Journal of The Iraqi University

Exception is the output of some of each, whether before the exception tool was spoken or not only in the exempt exception, and the excluded sometimes comes from the general conditions, which is a clear syntax in Arabic, which is many in the Koran, and may share the meaning with the case to change and link to it , So there is a lot of disagreement in it and the statement of opinions and possible grammatical aspects, depending on the culture of the scientific interpreter and his doctrinal views, as the interpreter makes all the possibilities in one place; because the excluded and the case share the sign, Another increase in the Views grammatical

In this research, I have explained the basics of the science of spacing to help the beginner, and a summary for the world. For that, I have followed the uniqueness of the seven readers in the science of spacing each one separately. And called it "Koranic chapters, and singled out the seven irrigated, collective and study"
The plan was as follows: The research contains an introduction, two chapters and a conclusion.Introduction: The importance of that science, the reasons for choosing the subject, the research methodology, and research topics.
The first chapter is about the fact and the history of the Qur'an spacing, in which there are seven investigations. The first is the definition of the spacing science; the second is its subject, extraction, and benefits; the third is about the relationship between the spacing science and the Qur'an Readings science; next is the first to name it and other names of that science; after that is the methods of knowing it, and reasons of scholars differences; the sixth is the common numbers and the agreement of Reading Imams on it; finally the literature in the spacing science throughout history. The second chapter: The uniqueness of the scientist of the number in the Qur'an spacing, which has seven numbers and their uniqueness, whether by counting or leaving, Conclusion: which presents the main results and recommendations.

This research is concerned with collecting and examining the specific hadiths transmitted to Imam Muslim by a specific chain of narrators: first, Jaafer Bin Suleiman, then, Thabit, and, finally, Anas Bin Malik. The research aims to: (1) show the criterion used by Imam Muslim to include these particular narrations in Sahīh Muslim, (2) state the critiques to this criterion, (3) explain Imam Muslim’s criteria with regard to judge the reliability of narrators in his Sahīh, and (4) display the rank of Jaafer Bin Suleiman in light of Al-Jarh wa Al-ta’dīl (discrediting and accrediting of Hadith narrators). I applied deductive and inductive approaches. With respect to the main findings of this research, Imam Muslim had a specific criterion regarding the specific hadiths transmitted to him by a specific chain of narrators: first, Jaafer Bin Suleiman, then, Thabit, and, finally, Anas Bin Malik. Also, out of the seven hadiths transmitted by this specific chains of narrators, five hadiths were included either in the Two Sahihs or in one of them. The current research recommends that narrators whose hadiths have been criticized in the Two Sahihs be studied and that academic studies be conducted to illustrate the right status of the Two Sahihs. Key words: criterion, singularity, Sahīh Muslim, Jaafer Bin Suleiman.

This study examines the discrepancy between fundamental rules, which are considered to be one of the most crucial topics of the principles of Islamic jurisprudence. This study focuses on clarifying the concept and divisions of fundamental rules, the difference between the fundamental rules and juristic rules, clarifying the concept of discrepancy between the fundamental rules, its pillars, conditions and types, indicating the methods of voiding the discrepancy between the fundamental rules such as combination or preponderance. If such combination or preponderance aren’t possible, the voidance shall be through selection, termination or cessation. The research plan includes an introduction, three topics and a conclusion.

The problem most importantly that came research to address them is to disclose malate legitimacy prestigious charity to work with the international donor organizations and non-Muslim, this is done by defining charity work scope for the participation of non-Muslims in it, and the statement related Malate charity work with non-Muslims the purposes of legality, and the extrapolation of the most important areas of work philanthropy with non-Muslims contemporary economic and applications, and it was what motivated me to write on this subject a variety of reasons, most notably:
1. gracious invitation extended by the Department of Islamic Affairs and Charitable Activities in Dubai for researchers to participate in the forum of Islamic jurisprudence and the economy, which is held under the auspices of (HH Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Nahyan), Crown Prince of Dubai and Chairman of the Executive Council.
2. The subject of research is the study Altoeselah and applied both urgent and the need for such studies linking the provisions of the developments in contemporary times of calamity purposes Sharia care, which is a factor to enrich the knowledge assets branches of jurisprudence filmmaker it.
3. work towards the harmonization of the effects of charity work with non-Muslims on the reality of Muslims, especially the economic side and the requirements of the purposes of the legislation is for them decreasing in terms of intent, or money, which requires response charitable work legally.
To achieve the objective of the study, the researcher used descriptive and analytical approach, and

The present study aimed at identifying administrative and academic problems facing students in postgraduate educational programs at Umm Al-Qura University and identifying the differences in the responses according to the variables of the study, in addition to identifying the suggestions that may contribute to reducing these problems. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive method was used. And the questionnaire was used as a tool to collect the study data, and it responded to (143) students. The results of the study were: The approval of the study community members to a great extent on the administrative and academic problems. No significant differences were found between the average responses of the members of the study community to the administrative and academic problems facing them according to the variables of degree and specialization. The most important solutions suggested by the studies to reduce these problems are: the creation of tracks for programs of higher educational studies commensurate with the needs of the labor market, activating the unit of research consultations and statistical analysis; to include the task of arbitrating the study tool, providing the appropriate classrooms, and equipped with the necessary technologies and capabilities. Providing a directory within the college that includes research maps of departments.

That the Quran and the Sunna are the net spring of the law of glue, they instilled the pure doctrine in the minds of the first generation without philosophical complications or theoretical controversies that do not serve the reality of the nation, but after the end of the era of the Prophet's Safa As a result of the spread of Islam has increased questions about the doctrine and raised suspicions about Islam, And began deviant currents to appear attempt to strike the doctrine of the Koran and Sunnah, and the effects of those suspicions and deviations in the doctrine of the lack of understanding of the truth of that pure doctrine.

The aim of this study is to show the role of Islamic thought in the rise of the Islamic society as it occupies a large space in the confrontation between Islam and its opponents and is the correct approach based on the sources of Islamic law, which does not come false from any aspect of it and as long as this thought reflects the understanding of true Islam Its society to the point of development and progress.The Islamic thought that we intend to be based on the controls of Islam, which is the scientists and thinkers Kalajtahd useful in resolving the issues of the problem of Muslims from the original source of the Koran and the Sunna.

Praise be to Allah, and May His Peace and Blessings be upon the last of the Prophets and Messengers;
These papers include the most important findings from my research; as follows: Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) is a term that indicates the impact of language and its importance in drawing images of things, naming them in a positive or negative way in the mind of man, and then influencing his feelings and behavior. The meaning of this term exists more clearly and explicitly in our Holy Quran, as Allah Almighty says: (Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good advice, and debate with them in the most dignified manner) , Allah Almighty says: (Tell My servants to say what is best. Satan sows discord among them) , Allah Almighty says: (But speak to him nicely) , and Allah Almighty says: (They were guided to purity of speech) . These verses indicate the importance of language and its impact, and how to use it wisely and gracefully. Religious scholars and preachers disagreed with the legality of NLP on two

Islamic law regulated the glue relationship between the slave and his Lord, and did not leave good to bring the slave of his Lord, but the evidence of it, and left evil away from the slave, but warned him.In general, the Shariah fights the exploitation of the weak by the strong in every case.
We have regulated the relationship between the worker on the one hand and the employer on the other and guided each other to his duty towards the other, whether the employer is a government employee or in the private sector.
The strike, which we want to talk about and discuss, is only a kind of objection to those who have been oppressed and want to raise it, including the objection of the worker to the employment contract linking him to the employer, whether its aim is to increase wages or pay late salaries, or reduce working hours. , Or improve working conditions, or otherwise.

It is one of the most prominent political, social and psychological tools used by society to discuss issues, crises and societal phenomena.
The present research seeks to identify some of the psychological and social implications of the problem. To achieve this goal, the researcher followed the descriptive method by constructing a questionnaire consisting of (15) paragraphs measuring the social significance of the sample in a sample of 200 persons. After checking the cykometric characteristics Of the research tool and its application to the sample, the research leads to the existence of some psychological and social implications of popular jokes, and the research came out with a set of recommendations:
1-The need to shed light on the popular literature with the problems of the other, such as puzzles, gossip and jokes, being a rich literature that has not received much attention.
2-Providing references and ancient sources that deal with Iraqi literature in particular, Arab and global in general in public libraries so that everyone can benefit from them
3-Conducting more research on popular literature and linking it to some social aspects

The features of this research are manifested in the interest in the meanings of the threefold actions added by Ibn Asfour in his interesting book on acting and taking care of them to show more of them in letters and letters and three. These letters added new meanings to the verb. One words at different roots.This research derives its origins from the work of exchange and significance, and can be taken as a basis for the construction of the construction of the basis of the classification, the words are classified according to the construction factor morphological or according to its wording and the impact of the impact in its meaning.The division of the search came in the preparation of three questions.I have already addressed the definition of the definition and the meaning of the increase. In the first part, I studied the meanings of the three actions, which were combined with one letter. The second topic was to explain the meanings of the triple verb conjugated with two letters. The third topic was to show the meanings of triple acts, which were added in three letters. Ibn Asfour added new meanings and what others agreed and disagreed with.

Keeping iraq unity does not depend just on the president of the state but it is a main goal for iraqi people who love his country, so the demands of secession threaten this unity, and Iraq saw this danger when the referendum done in the Kurdistan region, and according to the referendum the Iraqi federal government set of procedures to deal with the demands of separation.The goal of the research is to show the legality of the procedures followed, and can we end any future demands by separation, And put full stop at the end of the line ,preventing any new demands for separation As it was resolved in favor of the unity of Iraq land and people.

In the name of Allah the Merciful
The conflict in the judgment of the perpetrator of the great in the Islamic faiths
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be upon our master Muhammad and his family and his friends companions. Then: The scholars differed and disagreed in the position of the "perpetrator of the great", both old and new, especially in light of developments of the scene in the political, ideological and social spheres. And in the absence of awareness of the danger of delving into the consequences of the perpetrator of the large, which leads to the atonement of a large segment of the of Muslims in the name of religion and the name of absolute Intellectual and ideological freedom, which means detracting from their beliefs without a clear legal basis, and the importance of this issue and seriousness, And the importance of this issue and the seriousness of the provisions have been set and limits to be carried out and guarded by judges and scholars and the rulers, such as Imam Ali (may God have mercy on him), when he faced the extremism of the Kharijites (when they disbelieved because of the arbitration incident), he used them with weapons and the most important of which is: (the weapon of debate and controversy Hundreds of them returned to the center of Islam, and others did not succeed in dissuading them from their expiatory approach)
Then I spoke about the most important rules on which the Islamic religion was based and its vision to confront a number of Islamic intellectual movements and ideologies that fueled the phenomenon of atonement ns And the consequences of the effects of a serious and destructive, and then the phenomenon of extremism if spread in the community did not escape from them, under which it is possible to disbelieved the child his father and brother disbelieved his brother for trifle reason
And we call on the Almighty to return to the medium and to what he ordered us to follow him, the Quran and the sunna of the prophet who said: ((I have left you two things will never mislead them, the book of God and mu sunna)), In another interview, said ("I have left you on the white target for its night, like its day, for it shall not be depart it after me, only the perishable) Then it is necessary to deal with these people with reason and logic and to return them to the right path with knowledge and understanding, and to establish the argument against them And protect them from overstatement and deviation and return them to the moderation and mediator that characterized our religion and characterized by our true religion Allah says. "(have we made of you An Ummat justly balanced that you might be witness over the nations and the Apostle a witness over your selves), moderation and mediator and the request of science and culture of the features of this nation is the one who spent weapons in the face of the phenomenon of extravagance and extremism that invaded our societies. And then all that was said in the past in the case of extravagance and extremism in the judgment of the great perpetrator, It is no more than an intellectual period that has passed by the end of its time And now drunkenness went and came to the idea and the culture which covered all of the nation there is no longer a problem between people, but it is possible to take and respond , there is no longer a justification for extravagance , especially if it is far from the constants Religious and ideological, and in the light of these facts and introductions decided to return to the roots of this problem and studied it the Rooty Ideological purpose and found that the conflict is due to the following objectives:
1-The repercussions of the intellectual, military and political invasion of different parts of the Islamic world and its impact on the prevalence of this phenomenon .
2- Extremism of some sects and Islamic intellectual groups and narrow political and ideological horizon.
3-The survival of some of these captive groups has some traces of some historical facts and their inability to overcome them .
4-the inability of the moderate preachers and intellectuals to take their real role in the awareness of the silent majority that were victims of this crisis

This research aims at studying one of the basins to the north of Iraq (Re Zeri Basin) which is one of the tributaries of the Small Zab in Iraq. It is a Hydromorphometric study, tackling the analysis of the areal, engineering and topographic characteristics , in addition to the drainage system, relying upon some of the elements of these characteristics as criteria to know the levels of morphological dangers of flood by using the geomatics group of technology. It is possible to categorize the levels flood danger according to each morphometric characteristic through depending on two criteria for each of the engineering, drainage system characteristics. It has been found that there are four levels of geomorphological danger of flood according to the criteria of circularity factor and lengthening factor in the engineering criteria.
As far as the topographic criteria and characteristics, it is also divided into four levels; for the levels of ruggedness and the range of topographity. Concerning the criteria and characteristics of the drainage system, two criteria of umbers of drains and three levels of criteria of the length of water drains are found.
Maps of the geomorphological dangers for the levels of geomorphological flood dangers for all secondary basins by using data given from the geomatics programs to: not dangerous basins, mid dangerous basins, dangerous basins, and most dangerous basins.

The study and analysis of the relationship between economic exposure and economic growth is of great importance and stems from the importance that foreign trade operations (import and export) have a large role in achieving the process of growth and development, as economists gathered on the importance of export in promoting economic development and more They considered exports an engine of growth and economic development through their access to foreign exchange and the discharge of surplus production. The aim of the study is to measure and analyze the relationship between economic vulnerability and growth and to adopt a policy to control economic exposure, N the positives and avoid the negatives, and divides the search into three sections, first topic entrances to the theory of the relationship between economic vulnerability and sustainable economic growth, and came second section to show the analytical vision of the phenomenon of economic vulnerability in Iraq, the third measurement section the relationship between economic vulnerability and economic growth in Iraq with the development of solutions and treatments

The geography of the elections was characterized by studying and analyzing the electoral process in all its stages and reaching the desired results through this research and then achieving the objective of the research to find out the spatial variation of the Turkish voter's voice towards the winning parties and according to the electoral regions of Turkey in 2015, And clearly in these elections.
The research reached the following important results:First, only four of the 16 parties that participated in the electoral process won the AKP. The AKP received its highest vote in most of the Turkish provinces and the most parliamentary seats. Marmara and the province of Aghian, while the third place came from the share of the Democratic Peoples Party and the focus of their supporters in southeastern Anatolia. The fourth place was the share of MHP and its supporters concentrated in the far east of Turkey in the province of Agadir.Second: The AKP (10 seats) in these elections from the previous elections 2011, despite winning first place in the 2015 elections. While the Democratic Peoples Party achieved progress by 24 seats from the previous elections, while the National Movement Party has decreased by (13 seats) from the previous elections.Thirdly, the Central Anatolia region is characterized by a diversity of ethnicity, with winning parties gaining the support of their voting in this region, but in different proportions and according to the presence of their supporters.

The importance of research is also highlighted by highlighting the dimensions of innovative marketing and the importance of the research. And its role in influencing customer retention in the banking sector. The research aims to shed light on the concept of innovative marketing and its importance and its dimensions, as well as to identify the concept of customer retention and the most important benefits obtained from it. The research reached a number of results, the most important of which is that there is agreement in the bank sample research on the dimensions of innovative marketing, Service innovation, price innovation, innovation in promotion, innovation in distribution) and they have a significant impact on customer retention, so it is imperative that the Bank's management promote innovative marketing methods as a reason for maintaining customer retention.

This research attempts to make a critical approach for the stories of “The Arabian Nights”, following the manifestations of the appearance of the woman and her role in “The Arabian Nights”, and her characteristics in the integrated approach data, by describing the roles of the woman and her appearance in the famous Arab Nights, and analyzing the reasons of these manifestations and their implications on the events of the stories and the growth of the characters and their changes and the evolution of the drama conflict and the mechanisms of the popular constructive cutting. The research makes benefit of the psychological analysis data in tracking the impact of the woman’s role of women in The Arabian Nights on the main characters as Shahraiar, Ali al-Zibq and others, and revealing of the women’s role symbolism and occupying a main place in building the Arabian Nights in general. The research summarized a number of results, including that, the woman refused to be followed by men in everything. The Arabian Nights portrayed another image of the woman and this image could be related to the image of the woman in the Middle Ages. Even when the betrayal was mentioned in the Arabian Nights, it was not because of woman’s weakness in front of her desires, but it was as an expression of the rebellion against the authoritarian man and trying to beat him in the most sensitive and embarrassing issues. Thus, the Arabian Nights’ woman broke the negative image which was known about her and instead of that she gave a vivid image full of strength and power in “The Arabian Nights’” woman.

The problem of International finance has been closely linked linked to the problems of economic development and the site of the Issuer has been aconstant concern of the International community especially in light of the new reality imposed by the current international changes and its repercussions on the economies of the developing countries including Arab countries Egypt . the Arab Re public of Egypt desipt the fact that this problem has historical roots .the frame work of the relations of lnterdependence and exchange between the developed countries and the developed countries but they took new dimensions and implications especially with in the developments that took place in the globalization and dominated by the financial economy on the broad aspects of the relations lnternational economic and what is called by the lnternational institutions with in the new functions of the policies of economic reform that in cluded many developing countries in cluding Arab countries Egypt the Arab Republic and is in line with the global trends aimed at the intergration and lntergration of economies of these countries and documentation of its link to the recipe for economic reform of the lnternational monetary fund and the world bank calls to unleash the privatization programs and attract foreign investments assisted by the world trade organizations prposals on the freedom of trade the Arab countries including the Arab Republic of Egypt has also implemented economic reform policies in accordance with lnternational recipes in an attempt to find away out of dealing with economic imbalances including balance of payments imblances .

The aim of the research was to identify the accounting measurement for sustainable development, to show the relationship between accounting measurement for sustainable development and financial reporting, and to indicate the impact of accounting measurement on sustainability on the financial reporting reports of GAS. The study sought to assume that there is no significant effect of the accounting elements on sustainability on the financial reporting reports of the company. The research found a number of results, the most important of which is that the company believes that reporting social and environmental responsibility may harm them and expose them to legal prosecution. There are no financial allocations from the Ministry of Oil sufficient to support accountability for sustainability (environmental, social, economic).

In this paper, the actual needs of water to be given to agricultural crops are determined. The paper sample was chosen as agricultural crops (Barley, Clovers, Broad bean, Onions, Mung bean, Yellow corn, Watermelon, Yellow melon, Finally the sesame) in Iraq. In addition, the amount of water lost during the transfer of water to the cultivated land was determined. All this was done using simple linear programming, Multi - purpose linear programming (De novo programming) Using the software program (WinQSB). As the year was divided into four periods to determine water needs during each period, and it was found that the largest water needs were found during the months (April-June) due to overlap between winter and summer season.

Synonymy is a linguistic term that can be defined as two or more words of similar and/or same meaning. It is part of the field of semantics. Synonymous words can sometimes replace each other but not always. Semantic loss, which can be in the form of overtranslation, undertranslation, or mistranslation for the source text, hence forth (ST), may result in an unacceptable translation because of partial or complete loss of meaning in the target text, hence forth (TT). It is a prevailing phenomenon in the translations of the Glorious Quran due to factors such as the lack of equivalent of some words in the target language, hence forth (TL).The study tries to find out how translators take the context into consideration in their translations in opting near-synonymy in the Glorious Quran.The study aims at evaluating the translation of near-synonymy based on a suggested model that is depended on context – analysis. The near-synonymous words chosen for analysis are: Jasad, Jisim and Badan. The study will refer to the following Quranic Translations for analysis:
1. The meaning of the Holy Quran by Abdullah Yusuf Ali (2002).
2. The Gracious Quran: A Modern-phrased interpretation in English by Dr. Ahmed Zaki Hammad (2007).
3. Towards Understanding the Ever-Glorious Quran by Dr. Muhammad Mahmud Ghali (2008).
The analysis of the Quranic Ayas will be as follows:
1. Presenting the aya where any of the near-synonymous occurs (jasad, jisim or badan ) in the ST followed by the translations.
2. Explaining the linguistic meaning of each word.
3. Analyzing the context of these words of near-synonyms in Arabic.
4. Evaluating the appropriateness of the selected translations based on the model of context-analysis.
The results show that translators frequently commit a partial or complete semantic loss of meanings mainly because of mistranslations, semantically complex vocabularies, and variation of culture.

Using and learning formulaic language is regarded significant to learn language, yet studying lexical bundles did not take its sufficient attention in learning and teaching language. Thus, the current research will try to define and explain the uses of the lexical bundles as formulaic sequences. Studies about lexical bundles starts with the original study of Bengt Altenberg in 1993 and 1998. These scholars shaped the methodology to identify the combinations of frequency-defined repeated words and joined the grammatical analysis with the functional one in classifying them. Obviously, the method of defining and categorizing formulaic units only relying on the occurrence frequency and the wide use benefits as being methodologically straightforward, even if scholars utilized various criteria of frequency and distribution. The initial frequency that decides the bundles number to be contained in the list extended from (10-40) times/million words. When working with lexical bundles in such ways to compare individual words in corpora of various sizes, the results may be unpredictable; therefore, extra researches and studies are required to prove their validity (Biber, Conrad & Cortes, 2004).

"Endgame" is one of Samuel Beckett's well-known dramas in addition to "Waiting for Godot". It is described as a complex voyage that is written before we may understand the way to read or criticize such drama. Attempting to comprehend "Endgame" means comprehending its mystery. "Endgame" is an experience through which man lives an isolation while he misses the lost past to have a sense of meaning and identity. Isolation, sterility relations and death result in pain and worry in the environment the characters live in. The play opens with a silent show, no words at all. The setting is a small room with two small windows , two covered dustbins, a chair in the centre, and a door. The light in the room is grey. The chair in the middle is covered by a sheet. Clov, one of the characters, holds the ladder, moves from one window to the other to open the arras. Then, he removes the sheet from the only chair that lies in the middle of the room to wake up Hamm, the main character or one can say the master of the game. The main event in the play is the relationship between Hamm and Clov and whether Clov is going to leave Hamm or not. Hamm provides shelter and food, while Clov provides his services through his legs and eyes. The current research addresses the Sterility Relationship between the characters of "Endgame".

This study aims at investigating the meaning of causative constructions as they are used in English pop songs as a simple form of songs that have a popularappeal , for their language could be understood by regular people. Due to the importance of causation in languages there has been a need to analyze its forms
in different discourse fields .Causation is a “relation between two events” (Von;Martin; Ekkehard ;Wulf;&Wolfgang,2002:p886;Nolan ;Elke&Gurdrun;2015:p2;Guliquin,2010:p18).The study follows Dixon’s nine semantic parameters(2000) as a model for the analysis .It tries to shed light on whether this form for the semantics of verbs constructions are used .The study ends with the result that :as any type of discourse ,causative verbs serves to convey a deep meaning for the message of the songs ,the songs depend very much on how to employ causation to say what the lyrics try to .
Key Words: Causer , Causative construction ,event chain

The study aims at showing that both simile and metaphor are used by poets to convey their emotions and feelings. While the first device is a direct one because it can be distinguished by discursive markers which are “like”, “as” and “such”, the second is indirect losing any discursive markers. The study shows that these two devices cannot be neglected in poetry to convey the intended messages. It also shows that the selected two poems which belong to different cultures tackle same topics depending on these two devices with a tiny difference.

This paper explores the nature of racial inequality in America, both in terms of its historical variations and contemporary realities represented by a selected woman character (Pecola) in Toni Morrison’s work The bluest eye. Pecola believes that beauty and self-respect are connected with the color of the skin and whiteness, Toni Morrison as a black writer wants to reflect the struggles and difficulties which confront the black women community in united states represented by her black character girl Pecola , she can’t accept herself as a black girl in white people society and search for a way to get rid of her self-loathing and and her low self-respect, this way of thinking shows how the white beauty standards affect on the black community. Morrison through out her work wants to make the world aware of the misery and gloomy life of the black women in united states , Pecola has nothing to do with her black skin and its her nature , as one kind of racism , Pecola ill-treated and degraded and this is the reason of her desire that pushed her to wish to gain a blue eyes , to be accepted black girl by her community and settle in peace.