Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences

In the present study, a total of 75 mastitis milk samples were collected from cow and were analyzed for the presence of S.aureus. The obtained results indicate that this bacterium observed in 26.66%. The study of antibiotic susceptibility test to 9 different antibiotics showed that S. aureus was 100% resistant to penicillin and 100% sensitive to Vancomycin, Gentamycin , Clarithromycin and Chloramphenicol . Whereas for cefoxitin (alternative to methicillin) resistance was 50%.There were a variable resistance percentage for the rest of antibiotics: Tetracycline (30%), Ciprofloxacin and Clindamycin (22%). The biofilm-forming ability of S. aureus was evaluated via microtiter plates and the result revealed that, all the studied isolates were either moderate biofilm producer or weak biofilm producer while the non-biofilm producer and strong biofilm producer were not detected among the tested isolate. PCR analysis was applied to DNA extracted from S.aureus isolates from milk samples .The results of PCR assay revealed that all S.aureus isolates gave positive results for both icaA and icaD genes (100%) with Product size 151 and 211 bp, respectively. Results of this study indicate that biofilm producing S.aureus have a major role player on the occurrence of bovine mastitis in addition, there were high prevalence of MRSA isolates (50%) in mastitis milk at the study area.

the present study aims to study histopathological changes in the mycotic aborted and normal placenta of sheep ,in addition to study the levels of TNF-a in mycotic aborted and normal placenta by immunohistochimistry assay (IHC) Seventy five , samples of aborted placenta and twenty five of normal placenta were collected , during November 2017 to May 2018 from certain regions of AL-Najaf city . Placental samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffer formalin for 72 hrs for histopathological examination, paraffin embedded tissue belong to mycotic aborted and normal group were used for assessment of TNF alpha by immmunohistopathological study was carried out to determine TNF protein in the placenta sample. Histopathological examination showed suppurative necrotized placentitis, in addition to congestion of the blood vessels and fibrin deposition in the intera-villius space as well as calcium deposition in necrotized the necrotic area and fibrosis of stromal area in certain chorionic villi and sloughing and desquamation of syncytotrophoblast. Result of IHC of TNF alpha protein showed significant elevation in TNF alpha protein in inflammatory cell (macrophage) of aborted sheep placenta (increasing of intensity and score), while no changes could be observed for pro-inflammatory molecules in the control sample (normal delivery).

Sensitive and rapid diagnostic kits for avian influenza virus are required to screen large numbers of samples during a disease outbreak and to prevent the spread of infection. The aim of study is to investigate on avian influenza virus type A serotype H5 among different avian species in different district of Nineveh Governorate, Iraq using Anigen rapid H5 AIV Ag test kit. In this study, we employed One-step avian influenza virus type A and serotype H5 antigen test (Anigen rapid H5 AIV Ag test kit). The test was run out in different districts of Nineveh governorate, including broiler farms local poultry markets, and house poultry breedes (local breeds, broiler, and layers) as well as pigeon houses. Of tested 686 swab from total 241477 poultry samples were been tested, no avian influenza virus positive cases result were noted or confirmed by rapid screening test. No clinical signs were recorded in all examined poultry species. The study conclude that kit used for rapid diagnosis of avian influenza type A serotype H5 was easy, reliable and its interpretation less than thirty minutes.

The study was performed to detect cryptosporidiosis in animals in Duhok city /Kurdistan region of Iraq by examining 348 fecal samples of cattle and 280 of sheep using Modified Ziehl Neelsen Method (MZNM) to detect the oocysts of Cryptosporidium. A total of 233 fecal samples (129 cattle, 104 sheep) were randomly chosen to detect coproantigen of Cryptosporidium by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). By MZNM, the total rate of cryptosporidiosis was 26.15% , 11.07% in cattle and sheep respectively. The infection rates were 28.99%, 24.29% in diarrheic and non-diarrheic groups of cattle respectively. While in sheep; the infection rates were 23.26% and 5.67% in diarrheic and non-diarrheic groups, respectively. Out of 129 fecal samples of cattle, 31(24.03%), and 37 (28.68%) were positive by MZNM, and ELISA respectively. A total of 104 fecal samples of sheep, 23(22.12%), and 24(23.08%) were positive by MZNM, and ELISA, respectively. The highest infection rate by MZNM, and ELISA was among the age group 1-2 months in diarrheic cattle and sheep, while in non-diarrheic cattle and sheep, it was among 3-6 months age group. This study indicated that infection was associated with diarrhea in all ages and it decreased with increasing of age.

Vitamin C is an important water-soluble antioxidant, which plays necessary roles in an animal's body, especially in neonatal dairy calves. Neonatal dairy calves receive vitamin C from their dam, and in unique situations, it can cause problems within the calf, specifically skin lesions, or dermatosis. This study aims to determine the effects of vit. C deficiency on the skin and coat integrity of the neonate calves. In this study, 10 neonatal dairy calves were used. Five calves were served as the control group, and the other 5 calves were tested for clinically affected with ascorbic acid deficiency. The clinical findings showed that severe scaling, alopecia in different areas of the body, pinna erythematous, purpuric, and pruritus. Samples of plasma were collected to estimate the value of vitamin C and some blood film parameters. The findings also revealed that significant decreases in the level of vitamin C, counting of erythrocytes, concentration of haemoglobin, and packed cell volume. Furthermore, there were significant changes in the neutrophils. Histopathological results revealed hyperkeratosis and congestion in the skin layers. After affected calves were treated with vitamin C, there was improvement and gradual disappearing of the skin gross changes. This study found a close relationship between the vitamin C deficiency in dairy calves and dermatosis (skin integrity).

Blue wing is a diseased condition of discoloured skin of wing caused mainly by Chicken anaemia virus and or reovirus. This review designed to illustrate the causative agent/s and molecular structure of the disease, epidemiology and common characters referring to pubmed as a references search tool. The disease is major cause of anaemia in chicken and the virus possess the ability to induce apoptosis in numerous chicken derived cells and tumor cell lines.

Each living organism from microbes to primates, has its own immune regime, which differs in its strategies but most of the species are susceptible to infection by pathogens. Nevertheless, camels are resistant to most infections, especially mastitis as well as they can endure the stress in contrast to the cattle, therefore this study has focused on the immune perspective and occurrence of mastitis in the both species as it is very rare in camels. Also, summarized a new insight of utilizing the camel’s milk for the human health and reducing possible zoonotic pathogens. A noticeable difference in the immunity of both species and new trend of therapy have been demonstrated. Further research must be conducted to identify the therapeutic effect of camel’s milk on the human.

There are a limited data regarding to the role of the growth conditions on pathogenicity process of Candida albicans and if the host play a role in augmenting the virulence of this microorganism, this study focusing on the effect of environmental growth conditions of genotype A Candida albicans on SAP10 gene expression as one of the Secreted Aspartyl Proteinase super family genes that play a main role in Candida albicans pathogenicity process. Ten pathogenic strains of Candida albicans obtained from clinical cases were included in this study, genotyped according to 25s rDNA and grown on two different condition using RPMI1640 medium at for mimic host condition (under controlled condition in vitro) and also grown on Sabauroud Dextrose agar at 25 as in vitro condition, total RNA were extracted from each condition and evaluated using Pfaffle's equation. The results of this study exhibit that all tested isolates classified under genotype (A) Candida albicans with 450pb PCR product size of 25s rDNA, while SAP 10 gene expression data indicate that no significant expression pattern related to the different growth conditions and the expressions are related to the tested strains and no relation between Candida albicans growth conditions, strain genotype and SAP10 gene expression is approved in this study.

The present study was carried out in the animal house and laboratories of the College of Veterinary Medicine/ University of Basrah to investigate the oral administration of silymarin on oxidative stress biomarker, lipid peroxidation and reproductive function in alloxan induced diabetic of albino rats. After the period of acclimation, 32 male rats were divided into 4 equal groups with 8 animals in each as the following: Control group: Animals of this group administered distilled water, Silymarin group: administered silymarin (20mg/kg) dissolved in distill water orally by gavages. Alloxan treated (DM) group : were given alloxan intraperitoneal injection 150mg/BW, as single dose for induced diabetic mellitus and Alloxan + silmarin treated group : were injection alloxan intraperitonealy and then after 3 days, oral administered of (20 mg/kg bw ) silymarin . The experimental was continued for 45 day. At the end of the experiment, animals of each group were sacrificed, and blood samples were obtained for oxidative stress biomarker, Lipid Peroxidation and hormonal assessment and the caudal epididymis was then separated from the testicles for the evaluation of epididymal sperm characteristics, while the testes were kept in 10% neutral buffer-formalin for histopathological study. The results showed a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) , Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) , follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone, concentrations of DM group. On the other hand a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in epididymal sperm concentration, individual sperm motility, live sperm percentage and a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and sperm abnormalities percentage were recorded in DM group. Histopathological examination of the testes revealed marked suppression of spermatogenesis with absence of mature spermatocytes of DM group. Moreover DM groups treated with Silymarine showed normal oxidative biomarkers, hormonal concentration, epididymal sperm characteristics, and normal testicular tissues compare with control group.

This study was conducted in Basrah at period from August 2018 till February 2019. Six hindered (600) blood samples were collected from different fields of cattle suspected infected with LSD according to the clinical examination at Al Mudaina and Al Qurnah town, north of Basrah province to detect the antibodies against LSD (550 females, 50 males, 200 calves less than one year old, and 400 cows aged more than one year). The result revealed that, the overall prevalence of LSD in cattle was 18.66% ( 112 out of 600 ), the prevalence of disease in calves was 30% ( 60 out of 200 ) ;While in cow was 13% ( 52 out of 400 ), and there was significant differences in the prevalence of LSD between calves and cows ( P˂ 0.05 ). The prevalence of LSD in female was 16.3% (90 out of 550), while in male was 44% (22 out of 50), and there was significant differences in prevalence of LSD between males and females. The clinical study revealed that LSD was found in three clinical forms include nodular dermatitis observed in 104 cases (92.8%), arthritis in 20 cases (17.8%) and lymphadenopathy in 3 cases (2.5%).

Background: The increase emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistant Salmonella strains may contribute to a great risk on public health and impair classical treatment regime. The present study is aimed to investigate the prevalence of NTS in feces of broilers in four provinces in Iraq, and the resistance profile of isolates to clinically important antibiotics. Method: a total of 185 fecal samples were collected during the period from October2017 to March2018, from 28 broiler farms distributed in four governorates (Al- Najaf Al-Ashraf, AL-Qadyssia, Al-Muthana, and Babylon). Suspected Isolates of Salmonella were assayed for, detection of invA gene PCR, antibiotic susceptibility by Vitek-2. Results: The prevalence of NTS infection in 28 examined poultry flocks was 75,7%. High prevalence rate of NTS was observed in Babylon (91,7%), followed by Al-Qadyssia (72,7%) and Al-Muthana (70%), which significantly differed (P ≤ 0.01) than reported in AL- Najaf (50%). While the isolation rate was 21.6%. All Salmonella isolates were positive for the invA gene. The majority of isolates were resistant to Minocycline (87.5%) and Ciprofloxacin (85%) with P value ≤ 0.01. in addition to these, 55% of strains were resistant to Pipracillin, 52,5% to Ticarcillin (p ≤ 0.05), and 37,5% to Gentamycin. Fortunately, all isolates were susceptible to Amikacin, Meropenem, Imipenem, Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Ticarcillin/Clavulanic acid, followed by 97.5% of strains were sensitive to Ceftazidime, Cefepime and Aztreanam. Twenty (50%) isolates were exhibited multiple resistance to three or more different antibacterial classes with different resistance profiles. In conclusion, high prevalence of Salmonella and MDR Salmonella was found in broiler farms located in four Iraqi provinces.

The present study was aimed to investigate the role of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on reproductive hormonal profile in adult male Wister rats treated with hydrogen Peroxide. Forty adult male rats were divided randomly into four equal groups (10 rats /group) and were handled daily as follows for 56 days: Control group (C) were intubated distilled water and received tap water ; group T1 were intubated 60mg/kg B.W of ALA and received tap water; group T2 administered hydrogen peroxide H2O2 in tap water at concentration of 0.05%, while group T3 were intubated 60mg/kg B.W of ALA and received ordinary tap water containing 0.05% H2O2. Blood samples were collected at 0, 28 and 56 days of the experimental periods for measurement of serum follicular stimulation hormone (FSH), lutelizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) concentrations. The results revealed that group T2 showed a significant decrease in FSH and testosterone concentrations. While there were significant increase in previous parameters in T3 group compared to T2 group. Whereas, rats in group T3 shows significant improvement in above serum hormonal profile by repairing role of alpha lipoic acid against hydrogen peroxide in (group T2). In conclusion, alpha lipoic acid mitigated the deleterious effect of that-induced H2O2 induced pituitary-testicular dysfunction through antioxidant mechanism by free radical scavenging properties