Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science

Sea salt acquires importance in the process of precipitation formation through its hygroscopic nature. and its role in accelerating the droplet formation process within a moisture saturation less than if it was not present. In this work, the maps of precipitation distribution with sea salt aerosol optical thickness (AOT) as well as moisture flux and wind at an altitude of 50 meters were compared. The data of Three rainy cases, characterized by heavy rains and moisture feeding from the Red Sea were selected.Theyare respectively 13 to 15 November 2018, 1 December 2018, and 27 to 29 January 2019. Cloud top temperature (CTT) data were obtained from Meteosat satellites (Meteosat9, and 10). Total Precipitable water (TPW) and sea salt (AOT) were obtained from Model projects: a modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications 2 (MERRA-2). the correlation coefficient (R) was used to test the relation between the variables like Total Precipitable water (TPW), Cloud top temperature (CTT), precipitation, and Sea Salt AOT. The results showed that there is a good correlation between the sea salt AOT and the amount of precipitation. The work also showed the roles that other variables play in the precipitation process. Where the relationships showed values of correlation coefficients about 0,6 to 0,7 between the variables, leading to the enhancement of precipitation

Stratospheric temperature changes are very important for climate systems through atmospheric circulation and stratosphere-troposphere coupling. The relationship between solar modulation potential SMP as a measure of solar activity and variation of temperature in upper, middle and lower stratosphere over Iraq for the period 1948-2014 (for about five solar cycles) has been presented in this study. For upper, middle and lower stratosphere we found that stratospheric temperatures decreased, this descending trend is offset by obviously descending trend in solar activity for the same period. The correlation coefficients between annual solar modulation potential SMP and stratospheric temperature have been examined at pressure levels (10,20,30,50,70 mb) that represent the upper, middle and lower stratosphere over 67 years (1948 to 2014). All levels have positive correlation. The correlation coefficient (R) in upper stratosphere at level 10 mb has been 0.4, in middle stratosphere at level (20,30 mb) the correlation coefficient (R) has been 5.3 and 0.6 respectively. For lower stratosphere at level (50,70 mb) R has been 0.57 and 0.68 respectively

The concentrations and sources of the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons were determined in two leaf plants species Eucalyptus camaldulensis and phragmites australisat three stations in the areas around the Diyala-Baghdad Bridge Baghdad / Iraq from one time only January 2020. The results showed the highest mean concentration of PAHs in leaf plants species at A was 3.93 ng/g in E. camaldulensisand the lowest in B was 2.16 ng/g at phragmites australis. According to PAHsindices the Pyrene Ratio, Fluoranthene, Phenanthrene /Anthracene ratio, LMW/HMW ratio, Ant/(Ant/Phen) ratio, BaA/(BaA/Chry) ratio and InP/(InP+BghiP) ratio.These results indicate the possibility of introducing PAH sources in these types of plants from species of the leakage of pollutants to the area through which the main passed of the river Diyala River

The current study was intended to identify Aspergillus nigerisolated from different sources oil, peanut (pistachios, ground nut, walnuts, almonds and cashew), dried milk and factory waste water. Traditional methods were used to investigate the ability of Aspergillus nigerfor lipase production using T80 and T80 with phenol red agar and calculate Aspergillus nigerefficiency in this enzyme production. The results revealed that all isolates were able to produce lipase, and the efficiency of lipase production ranged between (0.90-2.21) mm. A50 isolate showed the highest efficiency in lipase production, which was isolated from factory waste water factory

Polylactic acid (PLA) has been synthesized via ring opening polymerization (ROP) for the Lactide cyclic dimmer under microwave irradiation with a constant power of 300W using ZnOcatalyst. The structural formula of PLA was established using spectroscopic techniques FTIR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR. The thermal properties were investigated using DSC and TGA techniques. The DSC thermogram exhibited two endothermic transitions at (115-132) C°which related to the melting of the polymer, while the TGA thermogram showed one main decomposition step at 265°C. The viscosity average molecular weight [MV̅̅̅̅] of the obtained polymer was (7.8×103gm/mol). The SEM morphology study exhibited homogenous and dense surface with no separate entities

AZO complexes synthesized by binding metal ions as Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II), with the ligand (L) [ethyl 4-((E)-(5-oxo-1-(((1E,2E)-3-phenylallylidene)amino)-2-thioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-4-yl)diazenyl)benzoate] was prepared from three steps ,first steppreparation Schiff baseproduct of condensation reaction by reaction Thiosemicarbazide with cinnamaldeyde,second step preparation the Imidazole ring close by reaction ligand 1with chloroethylacetate,finally preparation Azo ligand(Diazanium compound) by reaction ligand 2 with benzocain. Characterized the ligands and complexes in their solid state using the elemental micro analysis (C.H.N.S), flame atomic absorption. UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, magnetic susceptibility measurements, Mass spectrum, 1H-NMR spectra and electrical molar conductivity. These techniques produced comparable results with those obtained for the solid complexes. From the data of all techniques, octahedral geometry was proposed for Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexe

In this paper presents the R reliability mathematical formula of (3+1) Weibull Cascade model. The reliability of the model is expressed by Weibull random variables,which are stress and strength distributions. The reliability model was estimated by six dissimilar methods (ML, Mo, LS, WLS, Rg and Pr) and simulation was performed using MATLAB 2012 program to compare the results of the reliability model estimates using the MSE criterion, the results indicated that the best estimator among the sixestimators was ML

The purpose of this paper is present some operatorsby using polynomials operators of type ????????(????,????),????????(????,????),????????(????)and????????(????), to getthe degree of best one-sided multiplier approximation of unbounded functions by algebraic polynomials in ????????,????????(????),????=[0,1], by ????(????,????)????,????????

The present article proposes an exact algorithm for the single-machine scheduling problem to minimize the sum of total completion times, range of lateness and maximum tardiness on a single machine(1//(∑????????????+????????+????????????????)), where machine idle time is prohibited. In this paper, one of the multiobjective function problem for single criteria on just one machine is being studied. To obtain the optimal solution for the suggested problem, we propose to use Branch and Bound method(BAB) depending upon some dominance rules. This exact method used new technique to obtain three upper bounds(UB) and single lower bound(LB). The proposed BAB method proved its sufficiency by the practical results for n ≤ 15 in a reasonable time. Lastly, we proved a theorem as special case for our problem

In this article the fixed point of intuitionistic fuzzy quasi metric space instabilities on two metrics dx(f, g) and Dx(f, g) on complicity space Xhave been studied and presented in details depended on (0,1]-fuzzy contractive map. The illustrative example is proposed to explain the present results using quick sort algorithm

In this paper, studied the types of (k,r)-arcs were constructed by action of groups on the three-dimensional projective space over the Galois field of order eight. Also, determined if they form complete arcs or no

In this research, the effect of transition metal Zn doping to Bi PbSrCaCuO were studied. Various weight ratio (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1) of Zn to BiPbSrCaCuOwere prepared by using pulsed laser deposition Method (PLD). The effect of Zn doping to BiPbSrCaCuO were examined using a variety of characterization techniques, X-ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) this examination was done in the Islamic republic of Iran at University of Tehran. The XRD, reveals that Zn-doped BiPbSrCaCuO film crystallizes in tetragonal structure with mixture of two phases 2212 and 2223. The high phase 2223 increase with increasing Zn dopant especially was found higher at (Zn= 0.6, 0.8). The electrical properties of undoped and doped samples, were measured by four probe technique, the phase transition from normal resistivity to absence resistivity occurring at temperature called critical temperature Tc the values of TCfor variable Zn substitution in BiPbSrCaCuO recorded (97, 90, 95, 102) and super conducting behavior. The saturation magnetization (MS) was found higher for undoped as compared to doped samples

In this study, the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique is proposed to mitigatethe influence of an external electric field on the free space optical (FSO) communication. The main advantages oftheproposed technique are: decrease the attenuation (decrease bit error rate BER), improve data transmission at all divergence angles,and increase the quality (Q-factor)(even when it decreases at higher divergence angles). The importance of these results can be used to solve the problem of electric discharges that occurs on power transmission lines that interfere with the optical wireless system.

To investigate the effect of safranin additions on the optical properties of PMMA hosts, films of pure and doped polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with various volumes of safranin (S) dye solution (6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 35 ml) were equipped via the solution-casting method at room temperature. For an aim of assessing the kind of transition that was established to be indirect transition, these films were described using the method of UV/VIS. It showed absorption characteristic peak at 530 nm which increased with dye concentration until 24ml after that absorbance will decrease for (30 and 36) ml. The optical energy gap of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was (5.0 eV) and after doping PMMA polymer with safranin dye, the energy gap value of the PMMA films raised as the volume ratio of Safranin solution raised but for volume doping 24ml of safranin solution, the energy gap reduced. The intensity of solar radiation was measured for pure PMMA and safranin /PMMA films, for four consecutive days from 7 A.M. to 5 P.M. (17 hr.), at a rate one hour. It can be concluded that the ratio of the transmitted radiation intensity to the intensity of the sun's radiation for all films is equal for every hour and for all days

Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)polymer/ Acridine Orange (AO) dye films prepared via casting technique at room temperature. The effect of adding (Acridine Orange (AO) dye solution, Magnesium Oxide (MgO),and AluminumOxide (Al2O3) NPs) tothePVA polymer matrix were studied on the absorption spectra. The effect of AO addition on the absorption spectrum of PVA film is occurrence blue shift (5nm)from 280nm to 275 nmin the PVA and red shift (10nm)from 490nm to be 500 nmfor AO maximum absorbancewavelength. The absorbance of AO dye decreases whenadding PVA, but increases When the volume ratio of AO dye solution is increased to 0.49 for 18ml, the volume ratio of AO dye solution decreases for 24-and 30-ml volume ratios. Adding NPs led to enhancingthe photophysical properties of polymer composite, noted that absorbanceof adding alumina nanoparticles more than itisin the case of adding magnesia nanoparticles. Also, there is a 10 nm red shift in AO and a 5 nm blue shift in AO when theyareadded to the polymer matrix filled with MgO and Al2O3NPs

The dielectric materials ThF4, AlF3and LiF and with refract index n=1.5143 n=1.36 and n=1.393 respectively had been used for the optical design Glass/L/H/Air and for two cases Glass/AlF3/ThF4/Air and Glass/LiF/ThF4/Air for 30 layers and for design wavelengthλₒ=550 nm and quarterwave thicknesses. The results of this comparative study explain the peak of the gaussian curves.Itwill increase with increasing the layers but this increase is higher for Glass/AlF3/ThF4/Air and the width of the curves will decrease with increasing the number of layers for the two cases, this will fix the color of the coating and reflect narrow bandin the visible region. All results exhibit the coating with AlF3/ThF4is the best and more efficient for coloration and thermal gain than LiF/ThF4coating. This study is considered as a modern idea by comparing two multi-layer optical designs and exhibiting which one is better than the other in terms of the solar transmittance (τsol.), solar reflectance (ρsol.), visible reflectance (ρvis.) and coloring efficiency (M), and employ it in the field of building elements for façade solar collectors cladding

Pulsed laser deposition technique has been employed to prepare thin films of WO3nanoparticles on a glass substrate at 400K under vacuum (1 mbar) by the increasing of the substrate-target distance in the range of about (0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 cm).X-Ray diffraction(XRD), Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM)and UV-Visibleinvestigations have been observed the effect of substrate-target distance on the structuralandoptical properties of WO3nanoparticles thin films. Calculations of the transmittance data for all films were given the evidence to increase the optical bandgap values in the range (3.082, 3.046, 3.062and 3.105eV) when increasing the distance between the target and substrate in the range (0.5, 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 cm), respectively.