NTU Journal of Engineering and Technology

Many industries are incorporating the Internet of Things (IoT) into their daily operations. Examples include smart homes, smart grids, smart cities, logistics, e-health, and physical security. An IoT-enabled smart building provides support for IoT applications that offer both quality and cost-effectiveness. Smart buildings are important places to deal with and manage all kinds of operating conditions, such as lighting, ventilation, humidity, temperature, safety, and others. Furthermore, it is crucial to establish living spaces with better well-being standards and an enhanced quality of life. Additional problems that smart buildings create include the diversity of communication technologies and the inflexible architecture of the building. These issues include complications related to application and IoT device heterogeneity, efficient energy, security, and appropriate automation systems. This paper presents a survey of many researches on IoT in smart buildings, which have been categorized into five important smart building applications: energy, localization, comfort, automation, and security. The survey is based on the most used communication technologies in smart buildings; the connectivity standards (PLC, PoE, RFID, Bluetooth, BLE, WIFI, UWB), transmission protocols (IPv6, 6LoWPAN, ZigBee, Z-wave, CoAP, and MQTT), network topologies (Bus, Star, Mesh, Tree) and network area (PAN, LAN, WAN).

One of the most important issues in Mosul is power quality. A power quality issue caused by current harmonic pollution caused by a wide range of nonlinear loads in the electrical power system. The shunt active power filter based on instantaneous active and reactive power theory is proposed to reduce these harmonics. In this paper, two locations in Mosul city have been chosen to be studied. The real measurements from the studied locations are simulated in Matlab/Simulation based on the current harmonic distortion produced by a nonlinear load to demonstrate the SAPF's ability to mitigate current harmonics and improve power quality.

Computer heat dissipation might increase constantly. This paper discusses a review of computer cooling methods to identify the best cooling system. starting with the traditional computer cooling system that utilized air then developed to a liquid cooling system. In the last decade, the nanofluid is attended potentially as a tool for cooling devices especially cooling of computer. It can be summarized the hot topic of cooling devices using nanofluid. The volume fraction and size diameter of nanofluid are significant parameters for utilizing nanofluid with cooling device.

Solar energy is converted into electrical energy using photovoltaic panels. The production of electricity from the solar panel is increased by the increase in the collection of solar radiation by the solar panel. To track the sun in vertical and horizontal directions, a dual-axis tracking prototype has been developed to capture the maximum sun rays by tracking the movement of the sun in four different directions. One axis is horizontal, which allows the solar panel to move left and right. The other axis is vertical and allows the panel to turn up and down. The result of this new development provides the solar panels with extensive freedom of movement. This process makes use of the Light Depending Resistor (LDR), which is important for detecting the sun's light by following the source of the light location. Proteus software is being used to design the circuit for the Arduino mega microcontrollers and H-Bridge IC chip. This implemented system can save more energy and probably offer a greater reduction in cost. The project discusses the process of hardware development and the control process of tracking the sun, as well as the circuit design.

Population growth and economic development in most countries of this world have increased global energy needs. The international energy agencies indicated that the increase in energy consumption in developing countries is faster than in developed countries, and it requires almost twice their current capacity to meet energy demand by 2020. It is also estimated that the total energy consumption in the world will increase by 44% from 2006 to year. 2030. Therefore, alternative energy sources must be specified to meet our energy requirements and to conserve traditional fossil fuels. Solar energy is a renewable energy source. This clean energy has the potential to meet a large amount of the world's energy demand. In the field of renewable energy and energy efficiency, it has brought stability to the negative impact of carbon emissions due to the increase in energy consumption in the world, as well as the reduction of major fossil fuel sources. Photovoltaic thermal technology (PVT) has been developed since the 1970s. PVT system generates electrical and thermal energy simultaneously. The aim of this hybrid system was to use a cooling PV panel to enhance electrical efficiency, while, at the same time, utilizing thermal energy for the heating process. Most studies on PVT systems focused on the air or water-based medium for the heat transfer. In recent years, nanofluids and phase-change materials have been used with working fluid to enhance PVT thermal performance, in addition to adding some design parameters.

This paper studies the forced convection heat transfer and flow characteristics of nanofluids composed of water and different volume concentrations of Fe3O4/water nanofluids (0.35%, 0.2%) under laminar flow conditions that move in counter current in a vertical shell-and-tube heat exchanger. Fe3O4 nanoparticles having a diameter of about 30 nm were used in this work. Various of Reynolds number were used during practical experiments on the device is (200,600,1000,1400). The results show that for the same mass flow and inlet temperature, the convective heat transfer coefficient of the nanofluid is slightly larger than that of the base fluid where the improvement ratio is up to 14%, 22% for 0.2%, 0.35%, respectively. Where it was concluded through the results that the total coefficient of heat transfer of the nanofluid has increased compared to the basic fluid, the maximum improvement at (0.2%, 0.35%) was about 34% and 61%, respectively. When the concentration of nanofluids increases sharply, the Nusselt number also increases sharply compared with the base fluid up to 10%, 19%. As the results showed that the friction factor increases when the concentration of nanofluid increase because the density and viscosity is higher than of base fluid, while decrease when the Reynolds number increase, where the ratios reached 25%, 47%. It was found that the effectiveness of nanofluids is higher than that of base fluids is up to 56%, 62%.

The climate change, global warning, energy price, and energy supply crisis are the essential issues facing of the world. The petroleum based energy supplement was the main responsible for these problems. Alternative fuels need and the increasing of the sources of renewable and clean energy with limited fuel supplies are becoming important. Many students are studies alcohol as alternative fuels. From fermentation process fusel oil is produced as a byproduct with higher alcohol content. During the last decades, fusel oil is took care as a renewable fuel in spark ignition engine. The objective of the present study, is to survey the effects of fusel oil-gasoline mixture on the performance (break torque, break power, brake specific fuel consumption, efficiency, & effective) also on characteristics of combustion and emissions ((CO , HC hydrocarbons, NOx)) in SI engine.

Solar energy is one of the important renewable energy plants where a solar plant converts the energy produced by the sun into electricity. Now the world is turning to the design solar power plants because they are environmentally friendly and rapid installed and less expensive than other generation plants . In this paper ,design and sizing of solar PV system for Qayarah general Hospital south of Mosul city. A comparison study between mathematical calculations and PV–SOL program was made and the solar system components appeared approximately equally.