Basra studies journal

Geographical information systems have provided the maximum possibility to study various geographical phenomena because of the great options that it provides to researchers and scholars, including the possibility of tracking and studying the historical development of cities and the various uses or advantages of the land, especially urban transport in them. The current study tries to examine the fertile from 1982-2022 AD and how this development occurred, with explaining the method of work with sequential logical steps supported by photograph illustrations.

The Husseini poem is characterized by its quantitative; rhetorical, fictional and poetic qualities. These qualities make it a fertile field for research. One feature we can study is the poetic images in the Husseini poem. So, this study will analyze the stylistic and other features of the Husseni poem written in standard Arabic employing the descriptive method.
The study argues that the poetic images are not restricted to any specific rhetorical categories, but are connected to all linguistic elements, imaginations, connotations and emotions. All this asserts the individuality of the author and helps create the poetic affect in the reader. The current paper also argues about the centrality of Husseni values in these poems and sources for the poetic imagination. This is achieved through constructing segments of meaning and then forging them into a complete whole.
Finally, the study recommends using the term “Husseini poem” and conducting more analytical studies on this kind of poetry, as well as compiling dictionaries of it.

The research aims to identify the geographical pattern of mortality of respiratory system diseases for patients of lung cancer and tuberculosis in Basrah Governorate for the period 2014-2019, and analyze some of the geographical factors that causing and affecting by discussing the temporal, spatial and demographic dimensions, as well as identifying some climatic elements responsible for the rise and fall of mortality in the study area. According to the statistics of the Basrah Governorate Health Department showing the mortality of diseases under the study take in their annual temporal behavior a similar pattern, finding that mortality have taken a upward trend in the early years of the study then declines in the recent years, as well as discussing seasonal changes, referring to the factors that affecting in the spread of diseases and increasing mortality. Some variables such as climatic elements have an effect on increasing and decreasing mortality, so noticing that the mortality under the study are spread in all administrative units with a quantitative variation in the rates of mortality of diseases between administrative units in terms of spatial concentrations, as the mortality of these diseases tend to be concentrated in the main urban environments such as Basrah and Zubair district. The variation of digital data is related to the nature of going to the health institutions and documenting the place infection or perhaps there are a number of factors that helped in the appearance of these diseases, also the research explain the study of the demographic dimensions of the mortality of these diseases, as they affect both sexes and all age groups in varying proportions, and this is what was shown through mortality rates.

To counteract the high concentration of salinity in the waters of Shatt Al-Arab River, a cut-off dam was proposed in three locations, namely Ras Al-Bishah, Abu Flus and the Ktaiban site. The current study aims to reveal the different environmental impacts of the dam in these three sites before its implementation, in order to reduce those effects and choose the best sites. The study revealed that the dam at the Ras Al-Bishah site will create major changes in all the hydrological characteristics of the river, including the elimination of the phenomenon of tides, and the construction of the dam in Abi Floss and Kitiban will deprive the river course of the water releases of the Karun River. It is possible that the impact of human pollutants sources at the Ktaiban site is limited compared to the sites of Ras Al-Bishah and Abu Flus. The impact of ground water can be significant on the quality of the river water reserved in front of the dam when the dam is constructed at Ras Al Bisha site, while the effect of ground water decreases when the two sites are chosen. The construction of a dam at the site of Katiban could contribute to an increase in the concentration of dissolved salts in the river water behind the dam, which would negatively affect the residents of the city of Basra and the foundations of engineering construction and economic activities. The construction of the dam at Ras Al-Bishah site or the Abu Flous site will negatively affect the river navigation compared to the Ktaiban site. The construction of the dam in all the elected sites will reduce the energy of the river to carry sediments, so the currents and sea waves in the Arabian Gulf will sculpt and demolish the coastal area, which will cause Iraq to lose an area of vital space in the regional waters.

The research revealed lots of problems that the drinking water services suffering from، these greatly affected the quantity and quality of water in the district. In addition to the lack of sources of nourishing water in the city، it was limited to the specified amount of water from Al-Abbas project، which depends on Bid’ah water Canal in addition to the far distance of this source from the city which is about 240 km. this leads to pollution of the transported water and exposes the pipes to many problems، including cracks and blockages in the network، which cause a decrease in the amount of raw water reaches the complexes and treated water that reaches the city’s neighborhood. Water supply system in the city suffers from many problems affecting its work and disrupt it, and on the other hand lead to its weak ability to meet the increasing demand for pure water and to the lack of water supply and the deterioration of the quality of water reaching the city .

The research means studying the basic plans of the city of Basra and its designs since the beginning of its establishment to the present time and investigating the reasons that contributed to impeding the implementation of some of its parts and the modifications that have taken place on them, as well as the extent to which they fulfill the requirements that the city needs. The reluctance to implement as a result of the lack of expertise of the competent local cadres, as well as the absence of reliable official statistics on which to know the population increases and migrations towards the city and the various services it requires.

This research aims to Study and analyze the density of passenger car traffic on the Southern roads in the district of Qurna in order to identify the extent of the Variation in the intensity of this movement and what are the reasons behind this Movement.
Among the most important results of this movement that the road (Al-Qurna district – the city of Basra) ranked first in terms of the traffic of pedestrian transport vehicles, while the road (Al-Qurnadistrict – Al Hartha district) ranked as the second. The Second topic that study dealt with was car transportation on the road to Al-Qurna – Al Hartha district. Regarding the third part of the study, it dealt with car transportation on the Qurna district– City of Basra.

Commercial streets are the center for social and cultural activities, as they embody the aesthetic response to life. As a result of the rapid changes in urban life in the city of Baghdad, represented by population growth, scientific and technological development, and citizens’ quest to obtain their services and needs, to achieve job opportunities and commercial investment, and for the failure to implement many of the basic design requirements regarding the hierarchy of services as stated in the certified basic design of the city of Baghdad. The neglect of the outlets for a long period of time led to the difficulty of rehabilitating these service centers, which now suffer from several planning problems, and for the purpose of relieving pressure on these commercial centers, the commercial streets appeared quickly without prior planning for it. The commercial streets in the city of Baghdad are one of the most important of these streets, as they serve the residents of the Saydiyah area and the neighboring areas, but due to the absence of oversight and the lack of commitment to building and construction controls set by the Municipality of Baghdad for commercial streets, there have appeared a number of planning problems that affected the functional efficiency of the commercial street represented by the misuse of the land And the difference in consistency in the facades of buildings and traffic problems, so the research came to determine the negatives and positives of these streets in general. And finding appropriate solutions to achieve the highest functional efficiency of the commercial street in a manner that preserves the structure and privacy of the city, which the city enjoys in general.

Iraq is among the countries closely linked to the foreign sector and relies heavily on foreign trade in drawing up its economic policies and meeting most of its needs of essential, luxury and capital goods. However, the available sea ports currently do not meet that purpose due to the widening ranges of consumers and investment demand in Iraq recently. Thus, the need became more urgent to expand the established ports and to establish new ones.
This research aims at revealing the importance of the big port of Al-Few in activating and revitalizing the Iraqi maritime traffic and its impact on the maritime transport activity and its economic returns. The completion of its construction through its impact on international transport trends as it is a land bridge between East and West, in addition to the great economic advantages that the port will bring to the Iraqi economy and in increasing the movement of commercial activity. Therefore, the great port of Al-Faw project will provide the global economy with the delivery of the trade of Asian countries to Europe and vice versa through Iraqi territory in the shortest period and in the safest manner, this will lead to strengthening Iraq's economic position. Al-Kabir and the geographical components that contribute to the development and establishment of the Al-Faw Al-Kabir port, the importance of establishing the port and its role in Iraqi maritime navigation, as well as the potential economic effects of the Al-Faw Al-Kabir port.

Water is the main constituent of life. There can be no life or any form of it without water. The rise of human civilizations throughout history was linked to the presence of water, the first civilizations of man were established on the banks of rivers. Finding water was at the forefront of the goals of human space exploration, because water means life, and finding this important element means the possibility of finding other living creatures or certain forms of life. The research deals with studying of an important problem that the city of Al-Zubair suffers from, which is the problem of pure water, as the city suffers from many problems, including the inadequacy of the running water for drinking, as well as a clear shortage of pumping hours, the city also suffers from many losses due to breaks in the transport network. The research reached a set of conclusions, including that the running water in the city of Al-Zubair is not suitable for drinking because of the suspension of filtering and filtration processes in the Shuaiba project, which is the largest project in the city.

The Present research aimed at conducting and investigating the reality of Basra Training Institute library in terms of human resource preparation, the information services provided, library collection and its organization suitability of the building and the furniture and the budget allocation. The documentary method was adopted to study the topic theoretically was the descriptive approach, which is a case study on the practical side the interview and observation tools were used to obtain data and information for the interview tools were adopted with the officials of the Institute.
The research reached a set of result, including:
1. There is currently no specialist in the field of information and libraries who work in the library.
2. A large part of the library collection consisted of gifts, which affected the balance of the collection and being not suitable.
3. The limited library space, which negatively affected the development of the library collection.
4. Its services are limited to lending, reference service, and automated search, and it does not provide other services
Research concluded with a site of recommendation
1.the necessity of providing specialized human resource to work in the field of information and libraries
2.Establishing a specific policy for the mechanism for accepting donations to restore balance to the library.
3.Expanding the space allocated for the library.
4. providing information services that keep pace with recent developments in the field information and it’s not limited to traditional services such as lending.

According to several definitions, translation is the process of transferring information from one language into another. Many academics are interested in translation, which has recently gained more prominence. It has made a significant contribution to bridging many civilizations throughout the world, which has enhanced general human understanding. The rendering style presents the translator with a number of challenges while translating Across Arabic and English. Since a translator concentrates on words as discrete units, his/her translation errors are mostly due to this fact. This article, thus, addresses a number of stylistic errors in the process of translating Arabic into English literary text. The primary stylistic errors in the majority of translated texts are addressed by specific root causes such as, grammatical errors, mistranslation errors, lexical-interferences errors and inconsistency errors. Translation errors, in other words, properly demonstrate that the translator's job is multifaceted; for, s\he needs an understanding of the linguistic, cultural, and the unique characteristics of the target language.