Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences

This project attends to exam the prevalence of piroplasmosis in sheep and camels in Al-Najaf desert of Iraq during period of May 2015 to April 2016. The samples were randomly collected from different regions in Al-Najaf province and represent 230 sheep (127 female, 103 male ) and 140 camels ( 90 shecamels and 50 male) . Blood smears were subjected to Geimsa stained and microscopic examination. It was observed that prevalence of babesiosis and theileriosis in sheep were 26.9% and 12.17% respectively ,while in camels the prevalence was25% for babesiosis and 10.7% for theileriosis . The highest incidence for babesiosis was recorded in camels at age more than 4 years , while the lowest percentage was recorded in ages between6-12 month in both species. The highest ratio for theileriosis was observed in camels at ages 1-4 years.

The maximal occurrence of babesiosis and theileriosis were noticed in summer season (33.5%) and (15%) respectively in both species , while in winter season were (17.6%)and ((7.6%)respectively .

The highest percentage of babesiosis was found in females of sheep and camels (41.7%and 30%respectively) than male (18.4%and 16%respectively).

The present study aims to evaluate the effect vaccination and oral administration of aqueous extract of artemisia herba alba on the immune status. forty laying hens (Lohman Brown,1 year-old, body weight 1.8 kg) were divided into four groups (ten) individuals. First one is the control; the second group treated with vaccine against NDV and IBV; third group received 2ml/bird/day 5% extracts of artemisia herba alba; fourth group treated with 2ml/bird/day 5% extracts of artemisia herba alba and vaccinated against NDV and IBV. Antibody titers against NDV and IBV were measured after 14 and 28 days. Results present significant increase in the globulin of the fourth group as compared to the others. The level of NDV antibodies increases significantly in this group as compared with control and third groups after 14 days. The same group shows a significant increase at 28 days as compared with the control one only. On the other hand, antibody titer of IBV increased significantly in the second and the fourth groups compared to the control group at 28 days, but no significant differences among all groups after 14 days of the experiment.

In conclusion, this study indicates a limited positive effect of the herb extract on humoral immunity of layer chickens.

The aim of present study, was desigen to measurement of cholinesterase (ChE) activity by electrometric method in normal blood of adult Female buffalo, Cholinesterase was used in red blood cells (RBCs)to determine the linear relationship between incubation time and cholinesterase activity. The change in pH of RBCs cells reaction mixture (0.21 to 0.47) agreed with increased incubation time of 10 - 50 minutes and the pH change red blood cells reaction mixture (0.31 to 0.46) was associated with increased incubation temperature of 25-40C. recorded the highest activity of natural ChE the change in pH / 40 C° minutes in the red blood cells (0.46), whole blood (0.42) and least in the blood plasma (0.076). To illustrate the accuracy of the way the coefficient of variation in red blood cells and blood plasma and the whole blood (1.65%, 6.97% and 4.12%), respectively, this was done using 0.1 ml acetylcholine iodide 7.5% as the basis of the combination interaction of the current study. Quinidine sulfate specifically inhibited pseudo ChE in the RBC and whole blood, and it was estimated to be (6.5%,16.7%), where as true ChE activity was (93.5%, 83.3%). Monocrotophos at concentration (0.5, 1 µM) and carbaryl at (5, 10 µM) significantly inhibited RBCs ChE in vitro. These results indicate that the used of modified electrometric method its simple, precise, efficient and have the validity for measurement of ChE activities in adult Female of buffalo.

This experiment was aimed to investigate the role of CoQ10 to alleviating the functional alterations of kidney - induced by sodium fluoride (NaF) in male rats. Twenty adult male Wister albino rats were randomly assigned into four equal groups and treated for 42 days daily as follows: first group was received drinking tap water and intubated with DMSO 1% and serving as control (group C); second group ( group G1) received sodium fluoride 100ppm in drinking tap water ; third group (group G2) received sodium fluoride 100ppm in drinking tap water plus intubated 10 mg /Kg. B.W of CoQ10 orally , whereas fourth group ( group G3) intubated 10 mg /Kg. B.W of CoQ10 only. Fasting blood samples were collected at 0, 21, and 42 days of experimental periods. Then sera was isolated for estimated serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and peroxynitrite radicals concentrations, as well as catalase activities has been measured. At the end of the experiment the animals were sacrificed and sections from the kidney were taken for histopathological examination. The results revealed that rats received NaF (group G1) for 42 days caused significant decrease in body weight and serum catalase activity , while a significant increase in the concentrations of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and peroxynitrite radicals accompanied with histopathological alterations of kidney were showed as compared to other experimental groups . On the other hand, administration of CoQ10 to groups G2 showed an improvement of physiological and histological alterations and keeping the kidney functions around the normal levels, manifested its protective effects against deleterious effects of NaF. It could be concluded that these results confirmed the antioxidant properties of CoQ10 against nephrotoxicity induced by NaF in adult rats.

In this data was done to demonstrate the administration of phenobarbital compounds & showed histopathological effects. In this study fourteen of local goats were divided into two groups (each group seven animals) for 60 days. First one were treated phenobarbital injected with 35 mg \kg.B.W.,twice daily ,second group act as control group. These animals were examined internally and externally during adaptation period. After end experimental period scarified the animals, necropsy, preparation of slid by routine technique and examined by light microscope, there are showed different histological changes into tissue of animals treatment with phenobarbital such as degeneration of epithelial cells lining of renal tubules of kidney and thyroid gland congested of central vein with fibrosis in liver ,vacuolated of mucosal layer of rumen, small intestine and pancreas, atrophyseminiferous tubules of testis and lymph node.

This study was accomplished to explore the role of crude ethanol extract of date palm pollen grains (DPP) in ameliorating the induction of oxidative stress by sodium nitrite in female rats.

To detection the effect of sodium nitrite and crude ethanolic extract of DPP in the concentration of serum FSH, LH and Prolactin, forty mature female rats divided into five equal groups, first group served as control where the second received 100mg/kg DPP extract daily, third received 100mg/kg DPP extract plus 100mg/kg sodium nitrite, fourth received100mg/kg sodium nitrite, for 42 days, while the fifth group received 100mg/kg sodium nitrite for 28 days then shift to 100 mg/kg DPP extract for another 14 days .the result showed an elevation of serum FSH and LH of the second group, and reduction in fourth and fifth groups . while the elevation of serum prolactin were clarified in fourth and fifth groups.

In conclusions, treatment by extracts of DPP grains leads to improvement fertility in female rats. Exposure to sodium nitrite at a dose of 100mg/kg leads to an elevation in serum prolactin and reduction in gonadotropin hormones in female rats.

Hyperkalemia hazard is increased in diabetes, especially in patients with renal disease or those receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) medications, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) or potassium-sparing diuretics. Also, other diuretics can increase hypokalemia danger. Recently, We assessed the effects of dapagliflozin in ameliorate the serum calcium, sodium, potassium( Ca+2, Na+2, K+ ) and uric acid concentration in adults male rats. In this study were erolled 18 adult male rats randomly assigned to three groups(n=6) as following: control group (I) 0.5 ml/kg B.W of normal saline.

Group II and III receive orally by gavage for 30 days 0.53 mg/kg and 1.06 mg/kg B.W of dapagliflozin. The end of experiment the blood were collected for measuring the following parameter: blood glucose, Ca+2, Na+2, K+ ) , and uric acid concentration. The results of the present study revealed the following: there was significant (P≤0.05) increase in body weight, K+, Ca+2 and uric acid concentration of treated II, and III groups compared with control. On the other hand, there was significant (P≤0.05) decrease in Na+2 concentration of treated compared with control.

The experiment was concluded that Dapagliflozin in dose dependent pattern produce significant effects in reduction body weight in II and III groups compared with I group, furthermore, shows that changes in serum concentrations of potassium, calcium and uric acid in treated groups compared to normal where as no effects on sodium concentration was found. Also there is no differences in blood glucose concentration in treated group compared to normal, rather than hypoglycemic and all groups are normal groups.

Because ofthe economic importance of the camels and the scarcityof studies related to it in Iraq, our study aimed to investigate Babesia sppand Theileria sppby molecular methods. The current study was conducted during the period from September 2017 to March 2018 and collected 200 random blood samples from camels included (125 females and 75 males and two groups of ages )150(>1 years) and 50)<1year (some of them appear on it clinical signs and some did not show any symptoms from the slaughterhouse of Al-Diwaniya province. This study was designed to diagnose these parasites firstlyby microscopic examination by Geimesa stain method .The results each of (106/200)(53%) Babesia sppand (93/200)(46.5%) Theileria spp.The prevalence of Babesiosis in the female (76/125)(60.8%) more than in the males (30/75)(40%) and in differentages. Theileriosis also recorded the prevalence in female (69/125)(55.2%) and in males (24/75)(32%) and in differentages. The highest incidence in months (September, October and March) (88.3%, 96.2% and 75%), respectively, according to the study time. recorded mix infection 19(23.75%) between Babesia&Theileriathen diagnosis 90 blood samples positive microscopically using molecular techniques, which included (conventional PCR monoplex and multiplex) 16(17.77%), 9(10%), 8(8.9%) and11(12.22) Theileria spp, Theileria annulata,Babesia bovisandBabesia bigeminarespectively

This study was conducted in Nutrition laboratory to investigate the effect of addition of different levels of Ecosyl, a commercial inoculant of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), 0, 1×105 or 1×106 cfu/g fresh matter (FM) and four levels of debis (date honey) as a source of soluble sugars (WSC), 4, 6, 8 or 10% on dry matter (DM) basis on sensory characteristics and chemical composition of wheat straw silages (WSS). Silage samples of 400-500 g were made with 4 replicates after chopping wheat into 1-1.5 cm. Urea was added at rate of 1% to all samples to increase nitrogen (N) content of straw in all silages. Treated samples were packed in nylon bags and ensiled for 60 days. Results revealed that color of WSS samples were ranged between light and dark yellow to greenish yellow. Most inoculated samples were characterized with accepted odor. Results also showed significant (P<0.01) reduction in fibrous components, particularly, neutral detergent fiber from 43.73 to 39.40 and 37.79%, and cellulose from 29.32 to 24.60 and 22.05% were observed in samples of WSS prepared without and with addition of LAB inoculant at level of 1×105 and 1×106 cfu/g FM respectively. This reduction was correlated with significant (P<0.01) increase in hemicellulose and crude protein (CP) contents. Silages prepared with WSC at level of 10% had lower (P<0.01) contents of acid detergent fiber and cellulose, 37.48 and 23.33% respectively. However, increasing level of debis decreased contents of CP (P<0.01) and ether extract (P<0.05).

This study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the triple combination of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles, anti-microbial peptides and visible blue light against pathogenic clinical methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in vivo after inducing full thickness skin injury in the initially induced diabetic rats. This experiment of in vivo study was for evaluation the role of the combinations in promoting wound healing after wound inducing infection using pathogenic MRSA (0.25ml from 1.5 ×108 cfu/ml) in diabetic rats. 108 diabetic rats (aged 8-10 weeks weighing 200-250g) were divided equally into nine groups, (treatment started after the appearance of infection signs). Group A: Negative control group, group B: Positive control group, Group C: infected treated with AgNPs 8µg/ml, group D: infected treated with Gramicidin 16µg/ml, group E: infected treated with blue light for 1 hour, group F: infected treated with combination of AgNPs 0.25µg/ml with blue light for 1 hour, group G: infected treated with combination of Gramicidin 8 µg/ml and blue light for 1 hour, group H: infected treated with combination of AgNPs and Gramicidin 0.25µg/ml, 0.5 µg/ml respectively, group I : infected treated with triple combination of AgNPs ,Gramicidin 0.25µg/ml, 0.5µg/ml respectively and blue light for 1 hour. All groups treated topically daily for three days. Wound healing was assessed by measuring wound contraction at 7, 14 and 21 days post wound induction. Viable bacterial count at 21 day post wound induction. Results were according to data analysis, healing rate of treated rat with the triple combination was significantly (p < 0.001) faster (within 7 days) than treated rat with other double combination and each agent alone. All symptoms returned to near normal values at the end of treatment. In conclusion the topical therapy of the triple combination of AgNPs, visible blue light and antimicrobial peptides promote wound healing process in diabetic infected wound in a short period of time. A new approach can be used to combat serious infections caused by MRSA by combining AgNPs, blue light, and antibiotics.

Male infertility is a broad phenomenon adverse effect of the chemotherapeutic drug ifosfamide. Present warning proposes that the ifosfamide prodrug and their metabolite may contribute to this testicular cell toxicity. The present experimental study modified ifosfamide dosage form via liposome encapsulation inspected the special effects of ifosfamide and liposome carrying ifosfamide (small and uni/bi- lamellar) on certain isolated testicular cells; Leydig, Sertoli, and spermatogonia in primary culture. The three cells were isolated in percoll gradient density separation technique from 10 rams and inoculated in separately in LH, FSH and testosterone under growth factor trigger exposed to ifosfamide formulas.The ability of the gonads-protectant cells medication liposomal entrapment ifosfamide to prevent ifosfamide- induced testicular cell injury was also assessed and prevented liberation potent metabolite of ifosfamide via trapping harmful metabolite that due to the Ifosfamide liposomal entrapped size ranged between 60-110 nm, the small size of liposome prolong t½ life and delay liberation and act as an additional compartment and prevent entry to the secondary targeted cells. Ifosfamide (300, 600, 1200, 2400 and 3600 μM) were produced dose-dependent drops viability and growth behavior, mitochondrial integrity and ATP levels, cell number and Membrane integrity, COMET DN A analysis, phagocytosis property of Sertoli cell and Leydig cell testosterone concentration, verified the IC50s.The conclusion was exposure of the isolated cells of ram testis to liposome carrying ifosfamide protected cell via shield or delay of time exposed to harmful of unwanted effect of ifosfamide anticancer drug of all cell types, whereas, the ifosfamide produce decrease proliferative cell viability and demand energetic of cell supplier and function of certain cells as well as upset of DNA properties. This promotes an efficacious manner of augmented safer use of ifosfamide as a preliminary study.

The present study was carried out at the experimental animal farm , college of Agriculture , Kufa University by using data collected for 80 Awassi ewes in different age and lactation stage in the period of 2009 to 2013 to determine the effect of dam age and parity, lactation stage , type and sex of birth and year of birth in milk protein , fat , lactose ash and PH. Results was showed a significant effect(p≤ 0.05 ) of lactation stage in protein fat and ash , the highest values were in late period of lactation (6.92,6.27and1.51)% respectively. The highest value of lactose was in early lactation (4.38)% .The highest values were found in 4th parity (6.99 , 6.31 and 1.48 )% respectively. Dam age effect significantly (p≤ 0.05 ) in milk fat , the highest value was in older dams compared with younger dams (6.37 and 5.14) % respectively. Single birth gave a significant increase (p≤ 0.05 ) in milk protein and fat (6.94 and 6.09)% respectively. Females birth gave a significant increase in milk protein , fat and ash ( 6.77, 5.92 and 1.17) respectively. Significant effect (p≤ 0.05 ) of year of birth in milk protein ,fat and ash, the highest values were found in 2010 (6.75, 6.20 and1.11)% respectively. Milk PH was not affected significantly by all factors.