Journal of Basrah Researches (Sciences)

This study aims to show the swelling properties of surface soils in selected areas of Al-Faw city/south of Basra governorate and their effect on the engineering behavior of these soils. Three test wells were drilled at a depth of five meters each in three selected locations distributed in the north, center and south of Al-Faw city. The values ​​of clay content, liquidity limit and plasticity coefficient were used to determine the swelling potential of the soils of the study area. The results of the volumetric analysis of the particles show that the soil samples extracted from Al-Faw city are 63%. Therefore, one sample is considered - it is silty clay and clay silt, the clay content in it is between 22 and 63% with a high swelling potential, while the rest of the samples are considered to have very high swelling potential. The results of the Atterberg limit tests show that the liquidity limit is 55%, and three samples are considered to have medium swelling potential, while the remaining samples - in the soil samples it ranges between 35 and 27%, and four samples are considered to have medium swelling potential while - it has high swelling potential. The values ​​of the plasticity modulus range between 16 & 16 & 16 The remaining samples are considered to have high swelling potential.

The energy levels of Osmium 174-180P nuclei were studied using the interacting boson model. In order to study the effect of Os on the nuclear properties, cubic terms and the term representing the triaxialty interactions were added to the Hamiltonian of the system. The probability of electric quadrupole transition for these isotopes was calculated. From the comparison of the low energy levels before and after adding the triaxial interactions, the effect of the triple quadrupole interaction term IBM–(Q×Q×Q) OsP on the energy spectrum of the osmium isotopes was clearly shown. The potential energy surface of Osmium 174-P isotopes was studied and the shape of these nuclei was determined. The obtained results were compared with the available experimental values ​​and through good agreement it was shown that the model is capable of describing the nuclear structure of these nuclei.

The results of the current study, which addressed the chemical aspects of the tissue distribution of calcareous corpuscles in the tapeworm Amphicotyle heteropleura, through the Von kossa (vk) technique, revealed that the distribution of these calcareous corpuscles was abundant in the active and highly metabolic organs of the worm, such as the reproductive organs (female and female). And the male (spleen, longitudinal muscles and visceral tissue). As for the form of that, the current study shows the existence of variation in the shape of the calcified bodies, which showed a multiplicity that became clear from the results, which leads to an increase in the background information about those bodies and the overlap of their role with various metabolic activities and with the process of biological (biological) mining. Biomineralization is the process that the worm performs inside its body to ensure the continuity of the tapeworm and the permanence of its parasitism in its host.

The effect of three angles P85, P100, P degrees between the modified plow positions of the local plow with fixed angle P70P and the effect of four forward speeds of 1.65 m/s, 2.34 m/s, 4.10 m/s and 4.46 m/s on some field performance characteristics such as cross-sectional area, plow depth, plow width, traction force, specific resistance and energy efficiency was studied, and new plow dimensions were reached that meet crop needs. The drill was made in the Department of Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - University of Basra and a simple mechanical mechanism was used to change the angle between the two drills and the engine speed was used 1500 rpm with the four speed and the soil was a mixture of silty clay, fragile and the experiment was planned according to the complete random sector design. 70 ° in the characteristics of the cross-sectional area and the width of the drill, it was recorded, ° The results showed a significant superiority of the 100 ° angle over the two angles 85 0.07 m2 and a width of 0.95 m versus 0.75 m, 0.70 m compared to the two angles, an area of ​​0.11 m2 versus 0.08 m2 85 and 70 degrees respectively and in general, a drill was obtained with a width ranging from 0.70 m to 0.95 m and an average depth of 0.23 m. The forward speed of the drill did not affect the cross-sectional area and the width and depth of the drill. The angle had a direct effect on the drag force, specific resistance and energy efficiency. The interaction between forward speed and angle had a significant effect, as it led to an increase in the depth characteristic and did not affect the other characteristics.

The hepatopancreas of Exopalaemon was studied morphologically and histologically, and it was found that it occupies the posterior half of the thoracic subsellar region and is colored in different colors such as yellow, brown and pink. The hepatopancreas appears in a saddle-like shape consisting of two unequal lobes. Each lobe contains a secondary branch duct and tubular secretory units that open into the secondary duct through a small duct. The secondary duct of each lobe unites with its counterpart in the other lobe in the anterior part of the gland to form the main duct of the gland, which in turn opens into the pyloric part of the stomach. The secretory tubules of the gland are lined with pseudostratified epithelium composed of five types of cells: embryonic cells (E-cell), absorptive cells (R-cell), fibroblast cells (F-cell), barrel cells (B-cell), and basal cells (M-cell).

The present study using sublethal concentration of selenium in shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense showed that the ppm value was 0.88 = Lc50. The toxicity effect of 2% of Lc50 on the stages of moulting (premoult, moult, postmoult) was shown in all stages of moulting in the tail fan, the nature of the disposition of pigments and the appearance of new hairs. In comparison with control animals, chaos was observed in the cuticle of the shrimp, which means incomplete moulting and then slow growth followed by death of the animal.

The current study was conducted with the aim of testing the ability of some aquatic plants to repair ecosystems through their accumulation of pollutants within their tissues and the possibility of getting rid of these pollutants, especially heavy elements. Two plants, Ceratophyllum demersum and Hydrilla verticillata, were used by exposing them to different concentrations (10, 30, 20 mg/L) for five weeks in the laboratory. The accumulation rate of these elements (Fe, iron, Co, cobalt, Cd) was estimated for each of the elements (cadmium, chlorophyll-a concentration, and protein content within the tissues of the two plants. Their biomass was also estimated. The H verticillata plant was more efficient in withdrawing and accumulating heavy elements within its tissues, as it reached about (97.2 H verticillata), which had an accumulation rate of (53.5, 173.6) µg/g compared to the C. demersum plant, which was 126.5, 68.5 ) μg/g for cadmium, cobalt and iron respectively, and the plant, 94.3

was more affected in growth as the total chlorophyll rate decreased at a concentration of 50 mg/L for the last week of exposure, reaching 0.0017 (mg/g for each of H. and C. demersum, 0.0047, 0.0003) mg/g and (0.0009, 0.0059, 0.0004) mg/g exposed to the effects of cadmium, cobalt and iron respectively, as the results of the statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between the different concentrations, as well as the protein content, which reached (0.44 (P<0.05) 18.95)% for each of the elements cadmium, iron and cobalt respectively, and this is what ,18.06,12.81) H. verticillata with an effect on reducing its biomass, as the lowest biomass recorded in the last week of the experiment at a concentration of 50 mg/L (P/2.4) g fresh weight, for both cobalt and cadmium is (3.3 2 respectively, compared to the control plants that reached P (P/15.6) g fresh weight)

This study was conducted in the tissue culture laboratory of the Department of Life Sciences - College of Education - University of Basra during the period from October 2010 to December of the same year, to test the efficiency of plant parts taken from the cultivated seeds in inducing callus tissue of two tomato varieties, Mill. esculentum Lycopersicon, under sterile conditions. The following parts were tested: roots, lower embryonic stem, cotyledonous leaves, and true leaves at two different ages: one week and two weeks. The sterilized seeds were planted on MS salts medium only to obtain sterile seedlings, and then the parts were cultured with the following materials: 30 g/l of MS, to which sucrose was added at a concentration of 30 g/l of plant material taken from it on Pyrodoxine-Hcl and Nicotinic acid (with the addition of 4 mg/l Thiamine-HCl, Glycine and NaR2RHPOR4R) of auxin (NAA) acetic acid Naphthalene and 3 mg/l of cytokanin (2ip adenine isopentenyle 0.5 mg/l of acid Gibberellic acid (GA3). After four weeks, the following were calculated: -
1- Fresh weight of callus formed from each plant part
2- The time period required to induce callus formation.
The results showed that the variety Awward achieved a significant superiority in the time period required to induce callus tissue formation from plant parts at the age of one week and at the age of two weeks compared to the variety Super Marimmond. It also showed that the same variety was significantly superior in the rate of The cotyledon is the best in the fresh weight of the formed callus and for all plant parts used in this experiment. The leaves were the callus inducer as well as in the fresh weight of both varieties.

The effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of ginger Zingiber officinale, as well as fresh juice and powder solution, was studied on a number of fungal isolates belonging to three types of fungi (two isolates for each type), namely Aspergillus Penicillium notatum, Aspergillus flavus, and niger. All extracts showed a clear inhibitory effect against most of the isolates at a concentration of (400) mg/ml. The fresh juice recorded the highest inhibition than the rest of the extracts, as it reached (42) mm while the highest value of the diameter of the inhibition zone was A.flavus against the fungal isolates, and it ranged between (150 MIC). The minimum inhibitory concentration of the alcoholic extract (30) mm against the fungal isolates was 350) mg/ml. The results of the research showed that ginger extracts, especially fresh juice, have a clear effect in inhibiting the growth of these fungal isolates.

Thirty-four Slender-billed Gulls Larus genei were captured from Al-Mashab marshes north of Basra. The birds were examined for parasitic worms. Two birds were found to be infected with the nematode Pectinospirura argentata with an infection rate of 5% and an infection severity of 9. This nematode was recorded for the first time in Iraq. It was described and photographed by camera.

The viability of the eggs of the cat tapeworm Taenia eformis and the ability of the eggs to cause infection were studied, using eggs of different ages (3 days, a week, and a month or more). It was found that there is an inverse relationship between the age of the eggs and the infection rate. In this study, an infection was caused close to the infection that occurs in nature, using the smallest possible number of eggs (10 eggs). The process of transmitting the infection with the eggs of the cat tapeworm through the Intraperitoneal injection of eggs into laboratory animals.