a difficulty to the recipient. We find many texts chosen by Al-Qurtubi in his book that bear this type of Quranic, which the researcher chose the most prominent of them to satiate the research
Keywords: Quranic, flower garden, Qurtobe, the second part.

Abstract
This research focuses on one of the windows of Islamic thought, showing us the intellectual personality of one of the imams of guidance, by studying the book of Sheikh Abdul Karim, the teacher, which is marked by the talents of the Rahman in the interpretation of the Qur’an in its doctrinal preferences.that the belief aspect is of great importance; He must distinguish it with serious peculiarity in the search and excavation of the relics of scientists that we desperately need, especially in our present time; Sedition abounded, and the truth was confused with falsehood, and then the belief was the most important thing related to human life and the most precious thing that he possesses.In the research, we focus on an idea from Islamic thought, which is the issue of faith, its ranks, and the tradition that took place between scholars and they differed about it Keywords: Preferences. 2. Lumpous. 3. Faith. 4. Charity. 5. Tradition

Abstract
Almaelum 'ana almaelum 'anah lam yasil 'iilaa al'album wal'afham min 'ana alsunat almasdar altashrieia althaani baed alquran alkarim , almufasirat lah almuqayadat limutlaqih , rubit lieumumih , almufasalat limujmalih , almufasalat , wafasl alsahabat wamin baedihim aleulama' fahafazuu nususaha , waistaweabuu maeaniaha , mahfuzatan ladayna , mahfuzatan fi alsudur walsutur bi'asanidiha wamutunha, waqad hadafat aldirasat fi hadha albahth 'iilaa maerifat juhud wamanhaj al'iimam albaji (rahimah allah taealaa) fi aljurh waltaedil min kitabih altaedil waltajrij wamuqaranataha bimanahij aleulama' alakharin , waqad tabayan 'anah kan ayimat aljurh waltaedil almuetadilina.Key words: Al-Akwal Al-nakdeh Al-Bajee in Al-jareh Al- Taadeel Al-Taadeel and Al-Tajreeh

Abstract
Praise be to God, who has revealed to us the features of the religion, bestowed upon us the clear Book, made contemplation the worship of His Noble Messenger, and I bear witness that there is no god but God, alone without partner, and I bear witness that Muhammad ﷺ is His servant and Messenger.The importance of research It can be said that the importance of education is not only in the field of teaching and scientific research, but is based on the importance of educational fields and their role in the development of society intellectually and educationally, and the production of its leaders as new cadres, in order to play the best role in community service.The main reasons for choosing this research are:Society's urgent need for advice and guidance, especially in educational fields; Because it is related to human politeness, such as etiquette, morals, behavior, guidance, guidance, advice, and recommendationThe most important results that I reached in simple points, which are as follows:

• I explained the concept of intellectual construction in scientific detail with several definitions, including: It is a human building characterized by movement, development, change and growth within the human being; The personality of the human individual is formed from his intellectual structure.
• Religious education is concerned with building the integrated Muslim personality.

Research Summary
I tried to shed light on a phenomenon I was in the Islamic community about Melil. A statement by Al-Shoul is the attempt of some, whether the needy or not, to beg for money from the alms-giving, and that the Islamic religion did not allow this issue except for necessity and set a reward for those who disdain without asking people, but rather patiently. Himself, until God called him, vowing that he will be my master the questioner on the Day of Resurrection, that he will make on his face a mark by which he will be known, but the people Keywords, beggary, issue, illness, Sunnah, poverty

Research Summary:
This research is an attempt to distinguish the idea of the unity of existence according to its owners from the idea of solutions and union, which is one of the darkness of the ideas of non-Islamic philosophers and cultures, and an explanation of the roots of the two ideas and the positions of scholars on the two ideas of rejection, acceptance, interpretation and excuses, especially according at Allama al-Balki.Keywords:Unity of existence, solutions, witnessing faith, foreign mysticism, existential mysticism

Abstract
Charitable work and its impact on family reformThe charitable work has a significant impact on the spread of security, stability, tranquility and symbiosis of life in all spheres of life, especially in family life, in which it broadcasts happy life, familiarity, affection, love and tranquility. And contribute to the symbiosis of living for them, and be a tool for reform and the lifting of disputes and adversities and problems. To illustrate this, we discussed this research under the title " Charitable work in Islam and its role in family reform " by focusing on charitable work in terms of its concept, rooting, purpose, importance, role in family building and stability, As well as his role in resolving family disputes, reform between spouses, preventing family disintegration, and reforming the living conditions of the family..Keywords: Charitable work, family problems, family reform

Abstract
I investigated the manuscript of Fath al-Rahman in the ease of orientation and completion of the pillars of Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Jawhari (d.: 1215 AH) a study and investigation in Shafi’i jurisprudence, and the manuscript consists of two copies, one of which I made the mother and I met her from the other copy, and I extracted the issues from their appearance and knew the books contained in the manuscript as well as the flags And the strange terms and I came across some issues that I saw needed a simple comment, then I made a simple translation of the author, and put pictures of the manuscript, and printed the copy according to the controls of modern spelling

Abstract
Researcher in present study studies models of critical pauses in ancient Arabic criticism, focusing on those that serve to direct judgment through external vectors that hinder reading by striking a balance between an assumed draft, which is the absent aesthetic origin, and a present product text whose appearance was the result of the poet's weakness in front of the commitment to the pressure of style and rhyme, Or the adherence to the artistic doctrine, so the research came to show the aesthetic potential in that text, which had the effect of reading based on the supposed draft in keeping it away from the arena of aesthetic reading. Keywords: criticism - Arabic - old - draft - assumed

Abstract
This paper deals with the aesthetics of intertextuality in the narrations of Hamid Fadel. Hamid Fadel has employed intertextuality in some verses of the Holy Qur’an and in some of his narrations to give a higher value to the meaning of the text and increase its impact on the reader, because the Qur’an is the source of influence and sanctification. He also used intertextuality in Arabian Nights and in his narrative sequence, A Thousand Mornings and a Morning, using imitation as a method of intertextuality.Key wordsBeauty,Intertextuality,narrative works

Abstract
The research tackles the concept of freedom within the social setting.Thus, the author does not use the word dramma to mean the place of performing the play. Rather, the author refers to the life in its broader sense because it represents real audience and heros. Moreover, it is not about an audience in a specific time and place. However, the writer has made the text take a symbolic approach because people with their different affiliations experience or read or report the events. They themselves watch the display of events. This manner focuses on the writer personality in the text which represents a symbolic personality of the history that records the events by the indication of entitling the text with (what happened after that...) and by the indication of predicting the events that escorted this character dialogue with other characters. Thus, an event in the dramma could resemble or match an event in life employed artistically the writer through applying it to the Arab world reality with symbolic vision.

Thesis abstract
The main purpose of this study is to reveal the Qur’anic intertextuality in Jassim Al-Sahih’s poem (Corona ... and the earth is born again), as intertextuality is one of the most prominent artistic techniques that poets took care of, and celebrated as a form of intersection of texts that gives the text richness and richness.
The Holy Qur’an is a source of poetic inspiration, as intertextuality with the verses of the Holy Qur’an formed a wide field in Jassim al-Sahih’s poetry.Key words:The Noble Qur’an, intertextuality, the Corona pandemic, contemporary Arabic poetry, Jassim al-Sahih, direct intertextuality, indirect intertextuality

Abstrct:
In this research, the agreed and different grammatical opinions were collected among the grammarians attributed to the most prominent figures of the second century AH, famous for Sibawayh (d. 180 AH), which were declared to him, and which were transmitted from him in the book Al-Sahih Taj Al-Lughah, and Al-Sahih Al-Arabiya by Al-Jawhari, explaining his opinion on the issue in which he was mentioned, Verifying its ratio, reviewing the rest of the grammarians’ opinions, and the essential opinion in them, if any, in order to understand the grammatical issues contained in his linguistic book. It is correct according to the evidence, the points of protest, and my last words are: Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds Key words : Al-Sahah, Cebawayh, Al-jawhari, Al-Mathhab Al-Nahawi, Al-Khelaf

Conclusion:
Modern Arabic linguistic studies have a prominent impact on enriching our linguistic heritage, as it is an extension of what the applicants produced and a continuation of the process of giving that began hundreds of years ago. Hence, this study came to address an important law of modern textual studies, which is the assignment. The research was a vast field centered on the current links to reveal their role in the consistency of the text and the link between its parts in order to achieve its cohesion and the unity of its construction. We decided that the study should examine the highest linguistic texts, which is the Noble Qur’an, and Surat Maryam was the practical aspect in which this study was carried out.

Research Summary:
The research deals with the study of the poetry of of Ibn Al-Zaqqaq Al-Balansi in a semiotic report. This is to get to know the components of the close to home involvement with every one of its perspectives, and approaches to addressing it for the writer through a nitty gritty investigation of this scholarly classification, and the job of this methodology in featuring the importance and extending the importance for the writer. The research is separated into two sections; The initial segment is the hypothetical part. It likewise examines the idea of semiotics and its improvement in the two Middle Easterners and the West, the significance of the semiotic methodology, its utilization as a strategy for moving toward texts, and the undertaking to unravel the codes of the text; to investigate its suggestions. The second part is the applied part, dealing with Ibn Al-Zaqqaq’s poetry in a semiotic study, trying to reveal what is implicit in it, and highlighting the multiple icons that make up the poet’s experience, It deals with a semiotic study of names, personalities, time, place, poetic image, and colors, all of this in order to reveal the dimensions of the poetic experience of the poet Ibn Al-Zaqqaq Al-Balansi. Keywords: Poetry - Ibn Al-Zaqaq –AL- Balansi's study Semiotics. Ibn al-Zaqaq al-Balansi's poetry Semiotic

The scholars of the Arabic language collected the material preserved in the breasts in tablets and karatis; In order to preserve the classical Arabic language, their works carried the language of the fluent Arabs, these works (dictionaries), and the origins of the lexicons developed by orientalists in Europe, so some orientalists wanted to classify a lexicon that includes those words and phrases; To complement the Arabic dictionaries, including the Dutch orientalist (Reinhart Dozy), who wrote his book (The Complementation of the Arabic Dictionaries), in which he describes the words of his lexicon as not mentioned in the works of Arab linguists; Therefore, I decided to verify some of those vocabulary, so the topic of the research was: ((What Dozi said about him is that he is not in the dictionaries of Arab linguists in the fifth part of his dictionary (the complement of the Arabic dictionaries).

Abstract
The Muslim family was subjected to an intellectual invasion that led to solutions that changed the manifestations of their behavior as a result of Muslims moving away from their religion, which opened a wide field for the transmission of Western concepts to the Islamic society.With the beginning of industrial development in the Renaissance, the West made an orientalist movement to prepare for the occupation of Islamic countries and then preach the dissemination of its concepts in those colonies, by opening schools that broadcast those concepts and sending missions of students to their countries to be influenced by the Western lifestyle and cultureThe West's methodology in dealing with the family was attacking motherhood, guardianship, and marital responsibilities. And the call for equality and symmetry and not taking into account the difference in characteristics, which is the reason for the different jobs for both men and womenThe psychological defeat that afflicted the souls of many Muslims because of their distance from the Book of God Almighty and the approach of His Noble Messenger and because of the prolonged colonization of their country is one of the most important reasons that enabled the success of the intellectual invasion, and the fall of Muslims into the focus of blind imitation of the Western way of life in the field of family and other fields.

Abstract:
By identifying the causes of terrorism, we can predict terrorist incidents and try to reduce them. And because attributing the phenomenon of terrorism to only one variable is practically impossible, therefore, the researcher identified six variables that she assumed were among the causes of terrorism; Unemployment, low respect for human rights, non-enrollment in schools, social inequality, democratization and the prevailing religion, which are derived from three main factors of terrorism demonstrated by the literature presented by the researcher in the second chapter of the current research is; Psychological, social, economic and political factors. The researcher collected the data necessary to test her six hypotheses from Freedom House and other sources, where she obtained reports on the six mentioned variables, in several countries against the number of terrorist incidents in those countries over a period of 20 years from (1991 to 2011). For data analysis "regression" was used as a statistical method. The results showed that only four of the variables mentioned have a statistically significant relationship with terrorist incidents, and two of them have no significant relationship, namely unemployment and the prevailing religion. The researcher concluded that to understand the phenomenon of terrorism in a deep way, we need to know the "meaning of terrorism" in different cultures, and whether terrorist behavior sometimes has moral justifications according to those cultures. Accordingly, suggestions were made for researchers interested in studying the phenomenon of terrorism in different cultures to conduct research within their own culture under the headings, including "Measuring the responses of different groups of society to the questionnaire of justifications for terrorist behavior." According to the results of the research, it also made a number of recommendations, including: "Protecting or supporting basic human rights standards, to avoid a terrorist response to injusticeKeywords: The phenomenon of terrorism, causes of terrorism, reducing terrorism

Abstract:
Cyber war as the latest form of war between states within cyberspace, which has become a source of actual threat to the security of states jointly and individually, by allowing all hostilities of an electronic nature against anyone without discrimination, in addition to addressing international efforts that seek to establish Rules that achieve and maintain global cyber security, as well as shed light on the most important principles applicable in international humanitarian law and the extent to which they can be applied to electronic warfare Keywords: cyber warfare, cyber space, international humanitarian law, cyber-attacks.

Abstract
The state is not described as constitutional unless it adheres to the provisions of the constitution in its actions, so the constitution is described as the supreme law in the state. There was an argument among jurists that there is something higher legal value than the Constitution? However, the general legal trend believes that the philosophy of the ruling group and the trend of public opinion considers this to be of higher value than the constitution, and this confirms that the preamble to the constitution must present this philosophy and devote the aspirations of public opinion. And wait, and it is not started in a hurry, and some constitutions took a time that may not be less than two or three years, and in addition to that, it is necessary that the work of the constitution be done by specialists from legal experts in various branches of law.Keywords: constitution drafting, constitution creation methods, constitution amendment, public rights and freedoms.

Abstract
Satellite channels have witnessed a great development in recent times, and one of the aspects of development that took place in television talk shows through the use of new presentation methods that contribute to attracting the receiver to satellite channels and drawing his attention to follow these programs.In this research, the methods of presenting talk shows on Iraqi satellite channels are studied, an analytical study of the Haq Said program on UTV channel for the period from 1-9-2022 to 1-10-2022. The research is a descriptive research that used the content analysis method for a sample of television talk shows.The researcher reached a set of results, including:
1.Al-Haqq Yaqul program relied on new presentation methods, including the introduction of the program’s presenter, whose time ranges approximately 5 minutes, which summarizes the political scene and which the presenter reads in the Iraqi dialect with the use of loud musical beats to attract the attention of the viewers.
2.The program adopted the method of excitement among the guests through the questions posed by the program presenter and the method of adopting the opinions of each of the parties vis-à-vis the other, which contributed to expanding the dispute between the guests and tightening the recipient on the issues raised in the program.

Abstract
The aim of the research is to: Identify the effect of remembering strategies on the achievement of optics for second stage students in the Department of Physics - College of Education - University of Al-Qadisiyah In order to achieve the research objective, the researcher put the following hypothesis:- There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who studied optics using memory strategies and the average scores of the control group students who studied the same subject in the usual way in the achievement test. In order to verify the hypothesis of the research, the researcher used the experimental method and adopted the design of the two equivalent groups and with a post-test, The research community was determined by the students of the second stage in the Department of Physics / College of Education / University of Al-Qadisiyah for the academic year (2021-2022), and their number is (231) male and female students. The researcher randomly chose two divisions from among the five divisions to represent the research sample, where Division (A) represented the experimental group and Division (B) represented the control group with (28) male and female students for each group. The two groups were rewarded with the variables (age in months, intelligence, first course grades in optics, and previous information in physics, The researcher prepared the research requirements represented in defining the scientific material, formulating behavioral objectives, and preparing teaching plans, The researcher also prepared the research tool represented by the achievement test of the type of multiple choice, which consists of (40) test items, It was presented, along with the behavioral objectives and teaching plans, to a group of arbitrators for the purpose of verifying their validity, Also, the psychometric properties of the test items were verified and their stability was ensured, Using the statistical package (spss), the following results were reached: There are statistically significant differences between the average scores of the achievement test for optics between students of the experimental group and students of the control group and in favor of the students of the experimental group, In light of the research results, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and suggestions.

Research summary
The researcher addresses the research problem through the following question: What is the effect of the scamper strategy on developing thinking skills in the art education department in the pictorial composition?
The research aimed to: - Identify the scamper strategy on developing thinking skills in the Art Education Department in the subject of pictorial composition.Via :-
1. Building a cognitive achievement test for thinking skills.
2. Building a skill test.
3. Building teaching plans according to the Scamper strategy.
Induction Hypothesi :-
- There are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the mean ranks of the experimental and control groups in the cognitive achievement test afterwards.
- There are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the mean ranks of the experimental and control groups in the skill performance test afterwards.The importance of the research ensures the current research's contribution to the development of thinking skills through a set of guiding questions.It includes defining a number of search terms as well as defining search boundaries.
As for the second chapter, it included three sections, the first on Scamber's strategy, the second on thinking skills, and the third on pictorial construction.As for the third chapter, it included the research community, original and exploratory samples, and statistics, as the research sample amounted to (22) male and female students from the third stage / Art Education Department.
1. A cognitive achievement test for thinking skills.
2. A skill test.
Statistical analysis of the test items was done from the ease, difficulty and effectiveness of wrong alternatives, and the validity and reliability of both tools As for the fourth chapter, it included the research results, conclusions, sources and appendices. The most important results that have been reached are that there are statistically significant differences between the average ranks of the two groups in favor of the experimental group, thus rejecting the null hypothesis.Key words: effect, the scamper strategy , development of thinking, pictorial creation.

Abstract:
The current research aims to identify the effect of using the listening triangle strategy in developing historical criticism among fifth-grade literary students 2020-2021. The listening triangle and the control group of (21) students were taught in the usual way. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher prepared a test tool for historical criticism consisting of (23) paragraphs, and the stability of the news reached 0.80 using the Cord Richardson equation (20) It is a high stability coefficient, and using statistical means, the results showed that the experimental group that was studied using the listening triangle strategy was superior to the control group in historical criticism. Modern and effective, and a proposal to conduct a similar study on other study stages.

Summary
The current research aims to identify the emotional innovation and the feeling of cohesion in school among secondary school students, and to identify the significance of the differences and according to the gender variable (male-female) for each of the emotional innovation and the feeling of cohesion in school, and to find the correlation between them. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher built a scale of emotional innovation according to Averill theory (Averill, 1999), and the scale in its final form consisted of (20) items, and the scale of feeling of cohesion in school was adopted for (AL-dhaba and Abadi, 2017), which includes (25) positions And in front of each situation there are three solutions, and the researcher verified the psychometric properties, As the apparent validity and reliability of the two scales were extracted, then the two scales were applied to the research sample of (200) male and female students, who were chosen randomly from the center of Diyala Governorate. The following results: Secondary school students enjoy an average level of emotional innovation, and there are no statistically significant differences according to the gender variable between (males and females). The results also showed that secondary school students enjoyed a good level of sense of cohesion in school, and that there were statistically significant differences according to the variables. Gender and in favor of males, and there is a positive correlation between emotional innovation and a sense of cohesion in schoolKeywords: Emotional innovation - sense of cohesion in school - secondary school students

Summary
The current research aimed at identifying the level of professional performance of educational counselors, knowing the level of job alienation among educational counselors, knowing the level of organizational climate among educational counselors, and the nature of the correlation between the research variables (professional performance, job alienation, organizational climate), and the extent of the contribution of the two variables (alienation). Job and organizational climate) in the total variance of the professional performance variable among educational counselors, the researcher relied on the descriptive approach to study the correlational relationships to know the relationship between the research variables professional performance, job alienation and organizational climate among educational counselors, and the research community consists of educational counselors in the General Directorates of Education in Baghdad , and their number is (1863) educational guide, by (652) educational guide and (1211) educational guide, in order to measure the variables included in the research, the researcher has built the three standards and applied the three standards to the final application sample which is (200) male and female guides And after processing the data in the statistical package spss, the research reached the following results: The educational counselors enjoy the occupational performance, and that educational counselors have functional alienation, and that educational counselors enjoy an organizational climate, and that the matrix of correlations between the variables (functional alienation, organizational climate) and the variable (professional performance) are statistically significant, and that the two variables (functional alienation and organizational climate) contribute 12.5% ) of the total variance in the variable of professional performance and the research came out with a set of recommendations and suggestions.

Abstract:
The current research aims to know the effectiveness of Wax’s model in the achievement of fourth-grade literary students in literature and texts. The research sample consisted of (72) students during the academic year (2021-2022), the researcher prepared an achievement test whose validity and reliability were confirmed. Its validity and reliability were confirmed, the results of the research indicated that the students of the experimental group outperformed the students of the control group in the achievement test. Teaching, and suggested conducting a study dealing with Hermann's model in other variables and subjects. Keywords: Wax - achievement - literature and texts

a summary
This research is based on a statement of the provisions of corporate social responsibility according to the special rules and organization of corporate provisions in Iraqi law and other comparative laws such as Indian law and Chinese law. The research also states the role of corporate social responsibility for states and members of society, with a conclusion that includes a summary of the results and proposals related to the subject of the research

Abstract
The topic of the research deals with the obstacles to the criminal prosecution of corruption crimes, which is one of the most important topics in the field of combating administrative and financial corruption, as the phenomenon of corruption is one of the dangerous phenomena facing most countries, especially developing ones. To exploit the public office and public funds in order to achieve categorical or individual gains. Corruption is no longer just an internal problem that can be confronted with some legal measures and procedures. Rather, the phenomenon of corruption has become global, affecting most societies and legal, political and economic systems. Therefore, it is necessary to find a kind of international cooperation. And as a result of the growing international concern about the phenomenon of corruption and its repercussions and dire consequences on all countries, the need for effective policies has been established by creating this cooperation. There is no difference between corruption committed by senior officials or their juniors, and confronting corruption requires the development of the system The legislative process, both punitive and procedural, at the national and international levels, as well as strengthening international cooperation in the legal and judicial field. Since the issue of criminal prosecution of corruption crimes is one of the most controversial and complex issues, the countries of the world have tended to unify their international efforts to combat corruption in all its forms and recover the funds obtained from it, based on the United Nations Convention against Corruption, which entered into force in (2005) and ratified by Iraq. According to Law No. (35) of 2007. And through the specialized agencies carrying out their duty to fight corruption and recover the money obtained from it, the Iraqi Integrity and Judiciary Commission faced several legal obstacles, some of them of a procedural and objective nature inside and outside Iraq. Initiating the criminal case related to corruption crimes, the difficulty of criminal prosecution procedures against the perpetrators, the different legal systems between the parties to the agreement, the statute of limitations for corruption crimes and the rules of banking secrecy and other obstacles.

Conclusion:
Political behavior depends on the degree of individual or collective political awareness, and it cannot be explained in isolation from a number of interrelated and interacting factors, such as social, historical, psychological, biological and economic factors that, as a result, push him to perform a certain political behavior towards a particular political issue, and perhaps political participation is the most prominent and clear political behavior that has It is issued by a citizen in any society and in any country, and here we must emphasize that all models of democratic transformation agree that political participation is one of the most important foundations upon which the democratic process is based.The elements of the social environment (religion - clan - family - civil society - social class - values, customs and social traditions) influence the political behavior of individuals, and based on these elements the political behavior differs between individuals, and this difference is more evident through the political life represented by participation Political, electoral behavior, party affiliations, and political culture, as we find some individuals are keen to participate in elections and pay attention to political issues and loyalty and loyalty to their political system, while others are reluctant to participate in any political action and take a position of indifference, and may extremism towards the use of political violence.

Abstract
The city is the most prominent areas of human housing, stability and organization of manufacturing. It is a manual human manifestation of the manner of the change in the time of the other. The importance of studying human factors through its representation of the dynamic element affecting the development of human structures, whether regular or random, the growth of the city's population and the highlight of migration rates are accompanied by the resource balance of the residential balance as well as the expansion of the city of non-organized city of the most prominent causes of the phenomenon.
Key words:: Rural exodus, unregulated housing, Areal Expansion , Urban Space, Basic Designs and Plans ,Population Density and Distribution

Abstract
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful, and prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad and the God of the good and his faithful companions.but afterThe importance of the research tagged (Persian-Greek-Medean Wars 490-479 BC) The study of causes and consequences stems from the fact that it deals with the history of the Greeks, which occupies a prominent position in the history of the world and is a unique model in human history. The research included a study of the expansion of the Achaemenids in Asia Minor and the revolution led by the city-states The Greeks in Asia, and explained the reasons for that revolution, which was the direct cause of the Median wars, including the policy used by the Persians to impose a system (rule of tyrants) in these states through rulers placed by the Persians on the peoples of these states, in addition to the annual tax and economic reasons related to their alliance with the Phoenicians who were One of the most hypocritical of the Greek city-states in the Mediterranean region. Then the results of the wars were clarified, including the disappearance of the Persian threat from European Greece, the emergence of Athens as the leader of the Greek city-states, as well as the spread of democracy.

Abstract
The historical traceability of constitutional and legislative rules in Iraq since the establishment of its modern state 1925 until 1968, most of which stood as a barrier to the progress of individuals and society, which is clear in the constitutions set by legislators and political systems throughout that period, it was only an expression The interests of political systems and the manner of its rule in the country away from the aspirations of the people and basic rights, which made Iraq in the spiral of political conflicts and political instability, and will be addressed these constitutions for the purpose of clarifying our political and legal implications that were clearly reflect the goal of politicians

Abstract
The current research aims to identify the following:
-1 Recognize the self-glorification of employees.
-2 Identifying the psychological manipulation of employees.
3- Identifying the significance of the differences in the degrees of psychological manipulation among the sample members according to some variables (gender (male - female), academic achievement, and years of service).
4- Identifying the significance of the differences in the degrees of psychological control manipulation among the sample members according to some variables (gender (male - female), academic achievement, and years of service).
5- To identify the relationship between self-glorification and psychological manipulation of employees. 6- Identifying the relationship between the research variables, and the extent of the psychological control variable’s contribution to the studySelf-glorification of employees.
To achieve the objectives of the research, as the researcher built the two search tools (self-glorification, and psychological control manipulation), the number of items of the self-glorification scale reached (10) items in the form of attitudes and they were presented to a group of arbitrators who confirmed the validity of the two scales, and to extract the psychometric properties of the two scales were applied to A sample of (400) male and female employees. The stability was extracted by the half-segmentation method, before the correction was (0.56) and after the correction (0.71). As for the Facronbach method, the stability of the self-glorification scale was reached (0.75), and by the retest method, the stability was reached. For the self-glorification scale (0.68), as for the psychological control manipulation scale, the number of its items was (18), and its stability reached by the half-segmentation method before correction (0.64) and after correction (0.68), as for the Facronbach method, it was stability (0071), either by the method of re-adjustment. The test was stability (0.71), and after collecting and processing the data statistically using the Statistical Package for Social and Psychological Sciences (SPSS), the study reached the following results:That employees have self-glorification and control psychological manipulation, and that there is a direct relationship to the variable of self-glorification between genders (males - females), academic achievement (middle school - bachelors - high studies), and years of service (1-5 years, 6-15 years, 16 -35 years), and a direct relationship to the psychological control variable between genders (males - females), academic achievement (middle school - bachelors - graduate studies), and years of service (1-5 years, 6-15 years, 16-35 years), And there is a positive correlation between self-glorification and psychological control manipulation, and that there are no significant differences between employees according to gender variables (males - females), academic achievement (middle school - bachelors - high studies), and years of service (1-5 years, 6-years). 15 years, 16-35 years), and the prediction equation showed that psychological manipulation can predict the existence of self-glorification among state employees, and to complement the results of the research, the researcher came up with a number of recommendations and proposals.Keywords: self-glorification, manipulative psychological manipulation

Abstract
The current research discusses topics that have a major role in addressing the problems of the Iraqi industrial environment, especially in the field of environmental pollution, scarcity and depletion of resources and energy, unsustainable production and consumption, short life cycle of products as well as manufacturing competitiveness. Through the field visit to the factory under search and interviewing a number of managers, it was noted that the individuals surveyed did not have a clear and complete vision of the sustainability of the products of the factory in question, as well as what that sustainability constitutes, as is the case with the product-oriented service system that has been adopted as a promising business model towards promoting That sustainability, and accordingly, the current research sought to determine the impact of the product-oriented service system in enhancing the sustainability of industrial products, and for the purpose of obtaining data and information that serve the objectives of the research, the questionnaire was relied on, and the Babylon battery factory was chosen as a field for research, and the research sample It included (243) individuals working in the factory under search.The answers of the respondents were analyzed using a number of statistical methods based on the (AMOS V. 24) program, and a set of Results was reached, the most prominent of which is that there is a significant correlation and a varying level of impact for each dimension of the product-oriented service system in product sustainability (Overall) within the field aspect under search, and depending on Results reached by the research, a number of proposals were presented that are consistent with these Results, the most important of which is supposed to the management of the factory under discussion to increase its activity around the service system oriented towards the product as well as thinking about how to shift towards systems Others (service oriented to use, service oriented to results), especially with global economic trends.
Keywords: product service system, product-oriented service system, product sustainability.

Absitract
Guided by its symbolic connotation and out of his love to a dreamy world evolving from contradictions, Badr Shakir al Sayyab makes use of Sumerian, Babylonian and Greek myth and mergers it with his concerns to avoid his own dominating feelings of ultimate evil and shadow of death due to a long-standing ailment. Lamdan and al Sayyab enjoy an outstanding and unique literary talent. This is due to the fact that beside Arabic, al Sayyab studied English and was greatly influenced by the English poet T.S Elliot. Lamdan, on the other hand, was greatly influenced by the Ukrainian language and the natural beauty of Ukraine, his birth town. Both had sympathy with the socialist and revolutionary ideas but soon discovered the irreconcilability of religious affiliation and communism. They resorted to Myth to escape bitter realities For the psychological effect it has, particularly on the Jews, Lamdan employs Myth in a religious perspective. Engaging the text to Mythology reserves the magical beauty of returning to myth worlds to live reality. Beside religious connotations, Masada Myth had a psychological effect helped the emigrant Jews to adapt to their new environments. symbolically, Lamdan uses Masada to stand for Palestine as the Jews last resort and that migrants in diaspora land must return home The Jews community needs to be heroic even by a mass suicide,The Jews folk mentality sees death than being humiliated by one's enemy as a heroic act something that corresponds to the common proverb "Neither Death and nor humiliation .

Abstract
Small industries in their different forms play an important role in the economies of the nations, regardless of the degree of their technical and administrative progress.
However, their systems and economic concepts varied and the stages of their social changes varied.
After these economies found the inability of large industrial sectors to achieve economic development and the inability to provide job opportunities for the unemployed and their needs to large investments. As well as that the factor of international competitiveness in terms of cost reduction was the motivation to resort to small projects as reflected in the importance of its ability to generate jobs at large vates and low capital cost and thus contribute to addressing the problem of unemployment experriced by the majority of developing countries it also has the ability to cope with the demand for goods variables compared with the large industrial projects . it has proven its ability to develop productive and administrative art and the need to modest elements of infrastructure in line with the nature and conditions of the economies of developing countries.The aim of the induction is to identify small industries in terms of their concept, characteristics and spatial distribution in Baghdad governomate and by districts for 2015.
Honce there is aspatial difference in the distribution of small industries in Baghdad governorate.
The resesrch is based on the hypothesis that small industries in Baghdad governorate were not distributed efficiently and were not balanced and fair in the districts of the province because of several problems related to industry and development.The research also found that is not possible to development small industries in Iraq except by establishing lows and procedures aimed at financing of workers , exemption from taxes and customs duties resulting from the import of raw materials for manufacturing competition for the local industry in Iraq markets in away that does not harm the markets of small industries in general .

Abstract
In the process of translating Qur’anic texts, there is an urgent need for interpretations of the Qur’anic text due to the presence of many incomprehensible Qur’anic verses or words because of our distance from the standard Arabic, language in which the Holy Qur’an was revealed, and the introduction of the foreign words into our language, in addition to the fact that many Qur’anic words are no longer used. All this prompted the need for the interpretation of the Qur'anic text, Therefore, it is necessary for the translator to resort to the books of interpretation if he intends to translate the Qur’anKey wordsKoran, exegesis, religious translation, language of the Koran, translation, Koranic text.

Abstract
The quality of human life cannot simply be measured by the resources and options available, but by the nature of world relations: whether a life succeeds or fails depends on the way in which it is passively experienced or actively appropriated. With the accelerating development of technology, it can be shown how alienation, one of the typical modernist themes, becomes dominant even in the post-postmodern era. It is one of the causes of loneliness and isolation. This paper discusses the concept of alienation from the perspective of certain writers such as: Theodor W. Adorno, Marcuse and Fromm. It also studies alienation according to Karl Marx who considers the theory of alienation as an existential neurosis. It presents a study of the theme of alienation in the science fiction (The Darfsteller) by Walter M. Miller. The inward and outward alienation of Man is caused by Man himself. The man-machine struggle will continue until the Man puts into consideration the human side of others.
Keywords: Human Alienation, Economic alienation, The Darfsteller, Karl Marx, Walter M. Miller.

Abstract
The present paper entitled 'Kurd University English Teachers' Problems and Challenges in Applying Online Classes' aims to hint at the most obvious problems and difficulties of the online teaching process that is worldly concerned due to the pandemic situation. The purpose of the paper is to raise awareness of the issues and determine the best approach to change the problems into creative and practical solutions. The methodology used by the researcher is a combination of primary and secondary resources. A qualitative method using an online questionnaire created using Google Form serves as the main source for data collection. In order to easily reach the participants, the questionnaire's data collection technique is done online. Moreover, the secondary source for data collection is the literature review. The findings of the study state that university lecturers, particularly the EFL teachers at the English Department of the College of Basic Education at the University of Sulaimani as a sample; have certain problems with the online teaching system. The results revealed significant reflection positively on teaching online. Based on the findings, online teaching cannot effectively be used in the Kurdistan region Universities to enhance the students' background knowledge.
Keywords: Online Classes, Kurd EFL Teacher, Problems and challenges, teaching Online

Abstract.
The article is devoted to the phonetic proceses, which lead to the formation of the derivate in the system of word formation in the Arab and the Russian languages, as representativts of the Semitic and Indoeuropean language groups. It touches upon the basic concept of the root, flexia, affixation and phonogrammar on the scientific facts of their creation. The authors analyze real scientific differences of affixation from phonogrammar, and the effect of phonetic processes by which words are formed in the Russian and the Arabic languages.
Key words
phonogrammar, Arabic, Russian, structure, consonant, flexia, semantics, word formation.

Abstract
In this work; vision defects for physics and biology students for male and female in Salahaddin University in Hawler city investigated practically. For this purpose, a group of students both male and female the age range was 17 - 25 years were recruited from the first and fourth stages of physics and biology department. Participants were screened with Snellen’s E chart to determine visual acuity, astigmatism chart test to identifying astigmatism condition and Ishihra plates to identifying colorblindness. Result shows the overall prevalence of vision defects in all stages was 25.7 %. This percentage is divided on the first and fourth stages of each physics and biology department. The vision defects were more common 30.49 % in fourth stage of physics department as compared to all others stages. The Commonest vision defects among the students was hyperopia and myopia (47.56 %), followed by astigmatism (26.83%) and colorblindness by 25.61%. Female were having relatively more vision defects compared to male expect colorblindness was more common in male than females. The aim of the study is to evaluate vision defect in physics and biology students. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical
Package for Social Science (SPSS) version (25)
Key Words: Vision defect, Myopia, Hyperopia, Astigmatism, Colorblindness.