Iraqi Journal for Applied Science

This paper introduces a new trigonometric distribution, named the Cosine Lomax (CLM) distribution. This distribution is a combination of the Lomax distribution and the Cosine-G family of distributions. Among the many mathematical moments, moment-generating function, incomplete moments, and the quantile function. We try to determine the model parameters using the maximum likelihood estimation method. Simulation studies evaluate the effectiveness of maximum likelihood estimators using bias and root mean square error. We applied the CLM distribution to two real-world datasets and tested for consistency using the Akaike information criterion, the consistent AIC, the Hannan-Quinn information criterion, the Bayesian information criterion, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov p-value, Cramer Von-Mises, and Andersen-Darling. The CLM model fared better when compared to the following distributions: Lomax, Inverse Lomax, Inverse Weibull, Burr Type X, Rayleigh, and Exponential, as well as measures of data set fit

In recent years, applications of deepfake, particularly to achieve political, economic, or social reputation aims, have been become widespread. These applications do not require high-level professional technical skills. Also, deep learning techniques likeGenerative Adversarial networks(GANs)have enhanced deepfake, making it more realistic. So, several researchers are looking for developing an effective method to detect a fake image or video. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of several proposed deepfake generation approaches and the approaches used to detect any manipulation. Based on feature extraction methods, this study provides an extensive review of face manipulation,especially focusing on facial swap, re-enactment, and attribute manipulation. Additionally, the study describes all existing deepfake methods and evaluates the presented detection models based on the most effective deep learning algorithms by comparing their respective evaluation metrics. Moreover, it presents the challenges and gapes in trying to enhance and develop deepfake detection techniques. It assists readers in understanding the generation and detection of deepfake mechanisms and presents the fieldlimitations and future works

Nowadays, due to the circulation of information among people, information security has become an important requirement to protect information from hacking. Many techniques have been discovered to protect this information and maintain its confidentiality from hacking, the most prominent of which are cryptography and steganography techniques. In this paper, a hybrid system based on three levels to hide information usingJoint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) color images, where this system works in both processes sender and receiver. The sender process at the first level uses a mixing of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA), while at the second level uses a Fuzzy Stream Algorithm (FSA) adds a higher complexity and eliminatesthe non-linearity of the encrypted information. The third level is to hide encrypted information using the Least Significant Bit (LSB) technique, while the receiver process, performs the reverse process of three levels. This system provides high information embedding capability and the inability to perceive hidden information, the system was evaluated based on criteria like Peak Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE), Structure Similarity (SSIM), and correlation, which were characterized by high and good rates. The study was compared with modern steganography techniques

This research is based on one simple and good method for determining sulfanilamide in its pure state and in pharmaceutical preparations. Spectrophotometric determination of Sulfanilamide using the azo coupling reaction in an aqueous solution and several standard solutions were prepared. The optimal conditions were also studied. The effects of the type of acid and its volume, the influence of the base type and its volume, the effect of reagent volume (100 μg/ml), the effect of reaction time on the color stability of the product, the effect of adding sequence, the solvent effect, and the effect of temperature on the formation and stability of the colored product. The product for the Sulfanilamide drug is auburn at a wavelength of 489 nm; the method obeyed Beer's law in a range of concentrations ranging from 1–12 μg/ml; and the molar absorptivity was 28840.76 L/mol.cm. Sandal's sensitivity (0.00091 μg/cm), detection limit (0.2472 μg/ml), correlation coefficient value 0.9984, and RSD% value 0.01365, By applying the method to a pharmaceutical preparation containing Sulfanilamide, the recovery value ranged between 102.1306%

A rapid, simple, sensitive, spectroscopic, ion pair complex method was developed for valsartan (VAL ) in pharmaceutical forms. Resazurin dye was used to form an ion pairing complex with the drug valsartan. analytical characteristics of the proposed method are Beer’s law range =10-60 (μg/mL), correlation coefficient (R2) = 0.9976, limit of detection (LOD) = 0.1076(μg/mL), limit of quantification (LOQ) = 0.3261 (μg/mL), recovery percentage (%Rec) = (101.9626% -95.6074%), relative standard deviation (%RSD)=0.6188% -0.7148%, Molar absorption (ε)= 4659.85(L/mol.cm), Sandell's index(S) = 0.093458(μg/cm2),at wavelength 495 nm . The results showed high accuracy and precision of the proposed quantification method for the valsartan drug , and it was of high accuracy and consistent

One of the most difficult tasks in modern medical societies is the process of identifying a cure for many infectious diseases caused by drug-resistant microbes. Therefore, it has become necessary to discover new compounds that work in this regard. The currently prepared Schiff base, derived from thiazole, has a biological activity against bacteria and biofilms and its activity increases when it is associated with copper, zinc and platinum ions and forms metal complexes. This study highlights the synthesis and evaluation of novel biological compounds as inhibitors of bacterial growth and biofilms. A three newly complexes are resulting from the reaction of a new Schiff base ligand (LC) with metal ions (Zn, Cu, Pt). The new ligand (LC) was prepared from the reaction of precursor (P) and benzenecarbaldehyde. The prepared compounds were characterized by1H&13CNMR, FTIR, UV-Vis, Magnetic susceptibility, CHNS and Molar conductivity. It was determined that the anti-bacterial activity of the newly synthesized Lcand (Cu-Lc) was mightily significant towards more antibiotic-resistant bacteriaand had low (MIC) values. Like that, anti-biofilm inhibitory of the same compounds showed 100% of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosaand S. aureus in 16 and 32 mg/ml respectively, whereas (Zn-Lc) were inhibited 100% in 4 mg/ml. On the other hand (Pt-Lc) inhibited 100 % in 2 mg/ ml. Good yield was obtained from the synthesis of new compounds from the starting material. They can be potential candidates as inhibitors of bacteria and biofilms

A diazotization method was used to synthesize new azo compounds, to which phenol was subsequently added to diazonium salt solution in basic medium at temperatures ranging from 0 to 5 °C and compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The potential of the compounds as acid-base indicators was tested by determining their ionization and protonation constants at different pH levels (1 to 14) using a DMSO solution of the synthesized compounds. UV-Vis spectra shown as maximum wavelength (380-390 nm) observed at pH 1-7 occurs, indicating the cationic formula (protonated form of compound H2 and H4), another peak (470-530 nm) appears at pH 8-13, indicating the ionic formula (deprotonated form of compound H2 and H4), where for compound H5 observed at 560 nm at pH 1-7. Another peak appears 505 nm at pH 8-13 attributable to absorption the ionic formula (deprotonated form of compounds H5). Molecules H2, H4, and H5 showed distinct color changes when shifted to acidic and basic conditions. Furthermore, these compounds showed exceptional accuracy in drawing conclusions about the phenomenon

Pregnylis a placental hormone, produced mainly during the entire period of pregnancy, making it the vital sign for detecting pregnancy. The current study shed light on effect of Pregnyl on histological structure of testes in Albino mice. The study included 15 mice, and animals are divided into two groups. First group included five mice and second group included ten mice. They were placed in separate cages with continuous monitoring and cleaning throughout the study. First group was injected with Pregnyl at a concentration of 0.1 mg. /kg and the second group at a concentration of 0.2 mg/kg for a period of 30 days. After the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed, dissected, and their testicles were removed for the purpose of histological study. The outcome of this study shows that the animals in the two empirical groups which treated by Pregnyl showed changes in thickness of seminiferous tubules of testis wall and their shrinkage, as their manifestation becomes wavy and offbeat. furthermore, atrophy was noted in a few of seminiferous tubules, and the sloughing and exhaustion of some germ cells and their accumulating in lumen of seminiferous tubules. Additionally, degeneration was observed in some Sertolic cells

The current study was carried out to detect the active compounds in both the aqueous extract of a Rosmarinus officinalisL. plant and the extract of cell suspensions and compare with the extract of the endophytic fungus Alternaria alternataisolated from the leaves of a R. officinalis plant. Callus was induced from the leaves of rosemary plants, and the highest induction ofcallus formed reached 100% when treated with a concentration of 1-Naphthaleneacetic Acid (NAA)2.0 mg. L-1, compared to the control treatment, which had an induction rate of 0%. the highest fresh weight of callus was 1.628 gm in the presence of NAA. The callus induced in the presence of NAA was charactrized by its fragile texture. cell suspensions were also obtained from it. fungus extract was superior in its content of active compounds to the aqueous extract and cell suspension cultures at 21 days. The total alkaloid content which were 6.65%, phenolic content were 117.25 mg.gm, flavonoid content were 104.35 mg.gm, total terpenoid content was 6.65%, total steroid content was 6.05% and the concentration of rosmaric acid was 154.7%. The results of the current study confirm the single receptor of endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants as one of the important sources of effective compounds

Burns, asevere form of soft tissue injury , can cause significant damage and, in extreme cases, be fatal. They also lead to considerable mental and emotional distress due to excessive scarring and skin contractures. Desp ite various treatment methods, burn care remains a challenging medical issue.In this study , titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanop articles were sy nthesized and characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron M icroscop y (FE-SEM ), revealing p article sizes ranging from 31.52 to 69.08 nanometers.The imp act of biosy nthetic nanomaterials and sesame seed oil on burn healing in laboratory rats was investigated. The study comp ared the effects of a 1% TiO2solution and 20% sesame oil on burned skin with a control group of rats having natural skin.Fifteen rats were divided into three group s, each receiving daily treatment for 28 day s. The results indicated that the TiO2treatment significantly accelerated healing comp ared to the sesame seed oil group , which had a slower healing rate of 0.12 p oints p er day . The TiO2treatment demonstrated a marked imp rovement in healing sp eed and effectiveness