Journal of Education for Humanities

This research deals with the subject of synecdoche according to the theory of transformational generative grammar. The research included quite a few examples of transmitted metaphor through analysis and study.
The transformational generative grammar theory is one of the most important modern linguistic theories that emerged in the second half of the twentieth century because of its ability to explain many linguistic phenomena that previous theories failed to explain.
The research studies the transmitted metaphor in the light of the most important assumptions of transformative generative grammar, which is the hypothesis of the deep structure, the structure and the surface, which sees that every superficial structure has a phenomenon with a deep mental structure.
The research confirmed the link between the Arabic linguistic heritage and modern linguistic theories, especially the transformational generative theory, and that the Arab rhetoricians did not understand while analyzing the Arabic rhetorical examples the issue of the surface structure and the deep structure.
We divided the research into two parts. In the first part, we dealt with the metaphor transmitted, its definition, and its relations. In the second part, we dealt with the application of the transformational generative theory on examples of examples of Arabic rhetoric.
The research reached the possibility of applying the transformational generative theory to the Arabic language, especially to the Arabic rhetoric.

The aim of the research is to find out the effect of the realistic therapy style on developing psychological immunity among students of the College of Education for Human Sciences.) Male and female students were diagnosed as having a low level of psychological immunity, and the researcher chose first-grade students from the Department of Geography at the College of Education for Human Sciences at the University of Mosul, after rewarding them in several variables, and distributing them into two equal groups, (experimental exposed to (15) sessions Indicative in a realistic treatment method that includes the following strategies: (presenting the subject, realistic steps for learning behavior, a model of behavioral responsibility, a question from reality, effectiveness and fun, re-learning, determining homework, self-evaluation), and the control group was not exposed to any guidance, and the researcher uned the means Statistical ones (Pearson correlation coefficient, Wilcoxen test, Mann Whitney test), and the results came with a significant impact of the realistic treatment method in eveloping psychological immunity, and in light of the research results, the researcher came out with a number of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.

The research aims to identify the effect of the Stepans model in correcting misperceptions of Islamic concepts among second-grade intermediate students to achieve the goal of the research. the researcher formulated two null hypotheses. which are as follows:
1-There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level of 0.05 between the mean of the difference in the pre and post tests for the experimental group that studied according to the Stepans model and the average difference between the pre and post tests for the control group that studied according to the usual method in the Islamic concepts test.
2- There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level of 0.05 between the average scores of the experimental group who studied according to the Stepans model and the average in the post-test Islamic concepts.
As for the research sample. it was randomly selected from the research community for second year intermediate students of Tigris High School affiliated with the Nineveh Representative in the city of Dohuk for the first course of the academic year (2021-2022). and its number was (64) students distributed in two experimental and control groups. with (34) students for the group The experimental group. which was taught according to the Stepans model. and (30) for the control group. which was taught according to the usual method.
The researcher used the experimental and descriptive approaches. and the equivalence process was conducted between the members of the two research groups in a number of variables that included: age in months. degree of Islamic education for the first intermediate class. the general average for the first intermediate class. intelligence quotient. a tribal test of Islamic concepts. a tribal test for religious awareness. and the scientific level For parents.
To achieve the goal of the research. the researcher prepared a tool. which is a test of concepts. and the test was characterized by honesty and stability.
After completing the study plans and the tool. the researcher applied the experiment to a sample of female students and extended from 11/15/2021 to 5/1/2022 for the first course. and the post-test Islamic concepts was applied on 1/1/2022 on the two research groups. and data was collected and analyzed. and then reached A number of findings. recommendations and suggestions. including:
1- The Stepans model has proven its effectiveness in correcting the misunderstanding of Islamic concepts among second-grade middle school students in comparison with the usual method. as Islamic concepts are a basic building block in the educational process.
2-The necessity of Islamic education teachers’ interest in diagnosing students’ concepts and extracting patterns of common conceptual errors before and during the teaching process.
3- The effect of the Stepans model in correcting misperceptions of Islamic concepts among first-year intermediate students and developing their critical thinking.

The research aims to identify (the effect of the flipped learning strategy on developing critical reading skills for fourth year middle school students), and to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher put the following null hypotheses:
1- There is no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the experimental group students who study according to the flipped learning strategy and the average scores of the control group students who study according to the usual method in the post-critical reading skills test.
2-There is no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the students of the experimental group who studies according to the flipped learning strategy and the average scores of the students of the control group who studies according to the usual method in developing critical reading skills.
As for the research sample, it was intentionally selected from the research community and it consisted of students of the fourth scientific grade in Abdulaziz Abdullah Preparatory School for Boys and Al-Shafi’i Preparatory School for Boys in the city center of Mosul for the academic year (2021-2022), and the total number of its members was (70) students, where the sample was divided The research was divided into two groups, an experimental group whose members amounted to (36) students, and a control group whose members amounted to (34) students.
The researcher used the experimental design with equal groups, and conducted the process of parity between the members of the two research groups in a number of variables that included: age calculated in months, intelligence quotient, Arabic language degree for the previous year, the general average for the third grade average, the critical reading test before.
To achieve the goal of the research, this required the construction of a tool: the critical reading skills test, which consisted of (20) paragraphs of a multiple-choice type and (2) paragraphs of a specific-answer type of essay, and its validity, stability, and strength of paragraphs were verified.
After preparing the teaching plans and the tool, the researcher applied the experiment by the subject teachers in the two schools in the first course of the academic year (2021-2022) on 11/11/2021, and a full course continued with two lessons per week, and ended on 01/18/2022. A test was applied Critical reading skills posterior on 22/1/2022 on the two research groups.
After data collection and statistical analysis, the results showed the following:
1- There is a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the post-test critical reading skills in favor of the experimental group, which studied according to the flipped learning strategy.
2- There is a statistically significant difference between the two groups in developing critical reading skills in favor of the experimental group, which was studied according to the flipped learning strategy.
In light of the results of the research, the researcher came out with a number of conclusions, including that the flipped learning strategy had a role in improving and raising the level of fourth-grade students in the development of critical reading skills. The researcher also recommended a number of recommendations, including the establishment of training courses for those in charge of teaching to train on the concept of the flipped learning strategy and the use of modern platforms as a platform (Play Posit) to implement this strategy, and to complete this research, the researcher put forward proposals for future research.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of Adelson model on the achievement of the second intermediate grade female students in Arabic language and developing their generative thinking. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher set two main hypotheses. The sample was chosen intentionally from the second-grade students in (Aqilat Bani Hashim Intermediate School) in the center of Nineveh Governorate for the academic year (2021-2022). The sample consisted of (48) female students divided into two experimental and control groups: (25) students for the experimental group that studied according to Adelson model, and (23) for the control group that studied in the traditional method.
The researcher adopts the experimental design of two equivalent groups and conducted the equivalence process on the two groups in a number of variables, which included: (chronological age calculated in months, the degree of Arabic language subject for the previous year, the general average for the female students, the intelligence quotient, and the academic achievement of their parents).
To achieve the goal of the research,one instruments are required:
-: A test for the students' achievement.
After preparing the teaching plans and the tool, the experiment was applied by the subject school in the school in the first course of the academic year (2021-2022) on Monday (15/11/2021) and continued for a full academic course and ended on Monday (10/1/2022). The achievement test was applied on Wednesday (12/1/ 2022) on the two research groups.
After collecting the data and analyzing it statistically using the follow-up statistical methods on the statistical program Spss, the study reached the following results:
- There is a statistically significant difference between the students of the two groups in achievement and in favor of the experimental group with the highest arithmetic mean, which was studied according to the Adelson model.
In light of the results of the research, the research came out with several conclusions, including: The use of the Adelson model in the process of teaching Arabic language contributed to raising the level of academic achievement of second-grade students, as they are in an early stage of the learning process.

The current research aims to identify the role of the human rights and democracy curriculum in consolidating the values of citizenship among students of scientific faculties at the University of Mosul from their point of view. (163) male and female students as a whole, amounting to (80) male and female students from the Faculty of Dentistry, including (42) male students, (38) female students and (83) male and female students from the Faculty of Science, including (44) from the Physics Department, (12) students and (32) students and (39) from the Department of Chemistry, (20) males and (19) females. The researchers prepared the research tool (citizenship values), which consisted of (74) paragraphs in its final form distributed into four areas, which are values: (Social (22) A paragraph, the political (9) paragraphs, the legal (24)paragraphs, the moral (19)paragraphs, with five alternatives, which are in a degree (very large, large, medium, few, very few), and their validity, stability and strength of paragraphs were verified, the researchers applied The tool (citizenship values), through which the opinions of the members of the research sample were taken from the students, according to Sunday (28/11/2021) and continued until Monday (20/12/27). 21) On the individuals of the research sample, and after collecting data and analyzing them statistically using a t-test for two independent samples, Pearson correlation coefficient, reference mean, and relative weight, the researchers reached the following results:
1- Moral values ranked first among the types of citizenship values with a percentage of (%73.431), while social values achieved the second rank with (%73.11), while legal values achieved the third rank with (%72.919) and political values ranked fourth with (% 71.43) respectively.
2- Moral values ranked first among the types of citizenship values with a percentage of (%79.18),while legal values ranked second with a percentage of (%78,396)percent), while social values ranked third with a percentage of (%78.12), and political values ranked fourth with a rate of (%77.06). ) Straight .
3- There is a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the research sample members in the role of the human rights and democracy curriculum in consolidating the values of citizenship according to the gender variable (males and females) and in favor of the female research sample members. The researchers came out with a set of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.

Our research is based on the phonetic analysis of those whose biography is associated with patience. and they became role models in patience. Job and Zakaria. peace be upon them; Our master Ayyub. who was patient with the affliction that God afflicted him with. represented by a severe illness that lasted for many years. the loss of family and children. and after relatives and friends. and our master Zakaria was patient in the path of calling to God Almighty until the bone weakened and the hair was young. so he called Farzak Polly to complete his call after old age .
And the language that God Almighty and honorable by making it the language of his great book must be a home for eloquence and miracles. in addition to that. it is a phonetic phenomenon. and therefore the study of any text is a linguistic study that requires starting with sounds. and the project of this research is an attempt to discover the relationship between the context of the scene that He talks about the miracle of our master Ayyub. peace be upon him. in the Holy Qur’an. and his phonetic formation in terms of percentages of the qualities of sounds. and the identification of his syllable texture.

Illusion is an important linguistic phenomenon, and the ancients, linguists and grammarians knew it, and used it to direct some grammatical and morphological texts that came out of the measurements of the Arabic language.
Ibn Sayyidah referred to a number of morphological issues that were directed at delusion, as he took care of mentioning them and standing on them in order to know the reason behind their illusion, and attributing the saying in some of these issues to other scholars, and this is what made us monitor the issues of morphological delusion with him, and these issues varied, including What was in the formulas, including what was in the subtraction of the extra letter and the originality of the extra letter as well as the illusion of movement, and this research came tagged with) Illusion of subtracting the extra letter in Ibn Sayyidah) d458ah) in his dedicated, arbitrator, and the greatest lexicon) To reveal one of the types of morphological delusion according to Ibn Sayyidah, and it aims to define delusion and determine its causes and the position of scholars on it, as well as presenting issues of delusion by subtracting the extra letter that occurred in the collection of cracking, both types of few and many, and in derivatives that included the name of the subject, the name of the object and the suspicious adjective.

This research dealt with the aesthetic of the formation of the color image through the silent nature, in the poetry of the Khalidians, the researcher decided to monitor the color image in this study of the poets to know the extent to which the poets are affected by colors by studying the color connotations through the silent nature.
The research focused on the ingenuity of the two poets in the use of colors and their connotations and focus on the role of the senses in building the image, to invest it in its formation, by employing many techniques, including metaphorical formation, and allegorical formation, which were formed through the poets' attempt to fly in the distant horizons of metaphor.
The importance of this research comes because it reveals what is going on in the same poets and their ideas, as the color image represents part of the visual image, because the color is perceived visual sensory. The research has touched that the images that scarce their poems were often painted in borrowed colors and colors inspired by the significance of vocabulary and displacement formulas that adopt metaphor and multiply it as metaphor, analogy, etc, and the research has also touched the multiplicity of color connotations in their poetry and their diversity according to their occurrence in the context.

The research aims to design a multimedia-based instructional unit for teaching science to the second grade intermediate school students. To achieve this goal, the researchers began the design process, through several steps and stages of producing electronic lessons. After reviewing a number of computer programs that allow the design and implementation of such lessons, the researchers chose (MS Power Point) and (BB Flashback software). After obtaining the curriculum and book for science in the second grade of intermediate school, a number of behavioral objectives were formulated that are expected to be achieved through the instructional unit. The researchers relied on pictures, figures, and diagrams included in the book, and then added a number of illustrative pictures and educational videos specifically designed for this purpose.
The instructional unit was designed and then presented to a committee of experts in educational psychology and educational sciences, and obtained a good acceptance rate of over (80%). The researchers selected a random sample of (30) female students from Ninawa intermediate school to apply the instructional unit in order to assess the ability of the students to use it. They also calculated the time required to execute each lesson and ensured that appropriate programming environments were available for implementing such lessons. Based on these results, some concepts were reformulated, and the pictures, backgrounds, and text styles were changed. The instructional unit was then ready for implementation and use. Based on these findings, the researchers drew several conclusions, recommendations, and proposals.

Poetic thefts are considered one of the most important subjects that were given a considerable attention by the literature critics. This issue is regarded one of the most prominent subjects that were dealt with in the old and modern Arabic criticism as checking the originality and authenticity of the literary work and their writers and the amount of novelty and thought these works involve. It is certain that identifying the originality or innovation requires from the literary man to be with vast knowledge, intelligent and have a great acquaintance with the literature and its types and should be knowledgeable with the literary heritage in all its ages. He should also have a wide knowledge about the literary products of the famous literary men as this will facilitate the connection between the old with the recent and modern literary men.
The approach on which this research relied, as it combines the descriptive and the historical, and it is the approach adopted by most researchers in the study of the history and terminology of poetic theft.
The research relied on the concept of poetic theft and its development through the literary eras.

Proverbs are a representation of Arab life in the pre-Islamic era, embodying its customs, traditions, beliefs, and the behavior of individuals and groups. They have gained great popularity among writers and linguists, resulting in the creation of many independent books or the dedication of entire chapters to them within language and literature books. However, they have not received the same attention as the study of poetry, its nature, purposes, and techniques, which includes proverbs specifically and other forms of prose such as speeches, letters, and dialogues in general. Despite this, these works remain confined to collection and narration without examination, analysis, or inspection. Therefore, this research aims to study them within a modern pedagogical framework that looks at the text regardless of its literary genre, whether poetry or prose, as both complementary, interconnected, and interactive elements, not as scattered parts. Although the nature of this study requires the researcher to break down the discourse to uncover the aesthetic and linguistic rules that combined to create it, the methods used to structure this discourse within a single text may vary. Therefore, the stylistic, artistic, and aesthetic values may vary depending on the diversity of these literary types and forms, as each has its own logic and structural identity that grants it uniqueness and specificity according to the context and in accordance with its rhetorical and stylistic value.

The purpose of this study was to identify the role of Palestinian universities in renewing the religious discourse from the point of view of the faculty members. It also aimed to identify the obstacles to renewing religious discourse in Palestinian universities. It also aimed to identify the mechanisms of renewing religious discourse in Palestinian universities, In his study, he used the descriptive approach, The study population consisted of all faculty members in Palestinian universities. The sample size of the study was (120) faculty members, which were selected in the simple random sampling method. The researcher used the questionnaire in his study as a tool for collecting information and data The number of paragraphs (25) , The researcher used the statistical packages program (spss) to analyze the data collected The researcher concluded that the registration of students with low rates in the disciplines of Islamic law is among the most obstacles facing the Palestinian universities in renewing the religious discourse. The absence of compulsory courses related to Islamic law in sufficient size in Palestinian universities is one of the obstacles that hinder Palestinian universities In the renewal of religious discourse, and the lack of appointment of specialists in Islamic Sharia, a highly efficient sections of Islamic law to renew the religious discourse , The study recommended that priority should be given to the teaching of Islamic law courses to the higher levels of science based on their experience and ability, in contrast to the purposes of the tolerant Islamic law. The priority should be in appointing the Islamic Shari'a departments to those who graduated from Islamic countries calling for moderate Islam. Palestinian universities, provided that tuition fees are reduced in those disciplines..

Zaid bin Abi al-Zarqa al-Mawsili, one of the scholars of hadith in the second century AH, was born and raised in Mosul, and began seeking knowledge from a young age.He heard from the elders of his country, and traveled in search of knowledge to the regions in search of narration and hearing, so he traveled from Mosul to the Levant and narrated on the authority of the Levantines, and his trips were numerous, so he narrated on the authority of the Basrans, the Kufis and others, and he narrated a lot from him, and he was keen on preserving the Sunnah, he only spoke with what he mastered and memorized, and he has In the folds of the books that have been translated for him, there are many references indicating his scientific efforts in several aspects, such as jarh and ta’deel, jurisprudence, literature and acclamation.
He spent his life serving the honorable hadith of the Prophet, narrating and listening, until God Almighty passed away in the year one hundred and ninety-four (194 AH) according to the most likely sayings.

The researcher aims to take note of the subject of the Internet of things and its role in achieving the quality of education, and by adopting the method of descriptive systematic analysis in the College of Education for Human Sciences at the University of Mosul. And a statement of how educational institutions can adopt the Internet of Things to improve the quality of education in the College of Education for Humanities and the extent of its reflection on the mechanisms of education through the main question represented by what is the extent of the possibility of raising and enhancing the quality of education in the College of Education for Humanities using Internet of Things technology?
The researcher adopted a set of statistical methods and using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) program to obtain an answer to these questions, in addition to preparing a questionnaire form that was distributed to the study sample individuals with (145) respondents, and the study reached a set of results, the most important of which is that there is a correlation between The Internet of things and the quality of education, and this means that the technology of the Internet of things supports the quality of education in improving and developing the educational process within the researched institution, in addition to that the teaching staff for students provides a variety of technological learning resources to achieve the desired educational goals of students, and in the light of these conclusions, the researcher presented a set of recommendations, the most important of which The need for the growing interest in universities to continuously renew plans, programs and educational activities to keep pace with developments in the technology of the Internet of Things.

Abstract
This research included an introduction and evidence of the historical narratives of the Dawsin, The introduction dealt with a brief overview of the importance of historical narratives, And the most important historical narratives of some of the men of the tribe, according to the alphabetical sequence.

The Holy Qur’an is characterized by terms that were carved according to the custom of the Arabs in derivation, but they indicated new concepts to Arab thoughts. What is meant by the term is the opposition between the opposites, or between the difference, or between the complementary ones, and in this opposition used sometimes the real expression and at other times the figurative expression, and the contrast deepened into the opposition between the requirements of the terms used, their causes, results, etc., in a way that preserves the means of communications its splendor and safety in reaching the mind addressee to build a solid Quranic discourse

The aims of this study are: Identify how the distinguished students feel emotionally. Identify how the emotional traits of distinguished students differ depending on their gender. and Identify the level of social traits. Identify how the gender variable affects the social traits of distinguished students.
The research is limited to two types of distinguished students of both sexes in the second intermediate grade from distinguished schools in the centre of Nineveh Governorate for the school year (2021-2022). The (80) male and female students in the current research sample were chosen at random in the same way based on their gender. The researcher used two scales (Hayawi. 2012) to measure social and emotional traits. Even though the two scales were new. the researcher made sure that they were valid and reliable. The results of the search were: When it comes to social traits. distinguished students are about average. but they are statistically above the hypothetical mean. When it comes to emotional traits. distinguished students are about average. but they are statistically above the hypothetical mean. There are no statistically significant differences between how people act based on their gender. There are no statistically significant differences between how people feel based on their gender. Based on the results. the researcher wrote several of recommendations and suggestions.

The current research aims to measure the level of emotional empathy, as well as to know the difference in emotional empathy according to the variable of gender (male - female) and specialization (scientific).–Humanitarian) and the stage (second - fourth), and after defining the research community represented by the students of the University of Mosul, the research sample was chosen randomly, and they numbered (800) male and female students.
The researcher built an emotional empathy scale, which consisted of (32) items, and the apparent honesty, discriminatory power, and internal consistency were extracted. As for the stability, it was calculated using the re-test method and Cronbach's alpha equation, and the data were processed statistically using the statistical bag (spss) The results appeared as follows:
1- Mosul University students have a good level of empathy
2- There are statistically significant differences in emotional empathy according to the gender variable (male - female), the stage variable (second - fourth), and the specialization variable (scientific - humanistic).

The aim of the research is to identify the effectiveness of a proposed teaching strategy based on the social approach to develop social values and a culture of acceptance of the other among fourth/ literary grade students the subject of Islamic education. The research sample consisted of (108) male and female students from the fourth literary grade, chosen by the researcher intentionally from four preparatory schools for boys and four preparatory schools for girls in the city of Mosul for the academic year (2022-2023 AD), (2) of which are experimental and (2) control, for both sexes. The two experimental groups studied through the strategy based on the social approach, while the two control groups studied according to the usual method.
To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher prepared two tools: the first is the measure of social values consisting of (46) three-alternative items (always, sometimes, rarely) and the second: a culture of accepting the other test consisting of (10) items and each item has (3) choices(1.2.3),the researcher verified their validity and extracted their stability, and then the researcher applied the two tools to the members of the research sample, and then carried out the research experiment starting from Wednesday 6/11/2022 until 12/25/2022 by assigning the teachers of the subject in preparatory schools, and the two tools were applied post-day on 3-4/ 1/2023. After collecting the data and analyzing it statistically using the two-factor analysis of variance, the researcher concluded:
There is a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of students of the four groups in the development of social values and a culture of acceptance of the other in the two variables of the method and in favor of the proposed strategy, and gender in favor of females as well as the interaction between the two variables, and for both tools, and at the end of the research the researcher concluded a set of conclusions, the researcher also recommended a number of recommendations, and suggested conducting similar studies with a diversity of variables.

In this research, the study attempted to show the impact of miraculous beings on the poetic text, and the extent of their effectiveness in the poetic discourse of the poets of the Umayyad era, by employing these metaphysical beings in their poetry, including (devils, elves), or mythical beings, including (ghouls, the cough, and the phoenix).
Then the research dealt with the most important myths that affected the Umayyad poet from the pre-Islamic heritage, and their resonance remained in his thought and poetry, as a tradition rather than a belief in them.
The research focused on the most important myths and legends, including (the demons of the poets), the legend of (the important and the echo), and the legend of (Labad).
This required, first, a theorizing thalamus that clarifies the nature of these beings through which the miraculous pattern in the poetic text is framed. And since literary creativity was attributed at the beginning to symbols or powers that address human beings, they were ignorant of its source and how it originated and formed.
Therefore, it was axiomatic that the ancient Arabs would refer to inspiration in interpreting some of what they see, and they did not find in front of them anything but imagination and poetic creativity in determining what these miraculous beings were that formed part of their heritage and beliefs, because these creatures could not be seen or coexisted with them.
The research dealt with examples of those organisms that poets employed in their poetic texts. Relying on the principle of theorizing and then applying it by mentioning and analyzing the poetic witness, and clarifying the most important miraculous images that the poet created in his poetic text.
And he showed the effect of the miraculous in the soul of the recipient, and the hesitation and confusion caused by his acceptance of the miraculous texts.

This research aims to trace the objections of Ibn Hisham al-Ansari al-Masri, one of the most prominent grammarians of Egypt in the seventh century, to the opinions of Ibn al-Khabbaz al-Mawsili in his famous book (Mughni al-Labib), The objection was presented and discussed, then the most correct opinion was expressed from the researcher's point of view .
Ibn Hisham's objections to grammarians, including Ibn al-Khabbaz, were not for defamation and falsification. Rather, it was a scientific discussion in order to correct and clarify weaknesses, Although his objections are based on presenting evidence and arguments, some of them were not free from discussions .

The aim of the current research is to identify the attentional control and academic resilience of Diyala University students. and the differences in attentional control and academic resilience according to the gender variable (male - female). The validity and reliability of the scale were extracted. and the scale in its final form consisted of (26) items. One. two independent t-test. and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The researcher reached the following results: - that Diyala University students have a good level of attentional control and academic resilience. and there is no statistically significant difference between (males - females) on the attentional control scale. with a statistically significant difference between (males - females) on the academic resilience scale. In favor of males. there is a direct correlation between attentional control and academic resilience.

The aim of the research is to identify the effectiveness of using TRIZ strategies in the academic achievement of the students of the tenth grade of middle school in Arabic for non-native speakers. The research community consisted of tenth grade students in the mixed preparatory schools affiliated to the Directorate of Education in Semele District for the academic year (2021-2022), and the research sample included (72) students from two schools randomly selected from among the schools affiliated with the aforementioned education, namely Avro City School, which has a number of It was conducted by (35) male and female students in the experimental group. Hydar School, which has a student population of (37) students, represented the control group. Equivalence was conducted between the students of the two groups in a number of variables such as chronological age, parental education, IQ, etc., and the validity and stability of the tool were verified. The experiment began on 10/2/2021, and continued until 1/6/2022, with four classes per week for each group. After analyzing the data by the spss statistical program, the results showed that there were statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group, and in light of that, the researcher came out with a set of recommendations and suggestions for the future.

Using phrasal verbs (PVs) is a challenging task for EFL students and Kurdish EFL students may struggle with PVs. This study investigates whether Kurdish EFL students avoid PVs and whether their performance is affected by the semantic nature of PVs. The study also examines why Kurdish EFL students avoid or employ PVs. 120 Kurdish students from the third year of the College of Basic Education at Duhok University participated. Participants were given a questioner consisting of three tests to contribute to the data collection for this study (i.e. A multiple-choice, translation and verb-memorizing tests). The tests had 15 items, 11 metaphorical and 4 literal PVs. Using interviews, the researcher investigated why Kurdish EFL students either utilize or avoid using PVs. Based on the results, it concluded that Kurdish EFL students tend to avoid the PVs. Avoidance can be attributed to phrasal verbs' semantic complexity and the disparities between the learner's L1 (Kurdish) and English as a foreign language. In interviews, students who chose PVs over normal verbs provided many reasons. Students try to mimic the way native speakers talk. Moreover, the findings demonstrate that avoidance may be adopted as a tactic in the learning process to prevent making mistakes.