Academic Science Journal

The high contrast for images taken of a human body by the medical apparatuses is quite
important to diagnose the patient case perfectly. In this paper, a strategy for enhancing the
contrast of Computed Tomography (CT scan) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is
suggested. The strategy consists of two stages: pre-processing and then enhancement, either
using Gaussian blur or not. The pre-processing stage involves an image smoothing, convert the
image color space from RGB to YCrCb. The brightness compound (Y) is implied withe the
Supper Resolution Convolution Neural Network (SRCNN) in order to raise image resolution,
and then the images are returned to color space RGB using transformation equations. The
measures of Peak-Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), Mean
Square Error (MSE) and Universal Quality index (UQI) were used to assess the quality of
enhanced images.

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan that causes a disease known as toxoplasmosis;
both sexes are affected by the parasite. The main severe symptoms of toxoplasmosis are the
danger of infection of the CNS. Early exposure to multiple agents of infections was correlated
with the subsequent development of schizophrenia.
In this study two laboratory Serodiagnosis tests (LAT and ELISA) were used on a total of 45
sera samples (20 females and 25 males) of schizophrenic patients that were collected from the
mental health care unit, Sulaymaniyah teaching hospital. The study showed that 38(84%) of
cases were positive for anti-Toxoplasma and 7(16%) of cases were negative for anti
Toxoplasma antibodies by LAT while 28(62%) were tested by the ELISA method showing
seropositive results (IgG) and 17(38%) showing seronegative results. Such discrepancies
between schizophrenic patients and control were significant in both studies. (Chi-square) (P =
0.01)

Quorum sensing is a chemical messaging service in that bacteria arrange collective activities
by producing, releasing, and detecting signal substances called auto-inducers. To enter the small
bowel, the mammalian pathogenic Vibrio cholerae needs quorum sensing. Vibrio cholerae is
confronted with a lack of oxygen as well as the abundance of a bile salts there. Data revealed
that all these 2 stimuli have differing effects on quorum-sensing activity and, as a result, on the
cytotoxicity of Vibrio cholerae. First, whereas Vibrio cholerae doesn't really create the CAI-1
auto-inducer under anaerobic development, it does make the DPO auto-inducer, indicating that
CAI-1 might carry data special to Vibrio cholerae oxygen lifestyle. Secondly, the VqmA
quorum-sensing receptor-transcription factor recognizes both the absence of oxygenation as
well as the existence of bile salts in addition to the DPO auto-inducer. Oxygen, bile salts, and
redox responsive disulfide linkages affect VqmA deoxyribonucleic acid DNA binding capacity,
allowing for detection. VqmA, we argue, functions as a data processing center that combines
quorum-sensing data, redox state, oxygen availability, and host signals.

Nowadays, social networks such as Twitter or Facebook become a robust means of learning
about the users’ opinions and share their emotions towards specific subjects in a form of
comments, to analysis these emotions sentiment analysis process is applied, which is used to
discover the opinions of people on social media sites. It focuses on detection the polarity
(positive, negative, or neutral). In recent years, it has been demonstrated that deep learning
models are promising solution to the challenges of natural language processing (NLP). This
study is devoted to apply semantic similarity approach for sentiment classification in addition
to use lexical approach and Bag-of-Words model to perform a comparison among them. For
examining the performance, precision, recall, accuracy, and F1 scores measurements with two
datasets (STS-Test & SS-Tweet) for testing and sentiment140 for training have been used. The
experimental results show the accuracy of the proposed approach about 81.0%.

Thermodynamic functions are normally calculated experimentally through studying the effect of
temperature on the equilibrium constant. Such studies may facing experimental errors, they may
require the consumption of expensive chemicals, in addition of being time consuming. The
development of computer science and programing facilitated the theoretical study of such project.
In this work the determination of pKa of several Schiff bases are achieved by statistical analysis
using SPSS program (V.12) and by employing parameters based on quantum mechanically derived
method. The Chem. Office program (V.12,2010) is used for achieving these studies. The density
functional theory (DFT) is applied as an ab initio method, using the method of (B3LYP) at basis
set (3-21G). The theoretical pKa values were determined by several derived equations at several
temperatures (20,30,40,50, and 60 oC. These equations were obtained from applying multi
parametric regression analysis based on parameters derived from DFT method. The calculated pKa
were highly consistent with the practical values in terms of R2 and SE. These consistency improved
as temperature increased from 20-60Co.