Journal of Education for Humanities

Interpretations are a broad field of knowledge that cures research, including study and research, including the interpretation of Ibn Adel al-Hanbali (Al- Lubab in the Sciences of the Al- Quran), as it included treasures from the opinions of scholars. Attachment linguistically and idiomatically and then dealt with two sections, the first topic dealt with the attachment of the subjective mood to different cork in temporal significance, and the second topic dealt with the attachment of the subjective mood and the object to two verbs that agree on the temporal significance.

Ibn al-Ara,abi appeared in a group of storytellers who were on a large cognitive side, and contributed to documenting the customs, manners and history of the Arabs, and more than one man was known for his Arabic, but a look at the books of linguistic heritage finds that if he launches (Ibn al-Araabi) What is meant by Mohammed bin Ziyad, he took in his narrations the path of the modernists in their foundations that they developed for the novel hadith before him in endurance and transportation, it was a sound approach in taking, and expanded in his novel and diversity in its arts and purposes, in language and poetry proverbs, news and genealogy.

The research aims to identify the effect of cognitive stimulant strategies on the achievement of second-grade intermediate students in Arabic language. To achieve the aim of the research, the researcher formulated the following null hypothesis: - There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who were studied using the strategies of cognitive stimulants and the average scores of the control group students who were taught in the traditional way in the post-achievement test in the Arabic language. The researcher adopted the experimental design for two equal groups, where the research sample, which was intentionally selected, consisted of (63) female students who were distributed into two groups, the first experimental group consisting of (31) students who were studied according to the strategies of cognitive stimulants, and the second control group consisting of (32) A student studied according to the traditional method, in the city of Mosul section for the first course of the academic year (2021-2022) and the researcher conducted a process of parity for the two groups in some variables (the female students’ scores in the Arabic language for the previous year, the general average for the previous school year, age in months, the quotient intelligence, educational level of the parents). For the two middle schools (Al-Hadba and Al-Ramah), the researcher supervised the application of the experiment. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher prepared a tool to measure achievement that consisted of (30) paragraphs and for the following topics (the five nouns, the morphological scale, the participle of the subject, the absolute object, the exception with (except). On the apparent honesty and content validity, then it was applied to the sample to measure the difficulty level of the paragraphs, the discriminatory power, and the effectiveness of the wrong alternatives. The reliability coefficient of the collection tool was extracted with the equation (Kuder-Rechard son_20), and the value of the reliability coefficient reached (0.82), which is an acceptable percentage, and after preparing the teaching plans and preparing the tool, the The researcher applied the experiment on Wednesday (17/11/2021) and continued to apply it to the research sample, until Saturday (15/1/ 2022) and the results showed the following: - There is a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group that was studied according to the strategies of stimulants of cognition and the average scores of the control group that was studied according to the usual method in the achievement test in favor of the experimental group. The statistical methods that have been adopted are: t-test for two independent samples, chi-square test, difficulty equation, discrimination equation, Couder-Richardson equation (K-20), and the alternatives effectiveness equation. In light of the research results, the researcher reached the following conclusions: The use of cognition stimulants strategies have an impact on raising the achievement of Arabic language (grammar) for second-grade intermediate students. In light of the results that have been reached, the researcher recommends the following: 1- Adopting the strategies of cognitive stimulants as a basic method in teaching the Arabic language, especially the grammatical rules, because of their impact on raising the level of achievement and working on the transfer of information from the theoretical side to the practical side. To complement the current research, the researcher suggested suggestions, including: 1 - The effectiveness of cognitive stimulant strategies in self-learning for intermediate stages in the Arabic language subject (experimental study). 2- Comparison between the formula of strategies of cognitive stimulants used previously by Arab scientists and strategies of stimulants of cognition in its modern form, and any stimulants that were previously used more than other stimulants (descriptive study)

The research aims to identify the impact of a proposed strategy based on grammar origins theory in the acquisition of grammatical concepts by students of the Arabic language department .
To achieve the goal of the research. the researcher developed a single zero hypothesis. which is as follows:
-There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average grades of students of the experimental group studying grammar using the proposed strategy. and the control group that is studied in the usual way in testing the concepts of grammar .
The researcher chose the sample available from the students of the Arabic language department for the second stage divisions (Division A) and (Division B). as after the researcher identified the two divisions in which the experiment will be applied. the researcher chose Division A of the second phase in the Department of Arabic Language. which will be studied based on the proposed strategy. and chose Division B of the second phase in the Arabic language department. which will be studied based on the usual method. That was because the researcher relied on the lottery to choose one of the two experimental divisions Another officer. the Faculty of Education for the Humanities of Mosul University in the academic year (2021/2022). had a sample of 77 students (38) for the experimental group and (39) for the officer .
The researcher used the experimental approach in this research. and conducted the process of parity between members of the research group in a number of variables which are: the time age of students in months. the degree of grammar material for the previous year. the general average of the previous year. and the outcome of intelligence .
To achieve the goal of the research. a tool was required: the test of grammatical concepts as a search tool. and the test was characterized by honesty and stability .
After preparing the teaching plans and the tool. the first supervisor asked the head of the Department of Arabic language. requesting a teaching assignment specialized in teaching the subject of grammar to apply the experiment. because the researcher is one of the new graduates of the Department of Arabic Language. where the researcher graduated from this department in the year (2018/2019) and is not appointed in government educational institutions and no lecturers. the request of the first supervisor was approved. The second supervisor applied the experiment. which lasted a whole semester (the first semester) of the year . The study (2021/2022) from the date (17/10/2021) corresponding to the date (17 January 2022) on Monday. the grammatical concept test has been applied and the results collected and analyzed statistically the results showed the following :
-There is a statistically significant difference in favour of the experimental group. who studied grammar subject in accordance with the proposed strategy based on grammar origins theory. on the control group who studied grammar as usual. in acquiring grammatical concepts .
- In light of the results of the research. the researcher came up with a number of results. including that the proposed strategy based on the theory of grammar origins. had a positive impact in improving the level of ability of students of the second stage in the Department of Arabic language to acquire grammatical concepts.

This research aims to identify "the effectiveness of the realistic model in providing fourth-grade students of middle school with Islamic concepts and developing their ".
To achieve this goal, the researcher developed a null hypothesis:
There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group that studied according to the realistic model and the average
In its light, a sample of fourth-grade students of science in the center of Nineveh Governorate for the academic year (2021-2022) was deliberately selected from Al-Waqah Preparatory School for Girls. A female officer, who included (35) female students, studied the subject in the usual way
The researcher used the experimental design with equal groups and conducted the equivalence process on the two research groups in a number of variables, including (chronological age in months, intelligence quotient, the student’s general average degree level, the achievement of the parents’ level). In Islamic education topics for the fourth scientific grade, as the tool became composed of (40) objective test items of the type of multiple choice with three alternatives, and the pairing test. The test was characterized by honesty and stability. Vigilance School for Girls in the first course of the academic year (2021-2022) on Saturday (11/13/2021) and continued until Tuesday (1/11/2022). This experiment took a full course of study, and in light of the research results, The researcher made several conclusions, recommendations and suggestions, including.

The current research aims to identify the extent to which human values are included in the content of the history curriculum for the fifth preparatory literary literary class in the light of the variable length of service from the teachers’ point of view. The research (human values)، which consisted of (60) paragraphs in its final form، distributed into six areas، which are values: (ethical (10) paragraphs، social (20) paragraphs، economic (9) paragraphs، political (7) paragraphs، religious (8) Paragraphs، legal (6) Paragraphs with five alternatives، which are included in the curriculum to a degree: (very large، large، medium، few، very few)، and its validity، stability and strength to distinguish the paragraphs have been verified. The researchers applied the tool (human values) through which to take opinions The members of the research sample are male and female teachers of the history curriculum، as it was applied on Monday (29/11/2021) and continued until Sunday (26/12/2021) on the individuals of the research sample، and after data collection and statistical analysis using the (t-test) For two independent samples، Pearson correlation coefficient، reference mean، and relative weight، the researchers reached the following results:
1- Religious values ranked first with a percentage of (%75.28) legal values ranked second with (%73.32) political values ranked third with (%72.6) while social values ranked fourth with (%71.56) and moral values achieved Fifth place with a rate of (%71.4) while economic values ranked last with a rate of (%67.18)، respectively.
2- Legal values ranked first with a percentage of (%85.62) while religious values ranked second with (%84.8) while social values ranked third with (%82.42) while moral values ranked fourth with (%80.54) and economic values It ranked fifth with a rate of (%78.56) while political values ranked last with a rate of (%76.98) respectively.
3- There is a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the study sample members، male and female teachers of the history curriculum in the extent to which human values are included in the curriculum content for the fifth grade preparatory literary according to the variable of service period (10( years and less، 11 years and more) and in favor of sample individuals Length of service (11 years or more). The researchers came out with a set of conclusions، recommendations and suggestions.

The aim of the research is to identify the level of psychological resilience among the students of the University of Mosul, and to identify the significance of the differences in psychological resilience among the members of the research sample according to the variables (study specialization, gender, grade the study). To achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers applied the Psychological Resilience Scale (Al-Shaboul 2017) to a sample of (800) male and female students who were randomly selected from the colleges of the University of Mosul. The validity and reliability of the scale were verified, and the research reached the following results:
1.Mosul University students have an appropriate level of psychological resilience.
2. There are no statistically significant differences in the level of psychological resilience between males and females.
3. The students of the scientific specialization outperformed the students of the humanitarian specialization in psychological resilience.
4. Third graders outperform first graders in psychological resilience.

The topic dealt with by the research is “The Days of the Arabs and Persians before Islam in the Book of moajam ma Istojim for Bakri (487 A.H.)” The days are facts and wars that occurred in the pre-Islamic era, the wedding and the Persians, and they are only two days. Al-Bakri mentioned them in his dictionary on the day of the deal and the day of Dhi Qar Among the most important and well-known of them is that Dhi Qar was the victory of the day. These reasons indicate that the study of these days is the study of these days. The sources were historical, geographical or sources.

The current research aims at a semantic study in the field of the glorious quran, which is pivoted on the (human) as the past-tense verbal sentence that involved the word (human) in the verses of the glorious Quran to be the subject of this research because the verbal sentence denotes the occurrence of action in a renewed way to reveal the various meanings intended and to show a various aspects that are related to the human, the way in which he/she was created in addition to his characteristics. This is because the human is the living being whom was honored by AlMighty Allah and favored him over his creation and discriminated him from them all. The research was divided into two sections. The first dealt with the definition of both the semantic, the sentence, the past tense verb and the human linguistically and terminologically. From the other hand, section two tackled the analysis of the verses in question. The research was concluded with the most prominent findings the study reached and a table that includes the verses relevant to the subject.

The effect of the writing rests on the real author/writer with what his intellectual content does to the real reader and the written structure that formalize the value in the text. Hence, we research, study, and investigate the author's truth in narrating and writing his ethics, or falsifying it to broadcast the prevailing movement, and here rises the led morals, so to speak. At a time when the novelistic discourse was not taken from the enlightened moral door, the time of modernity and philosophical enlightenment came to make it an ethical station that requires study. This is what the novelist discourse went to when its value structure focused on the presentation of aesthetic and ideological values in the text through the morals given.

The relationship between the semantic level and the grammatical level is reciprocal. Because when a person wants to utter a word, he arranges in his mind meanings and then categorizes them into a structure and then the recipient gets his installation and a meaning is realized in his mind according to that structure .Based on what the speaker establishes in term of meaning, we can direct the pattern of installation that is achieved in reality. Therefore, our research was focused on the significance of binary prepositions and their impact on the structural pattern, we divided the research into a preamble, and five demands in which we link the meaning of letter and the structural effect, which is.
The first requirement:( about).
The second requirement:(in)
The third requirement: (in order to)
The fourth requirement:(from)
The fifth requirement:(since)

This research focuses on the fundamental (principles of Islamic jurisprudence) views of Imam Abu Hayyan Al-Andalusi through his book Al-Bahr Al-Mohet fi Tafsir: Surat Al-Baqarah as an example. It aims to extract the fundamental views adopted by Abu Hayyan in various issues and to present his point of view in them. The research topic is divided into introduction and two other parts. The introductory part introduces the author and his book, while in the two other parts, the researcher produces the author’s views on fundamental issues in which scholars differ. The first part is devoted to his views on issues of rulings and their evidence, and researcher argues that Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi sees that the infidels are addressed by the branches of Sharia. He chose to say singular-narration is reliable and can be acted upon, and went to take it into consideration unlike the Al-Dahiri who relies on unanimity among scholars. Abu Hayyan Al-Andalusi has also agreed with the doctrine of the majority of those who take fundamental views and those who say that the denier is required to prove what he claims from the denial, whether in rationality or legalities, as the one who confirms what he claims to be a proof. All these will be discussed under three consecutive sections in this part of the research. As for the second part, the researcher includes Abu Hayyan’s views on the semantics of words, abrogation, and imitation, in four consecutive sections, in which it showed that he decided that denial in the context of negation requires generality, and he chose to say that the absolute command does not indicate immediacy or laxity, but rather benefits the absolute request. He is also in the opinion that the lesson with the generality in meaning of the term, not with regard to a particular reason or case. Next, he went to argue that imitation in religion is forbidden and it is not permissible to imitate anyone, but rather is the duty to follow the evidence. At the end of the research, the researcher recommends that it is necessary to pay attention to the fundamental aspect in the interpretation of Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi, since this aspect has not been given sufficient attention so far.

What is meant by violating analogy is “that the word is contrary to the laws deduced from following the vocabulary of the established regulator.” Critics and rhetoricians paid great attention to language and style, and perhaps one of their most important concerns is language and the control of its laws. and their structures, and they blamed the poets for their deviation from the laws of language and the violation of analogy. (Al-Attaib Al-Adib on the Hassan and Disgraceful Poetry of Abu al-Tayyib). They preceded him - without mentioning their names - in referring to these violations, including al-Sakaki, al-Qayrawani, al-Fayrouzabadi, al-Thaalbi, al-Akbari and others.

The content of the research deals with introducing the orientalist Goldziher and excerpts from his biography and science to find out the sources of his original ideas. To prove his theory of influence by Gnosticism and to infer it with prophetic hadiths to strengthen his arguments, however, we have clarified the errors in his texts and evaluated his inferences by clarifying the degree of those hadiths and refuting his erroneous interpretations with scientific criticism so that people are not deceived by the mirage of his illusions.

The research dealt with the phenomenon of historical reference in al-ghazzi,s poetry by relying on examples of his poetry , as history is a fertile and rich source for poets because nobility of the past rich in various aspects of pride , vanity and fatherhood . and social . according to our point of view , the research plan required that we divide it into three axes ; (events and facts , media and personalities , recalling historical places) the poet derived from events and facts with a cultural predicate everything that he provides in the construction of the poetic text . each other , and the poet employed them in a creative artistic way , through which he expressed its comprehensive , remaining and renewable significance throughout history in other forms and forms . in the present , in addition to the fact that this cultural stock is stuck in the collective memory of the members of the nation , the poet tries to attract the attention of the recipient and enrich the creative text .

The aim of the research is to identify the effectiveness of employing cognitive burden strategies in the achievement of the mathematics department’s students for topology, and its sample consisted of (69) fourth-grade students in the Department of Mathematics, University of Dohuk for the academic year (2020-2021), which were divided into four equal groups of males and females. Two of them are experimental, studying topology using strategies to reduce the cognitive burden, and the other two are controls that study the same subject in the usual way, and to achieve the goal of the research, the researchers prepared an essay achievement test in the final form of (5) questions. The research experience by the third researcher as a teacher of the subject in the department at the beginning of the academic year starting from the day (18/10/2020) until (25/1/2021) after which the achievement test was applied to the members of the research sample, then they collected the data and analyzed it statistically using the Two-way factorial (ANOVA - 2way) and the results indicated:
1- There is a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the averages of the research groups’ achievement of topology for the method variable and in favor of the two experimental ones.
2- There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the averages of the research groups' achievement of topology according to the gender variable, and the interaction between it and the method.
In light of the results, the researchers came up with a number of conclusions and presented a number of proposals, in addition to providing a number of titles for future studies.

Research treatments and discussions center around the semantic participation, which is intended to have several words that carry the same meaning identically or closelyto a large extent, after research and inventoryin the dictionary of language standards, we have dual roots in a book of some boo;s that carries a specific meaning, and this meaning is found in another root of a different book, the similarity or similarity of meanings is even when the buildings differ, and despite the congruence of the semantic origin-the general meaning of the roots derivatives- between these roots, even slight differences in meaning appeared that differentiate one root from another, this difference gives the word a certain characteristic that distinguishes it from others in use, such as if it is attached to a specific situation or is specific to a certain things, or if it is contained in a specific part that is not indicated by other root, even if they share the general meanings.

The Mufaḍḍaliyat have received great attention from scholars and critics. They dealt with them from a variety of perspectives that focused on specific issues according to the scientific methods they applied. This paper focuses on an aspect that has not been studied enough, which is the role of the poet consciousness in forming the preferred pre-Islamic Mufaḍḍaliyat poems and studies the manifestations of individual awareness in the form and content of them, based on the idea that the diversity of topics and poetic purposes resulted from individual “subjective” efforts that responded to the requirements of the age and the desire of public taste at that time. The most important thing that poets focused on was the introductions to the poems they composed, because they are the foundations on which the artistic construction of the poem rests. Hence, the paper is concerned with studying these introductions، categorizing them into categories, and analyzing them to reveal their forming properties. The most important conclusions of the paper is that the introductions of these poems reveal a deep awareness of the reality through the various elements of artistic formation، and that there is a development in the construction of these introductions that reveals an active role of individuality in it.

The current research focuses on the study of contemporary Iraqi poetry (from the pioneers to 2003) to determine the extent to which contemporary Iraqi poets benefit from myth in shaping their advertising discourse, and the extent to which it accommodates their desires, and meets their needs in promoting their ideas, visions and programs (political, social, cultural, economic and religious) on their various ideological orientations. Therefore, this study aims to reveal that using the mythical method of induction and analysis, and the study required dividing the research into two sections preceded by an introduction, presentation, and then a conclusion clarifying the most important results extracted from the study.

The character occupies an outstanding place in the structure of the fictional form. From the objective point of view, it is a tool and a means for the novelist to express his own vision. From the artistic point of view, it is the driving force around which all the elements of the narrative revolve. In fact, Jamal Al-Ghitani has been able to achieve this and even creative in drawing his characters accurately and did not leave a gap in that. He has been able to give the authoritarian characters enough space for movement and knowledge of the most accurate things, unlike the fearful characters who were limited in movement and knowledge. He explains and shows the suffering that people endure from the authority and from the practices of suppression and injustice inflicted on them. The writer has been keen to select his characters and put them in the right place, and his capacity to draw the events in an accurate way pushes the recipient to integrate to the end.

The study investigates the potential of authentic materials to enhance Iraqi EFL learners’ Intercultural Communicative Competence. To do so, an experimental course entitled ‘Language and Culture’ has been designed to carry out this study. Throughout this course, authentic materials have been intensively utilized for the whole academic year 2020-2021. The sample of the study is fifty fourth-year students who have been selected randomly from the Department of English/ College of Education for Humanities/ University of Mosul. Data were collected before and after the experiment through the use of: (1) A self-assessment questionnaire, (2) five-savoirs test, and (3) oral proficiency interviews. Results revealed that authentic materials have a promising potential to enhance students’ intercultural abilities.

This study aims to identify the level of cognitive motivatier for preparatory stage students . The population includes students in the preparatory stage scientific and literature branches in Nineva Directorate for Education. The researcher deal with analytic descriptive method it is adequate to this study. The study applied upon a sample of (324) male and female students chosen randomly from (67331) students who represent the population of this study .The researcher prepared a scale for cognitive motivation which consists of (20) items three alternatives divided upon four episodes ( First; the desire to learn, Second; classroom interaction, Third; discovering and Fourth ; tendency to reading ).The researcher use a questionnaire as an instrument for study. Then , the validity and reliabitity was test for this questionnaire by using Pearson correlation t-test for one sample and for two independent samples. The study conclude some findings and recommendations; there is a difference in cognitive motivation level for preparatory stag students in general . while concerning gender and academic specialization , there is no significant difference at (0.05) level of significance . The researcher relates this finding to the importance of cognitive motivation for students which enhance scientific activies and school competions which will lead to developing instruction to obtain creativity and more achievement in the field of science and cognition.

The wonder is one of the terms that have gained popularity in the modern critical lesson, and it has been manifested in creative products, as our ancient Arab heritage was not far from it, especially ancient Arabic poetry, and there is no doubt that the personalities that the pre-Islamic poet employed in his creative texts have an important role in shedding light on The poet’s visions often reflect the social or political reality.
The miraculous character emerges through two patterns: transformation and transit using means, namely dirt and supernatural, which generate hesitation and surprise in the recipient through the mental images that he draws, as he was able to give his characters the power to prepare him to transcend the world in which he lives and build his own world. About the repressions that the poet cannot reveal, especially as he lives in a tribal society and is in dire need of the tribe and belonging to it, and any departure from it threatens his existence within this social system.

Critical efforts in the Renaissance era represented the beginning and foundation of modern Arab critical studies, including comparative studies. Prominent Renaissance figures contributed to these efforts by leaving their imprints in this field. And among of them was Najeeb Suleiman Al-Haddad. This can be traced in his article, entitled “A Contrast between Arabic Poetry and English Poetry,” written in 1897.

This study tries to examine Abi-Nuas's collection of poems throughout linguistic and hermeneutic analysis accompanied by what effects the meaning tools and their comprehending, and patterns of texts interpretation in the poetic texture of Abi-Nuas which reflects the interpreter's capabilities to face a literary text that characterized universally by creativity and readability in which contributed to snatch this explanatory annotations for the study. However, the other justified excuse to select this topic is to display the different perspectives of explanation process and shed lights on interpreters' directives from Arabs and Orientalists and their different discipline backgrounds. Thus, the study is divided in to two sections:
First: Linguistic Reading which shows: 1. Lexical reading that discusses A) Uncovering the semantic meaning of functions B) topics and settings, C) The meaning of names and well-known people, and D) strengthening the Lexical reading via poetry. 2. Synthetic reading and it's manifestations including a- Deletion b- mitigation c- Addressing. The Other section: The Interpretive Reading, in which the study shares A) The Author's (the poet) intentionality B) The multiple meaning of the texts connotations.
To tackle the topic, the study adopts the descriptive and analytical methods, and it ends up with a set of results followed by a glossary of the indexes, and an English abstract provided. Finally, the list of sources and references take the last pages of the study.